The role of aerenchymatous gas space in root sodium ion management under salt stress: Do they matter in rice?

Background & Aims: Increasing soil salinity is an emerging and potent threat to agricultural crop production. Plant root tissues are the most important place for salt sensing. Thus, root traits associated with salt tolerance are very important.

Anisotropic Light-Matter Interaction in α-InSe: Wavelength-Dependent Study.

The anisotropic light-matter interactions in 2D materials have garnered significant attention for their potential to develop futuristic polarization-based optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors and photoactuators. In this study, we investigate the polarization-dependent interactions in ferroelectric 3R α-InSe using Angle-Resolved Polarized Raman Spectroscopy with different excitation lasers. Our experimental findings supported by complementary Density Functional Theory calculations demonstrate that the light-matter interactions depend not only on the crystallographic orientation but also on the excitation energy.

Seed priming with NaCl boosted the glutathione-ascorbate pool to facilitate photosystem-II function and maintain starch in NaCl-primed chickpea under salt stress.

Seed priming with NaCl improved the tissue tolerance nature in moderately salt-tolerant cultivar Anuradha under salt stress. Is an improved tissue tolerance in primed chickpea seedlings supplemented with a boosted antioxidant response? To investigate, a seed priming experiment with sub-lethal salt concentration (50 mM NaCl) was performed with chickpea cv. Anuradha.

Scalable ultrasound-assisted synthesis of hydroxy imidazole -oxides and evaluation of their anti-proliferative activities; mechanistic insights into the deoximation of dioximes.

The development of synthetic methodologies that promote greener reactions have become so essential that it has slowly shaped the way chemists think about the construction of physiologically and chemically active compounds. The acid-catalyzed iminoketone - aldehyde condensations leading to Hydroxy imidazole -oxides serve as robust strategies for forming C-N bonds. Considering all the existing challenges that come with the use of solvent and energy-intensive methodologies, herein a green synthetic strategy using ultrasound with optimization of reaction conditions and thorough investigation into the mechanism for obtaining the best yields are reported.

Energy conservation or expense? A possible dilemma under combined stresses of salinity and submergence in rice.

Salinity and flooding are two major production impediments affecting rice cultivation in coastal agro-ecosystems. We investigated how rice plants use two contrasting strategies such as energy conservation (for submergence tolerance) and energy expenditure (for ion exclusion) to adapt to the combined stresses of saline water submergence (SWS). Pot and hydroponic experiments were conducted using four selected rice genotypes carrying Sub1 (Submergence1) and/or Saltol (Salinity tolerance) QTLs in their genetic background and exposed them to salinity and submergence stresses individually and combined under controlled experimental conditions.

The multifaceted role of different SnRK gene family members in regulating multiple abiotic stresses in plants.

Abiotic stresses are a major constraint for agricultural productivity and food security in today's era of climate change. Plants can experience different types of abiotic stresses, either individually or in combination. Sometimes, more than one stress event may occur simultaneously or one after another during the lifecycle of the plant.

Stepwise reduction of graphene oxide and studies on defect-controlled physical properties.

Graphene oxide (GO) is a monolayer of oxidized graphene which is a convenient and potential candidate in a wide range of fields of applications like electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, energy storage, catalysis, chemical sensors, and many others. GO is often composed of various oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and epoxy. One appealing method for achieving graphene-like behavior with sp hybridized carbon is the reduction of GO i.

Blood-based DNA methylation in advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma exhibited distinct CpG methylation signature.

The TNM staging system is currently used to detect cancer stages. Regardless, a small proportion of cancer patients recur even after therapy, suggesting more specific molecular tools are required to justify the stage-specific detection and prompt cancer diagnosis. Thus, we aimed to explore the blood-based DNA methylation signature of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to establish a holistic methylation biomarker panel.

Nanotechnology, a frontier in agricultural science, a novel approach in abiotic stress management and convergence with new age medicine-A review.

Climate change imposes various environmental stresses which substantially impact plant growth and productivity. Salinity, drought, temperature extremes, heavy metals, and nutritional imbalances are among several abiotic stresses contributing to high yield losses of crops in various parts of the world, resulting in food insecurity. Many interesting strategies are being researched in the attempt to improve plants' environmental stress tolerance.

Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics by RGO-CdTe composite with enhanced apparent quantum efficiency.

RGO-CdTe composite was synthesized using a straightforward, easy-to-realize, one-pot solvothermal technique. The synthesized composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), Raman spectra, UV-Vis absorption, and photoluminescence measurement. The RGO-CdTe composite exhibited 83.

Measuring residual transpiration in plants: a comparative analysis of different methods.

Residual transpiration (RT) is defined as a loss of water through the leaf cuticle while stomata are closed. Reduced RT might be a potentially valuable trait for improving plant performance under water deficit conditions imposed by either drought or salinity. Due to the presence of stomata on the leaf surface, it is technically challenging to measure RT.

Endogenous PTEN acts as the key determinant for mTOR inhibitor sensitivity by inducing the stress-sensitized PTEN-mediated death axis in KSHV-associated malignant cells.

As a part of viral cancer evolution, KSHV-infected human endothelial cells exert a unique transcriptional program upregulated mTORC1 signaling. This event makes them sensitive to mTOR inhibitors. Master transcriptional regulator PTEN acts as the prime regulator of mTOR and determining factor for mTOR inhibitory drug resistance and sensitivity.

