The Association between Excessive Glenohumeral External Rotation and Risk for Shoulder and Elbow Injury in Left-Handed High School Baseball Pitchers: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Left-handed baseball pitchers exhibit unique throwing biomechanics, yet the risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in this population remain unclear.

Purpose: To prospectively investigate preseason risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in left-handed high school baseball pitchers.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Differences in Glenohumeral Range of Motion, Shoulder Strength, and Humeral Torsion Between Right- and Left-handed High School Baseball Pitchers.

Background: Differences in shoulder range of motion (ROM), shoulder muscle strength, and humeral torsion between left- and right-handed high school baseball pitchers remain poorly characterized.

Hypothesis: Similar differences in shoulder ROM, strength, and humeral torsion between right-handed pitchers (RHPs) and left-handed pitchers (LHPs) observed in professionals will also be present in high school pitchers, with potential variations due to developmental stages.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Relationship Between Ulnar Nerve Instability and the Degree of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Laxity in High School Baseball Pitchers.

Introduction Ulnar nerve instability (UNI) is a common cause of ulnar neuropathy. The relationship between UNI and medial elbow instability has not yet been investigated in baseball pitchers. We investigated the association between UNI and the degree of ulnar collateral ligamentous laxity in high school baseball pitchers.

Impact of Pitching on Infraspinatus Muscle Elasticity in High School Baseball Pitchers: A Continuous Shear Wave Elastography Study.

: The repetitive overhead throwing of baseball stresses the posterior shoulder, including the rotator cuff and capsule, causing stiffness, tissue thickening, and dysfunction. Previous studies on collegiate baseball players have linked these changes to glenohumeral internal rotation deficits, pain, and injuries. However, these studies primarily used acoustic radiation force impulse-based shear wave elastography (SWE), which has limitations, including tissue heating and lack of portability.

The Preseason Functional Movement Screen as a Predictive Tool for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Baseball Pitchers: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is used to evaluate fundamental movement patterns in patients. It is unknown whether the FMS can be used as a predictive tool for the occurrence of pitching injuries in baseball players.

Purpose: To prospectively investigate the relationship between shoulder and elbow injuries and individual components of the FMS during the preseason in high school baseball pitchers and determine which components of the FMS can be used as screening tools to predict shoulder and elbow injuries.

A case of solitary digital glomus tumor associated with neurofibromatosis type 1.

An association between glomus tumor and neurofibromatosis type 1 has been reported. It is characterized by multiple tumors and young age at onset. The early diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 is important because it is associated with a high rate of malignancy.