Management of a First Branchial Cleft Fistula in an Adult Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

First branchial cleft anomalies (FBCAs) are uncommon congenital malformations that develop due to incomplete closure of the first branchial cleft during embryonic development. They represent a small proportion of all branchial cleft anomalies. These lesions, which may present as cysts, sinuses, or fistulas, pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their nonspecific clinical manifestations and complex anatomical relationships, particularly with the facial nerve and parotid gland.

Myositis Ossificans of the Temporalis Muscle Following Neurosurgical Intervention: A Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review.

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a rare benign condition characterized by heterotopic bone formation within soft tissues, with masticatory muscle involvement being exceptionally uncommon. This case report describes a 45-year-old male patient who developed progressive trismus and a preauricular mass six months after right frontotemporal craniotomy for meningioma resection. Imaging revealed an ossified lesion in the temporalis muscle, consistent with post-traumatic MO.

Rapidly Progressive Buccal Hematoma Following Local Anesthetic Injection: A Case Report.

Local anesthetic injections, routine in dental practice, ensure pain control during procedures like root canal treatments. Though generally safe, they can occasionally cause hematomas, localized blood accumulations in tissue planes. Rapidly expanding hematomas in the head and neck are exceptionally rare but dangerous due to anatomical complexity, potentially threatening the airway.

Editorial for "Advances in Oral Diseases Diagnosis and Management: 2nd Edition".

The field of oral disease diagnosis and management has undergone significant transformation in recent years, propelled by innovations in diagnostic technologies, molecular biology, and interdisciplinary clinical approaches [...

Pathological Fractures of the Mandible: Our Department's 15-Year Experience.

: Pathological fractures of the mandible are uncommon and often result from underlying conditions such as osteoradionecrosis, malignancies, or medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Their management is challenging due to compromised bone quality and complex patient comorbidities. This study presents a 15-year experience from a tertiary oral and maxillofacial surgery center, highlighting the clinical characteristics, etiologies, treatment approaches, and outcomes of these fractures.

Advancing EFSA's regulatory science: Updated research and innovation needs.

This editorial provides an update on research & innovation (R&I) needs that can support EFSA's regulatory science in the coming years. The paper presents research needs for EFSA's work in a number of domains: omics technologies; gut microbiome; new approach methodologies (NAMs); allergenicity risk assessment; aggregate exposure assessment and environmental risk assessment (ERA). In briefly describing R&I needs, the document also addresses emerging challenges and opportunities.

Immunohistochemical Expression of DAPK-1 in Oral Leukoplakia And Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study.

Introduction: The silencing of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK-1) is an effective way of inactivating a tumor-suppressing mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of DAPK-1 in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: The immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of DAPK-1 was carried out in cases of OLs and OSCCs.

Admittance to the intensive care unit due to acute odontogenic cervicofacial infections; a single centre retrospective cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of the patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admittance after surgical drainage of an odontogenic cervicofacial infection and identify the variables that are able to predict severe infection or a high possibility of complications.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including all adult patients admitted to our hospital over the period 2011-2020 due to odontogenic cervicofacial infection and required ICU admittance. The study was approved by the hospital's scientific committee (no 814-9/8/2021).

DAPK-1 as a Potential Early Marker for Malignant Transformation Risk of Oral Lichen Planus.

Introduction Oral lichen planus (OLP) comprises a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease observed in the oral cavity. It most commonly manifests as white papules arranged confluently, drawing a picture of white lines in the form of a network (reticular form). It may emerge in other forms as well.

Corneal changes after large (9mm) lateral rectus muscle recession measured with Pentacam®.

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in corneal astigmatism, axial anterior corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness (CCT) two months after the unilateral recession of lateral rectus muscle in children. This prospective study included 37 children with intermittent exotropia who would undergo unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession. All measurements were performed using Pentacam®.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Odontogenic Cervicofacial Infections in a Single Center in Greece.

Introduction: Odontogenic cervicofacial infections are still an ongoing problem, requiring immediate hospital admittance and management. The aim of this study is to reflect the number of patients with cervicofacial infections who were admitted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period in a single, point of reference center in Northern Greece as well as analyze the quantitative and qualitative parameters of patient characteristics and management data.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included all the patients with cervicofacial infections who were admitted to our unit during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically between 2020 and 2021.

Is There an Association between a Tonsillar Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising after a Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Occult Primary? A Case Report and Extensive Literature Review.

Objectives: The aim of this review is to focus on the possibility of patients with squamous cell carcinoma to develop a second primary disease such as DLBCL, perhaps because of the irradiation of the head and neck area.