Seed priming with NaCl helps to improve tissue tolerance, potassium retention ability of plants, and protects the photosynthetic ability in two different legumes, chickpea and lentil, under salt stress.

Seed priming with NaCl mimicked the conditions of natural priming to improve the tissue tolerance nature of sensitive legumes, which helps to maintain survivability and yield in mildly saline areas. Seed priming with NaCl is a seed invigoration technique that helps to improve plant growth by altering Na and K content under salt stress. Legumes are overall sensitive to salt and salinity hampers their growth and yield.

Lifestyle, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and other factors could impede nasopharyngeal cancer survivorship: a five-year cross-sectional study in North Eastern India.

Unlabelled: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is one of the leading cancers in India's north-eastern (NE) region affecting a section of the population each year. A proportion of the NPC cases are observed to recur even after therapy, indicating the involvement of other factors. We aimed to explore the NPC and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) burden in the NE region and investigate the prognostic factors for the NPC patients' poor survival and recurrence.

Brønsted acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed tandem reaction: an efficient and sustainable approach towards the regioselective synthesis and molecular docking studies of 4-hydroxycoumarin-substituted indoles bearing lower -factors.

1-Butane sulfonic acid-3-methylimidazolium tosylate, [BSMIM]OTs, is a remarkable catalyst for the cascade synthesis of coumarin-functionalized indole derivatives a tandem cyclization reaction of aniline and phenylglyoxal monohydrate. This reaction possibly proceeds through imine formation/nucleophilic addition/cyclization. In addition, this method shows lower -factors.

Identification of QTLs for stagnant flooding tolerance in rice employing genotyping by sequencing of a RIL population derived from Swarna × Rashpanjor.

Unlabelled: In lowland rice ecosystems stagnant flooding or partial submergence has a significant negative impact on important yield attributing traits resulting in substantial grain yield reduction. Genetics of this stress is not yet studied intensively. Rashpanjor (IC 575321), a landrace from India, was identified and used as the tolerant donor for stagnant flooding and was crossed with high yielding variety Swarna to develop the RIL population for the present investigation.

Preformed aerenchyma determines the differential tolerance response under partial submergence imposed by fresh and saline water flooding in rice.

Plant's response to fresh- and saline-water flooding and the resulting partial submergence, seems different due to the added complexities of element toxicity of salinity. We identified a few rice genotypes which can tolerate combined stresses of partial submergence and salinity during saline water flooding. To gain mechanistic insights, we compared two rice genotypes: Varshadhan (freshwater-flooding tolerant) and Rashpanjor (both fresh- and saline-water flooding tolerant).

Fascinating role of silicon to combat salinity stress in plants: An updated overview.

Salt stress limits plant growth and productivity by severely impacting the fundamental physiological processes. Silicon (Si) supplementation is considered one of the promising methods to improve plant resilience under salt stress. Here, the role of Si in modulating physiological and biochemical processes that get adversely affected by high salinity, is discussed.

Rice with SUB1 QTL possesses greater initial leaf gas film thickness leading to delayed perception of submergence stress.

Background And Aims: Submergence tolerance in rice is primarily attributed to the action of the SUB1 gene, but other associated traits such as leaf gas film (LGF) thickness, leaf hydrophobicity, porosity and leaf density have been known to aid submergence tolerance in rice. However, association of these traits with SUB1 quantitative trait locus (QTL) has not been demonstrated. In this study, we aim to investigate (1) whether the presence of the SUB1 QTL in the genetic background has any influence on the thickness of the LGF and (ii) whether its removal has any impact on stress perception and submergence tolerance in Sub1 and non-Sub1 rice.

Alteration in plant spacing improves submergence tolerance in Sub1 and non-Sub1 rice (cv. IR64) by better light interception and effective carbohydrate utilisation under stress.

Besides genetic improvement for developing stress-tolerant cultivars, agronomic management may also add considerable tolerance against different abiotic stresses in crop plants. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of six different spacing treatments (S1: 10 × 10 cm; S2: 15 × 10 cm; S3:15 × 15 cm; S4:20 × 10 cm; S5: 20 × 15 cm; S6: 20 × 20 cm (row-row × plant-plant)) for improving submergence tolerance in rice. A high yielding submergence intolerant rice cultivar IR64 was tested against its SUB1 QTL introgressed counterpart (IR64-Sub1) for 12 days of complete submergence for different spacing treatments in field tanks.

Tissue Tolerance Coupled With Ionic Discrimination Can Potentially Minimize the Energy Cost of Salinity Tolerance in Rice.

Salinity is one of the major constraints in rice production. To date, development of salt-tolerant rice cultivar is primarily focused on salt-exclusion strategies, which incur greater energy cost. The present study aimed to evaluate a balancing strategy of ionic discrimination tissue tolerance, which could potentially minimize the energy cost of salt tolerance in rice.

Distinction and characterisation of rice genotypes tolerant to combined stresses of salinity and partial submergence, proved by a high-resolution chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system.

Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters measured with fluorescence imaging techniques were used to investigate the combined effect of salt and partial submergence stress to understand photosynthetic performance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ChlF parameters such as maximal fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv=Fm -F0), the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y(NO)) were able to distinguish genotypes precisely based on their sensitivity to stress.