Novel anatomical findings of the superficial medial collateral ligament during knee flexion: Anatomical and histological findings.

Background: During anatomical medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction, the apex of the medial femoral epicondyle (ME-apex) is a significant bony landmark. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anatomical relationship between the superficial MCL (sMCL) and the ME-apex using gross anatomical, and histological observations.

Methods: Eight unpaired cadaveric knees were studied.

Anatomical evaluation of the superficial medial collateral ligament distal tibial attachment of the knee.

This study aimed to evaluate the superficial medial collateral ligament distal tibial attachment (sMCL-dTA) morphologically and morphometrically. Seventeen unpaired formalin-fixed cadaveric knees were used. The sMCL was divided into anterior and posterior sections in the paracoronal plane along the midline of the sMCL.

Evolution of the term "epicondyle of the femur": Revisiting the anatomical and surgical literature.

The femoral epicondyle is an anatomical bony landmark essential for surgeons and anatomists, but there are discrepancies between the two fields when using this term. In current orthopedic surgery, it commonly denotes the small bony prominence of the femoral condyle. Given the derivation, "epicondyle" should be a region projecting laterally from the articular surface rather than a point.

Knee extension deficit during gait and knee extensor weakness persisting after saucerization and repair of discoid lateral meniscus tears.

Background: Physical function and knee kinematics recovery after discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) tear surgery are essential for a better prognosis. However, these alterations remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate changes in physical function and knee kinematics following saucerization and DLM tear repair.