Materials And Methods: A case of an 89-year-old man is reported, who initially underwent surgical and complementary treatment for neck squamous cell carcinoma of occult primary and later for tonsillar diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Results: The second primary was considered a recurrence in the neck of the original cancer of unknown primary, so a new surgical management was decided.

Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Can Biomarkers Assist in Differential Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Strategy?

A crucial complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), namely, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), occurs in about 50% of transplant recipients, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Thus far, the diagnosis of GVHD has been mainly established through clinical features and histologic or laboratory evidence of periductal lymphocyte infiltration, fibroplasia, and mixed lymphocytic and plasmocytic inflammation. Intensive research is focused on identifying biomarkers for the early diagnosis, prediction of disease, response to treatment, prognosis, and risk stratification of patients.

A Preliminary Study of the Role of Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transitory Factor SOX 2 and CD147 in the Microvascularization of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to detect the possible endothelial expression of embryonic-type cancer stem cells (CSC) marker SOX2 and the stemness-type CSC marker CD147 in oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs), oral leukoplakia (OL) in particular, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: This study focuses on the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of CSC protein-biomarkers SOX2 and CD147 in paraffin-embedded samples of 21 OSCCs of different grades of differentiation and 30 cases of OLs with different grades of dysplasia, compared to normal oral mucosa.

Results: The protein biomarker SOX2 was expressed in the endothelial cells, but without establishing any statistically significant correlation among OSCC, OL, and normal tissue specimens.

Corneal tomography changes following major (6 mm) medial rectus muscle recession: a prospective cohort study using Pentacam®.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in corneal astigmatism, axial anterior corneal curvature, as well as changes in the anterior chamber depth and central corneal thickness, 2 months following the unilateral recession of medial rectus muscle in children.

Methods: Thirty-three children with esotropia were prospectively evaluated following unilateral medial rectus muscle recession, using Pentacam®. Comparisons were made between the operated and fellow unoperated eyes, pre, and postoperatively.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus elective neck dissection in management of the clinically negative (cN0) neck in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent type of head and neck cancer, and lymph node metastasis is a crucial prognostic factor that has a direct correlation with the survival rate. The standard procedure for managing clinically negative (cN0) neck in OSCC patients is elective neck dissection (END), but it can lead to various complications that affect the patient's quality of life. Therefore, medical professionals are exploring the use of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) to manage cN0 neck in OSCC patients.

Expression of the Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells' Biomarkers SOX2 and OCT3/4 in Oral Leukoplakias and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Preliminary Study.

Introduction: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are incriminated for initiating the process of carcinogenesis either de novo or through the transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to detect the expression of embryonic-type CSC markers OCT3/4 and SOX2 in OSCCs and oral leukoplakias (OLs), the most common of OPMDs.

Materials And Methods: The study type is experimental, and the study design is characterized as semiquantitative research, which belongs to the branch of experimental research.

Foveal Hypoplasia in a Child With Tyrosinase-Positive Albinism.

The purpose of this article is to report a case of bilateral foveal hypoplasia in an eight-year-old girl who presented to the ophthalmology department due to poor vision in both eyes. Clinical examination revealed bilateral nystagmus, decreased vision, as well as iris transillumination. Dilated fundus examination indicated the absence of light reflex around the foveal area and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging exhibited the absence of the fovea centralis depression.

The Role of 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Literature Review.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is currently one of the most common orthopedic surgeries due to the ever-increasing average life expectancy. The constant need for effective and accurate techniques was contributed to the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing in that field, especially for patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and custom-made implants fabrication. PSI may offer numerous benefits, such as resection accuracy, mechanical axis alignment, cost-effectiveness, and time economy.

Evaluation of Macular Thickness Changes Following Large Horizontal Rectus Muscle Recession: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term effect of large horizontal rectus muscle recession on macula thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Material and methods Forty-two children were included in the study. The intervention groups were the medial rectus (MR) group (=20 eyes ) and the lateral rectus (LR) group (=22 eyes), including the eyes that underwent large medial and lateral rectus muscle recession, respectively.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: An Off-Label Marker of Endothelial Activation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The vascular endothelial (VE) expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1/2 family in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases has not been studied so far. The aim of this study was to illustrate the "off-label" endothelial expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) biomarker, ALDH1/2, adjacent to oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions in order to shed some light on the mechanisms leading to oral carcinogenesis.  Materials and methods: The expression of CSC protein-biomarker ALDH1/2 was detected through immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 30 paraffin-embedded samples of OL and 21 samples of OSCC compared to five samples of normal oral mucosa.