A head-to-head comparison of soluble dietary fibers on microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production using the in vitro TIM-2 system.

Soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) are recognized for their health benefits through their fermentation and gut microbiota modulation. Previous studies focused on individual SDFs without sufficient structural information and a comparative analysis using different SDFs on microbiota composition and function is lacking. The present study aimed to determine key structural features of different SDFs, including soluble resistant starch (SRS), inulin (INU), four structurally diverse pectins (PS1 to PS4), one pectic derivative (PS5) and larch arabinogalactan (AG).

Beyond White-Nose Syndrome: Mitochondrial and Functional Genomics of .

White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) has devastated insectivorous bat populations, particularly in North America, leading to severe ecological and economic consequences. Despite extensive research, many aspects of the evolutionary history, mitochondrial genome organization, and metabolic adaptations of its etiological agent, , remain unexplored. Here, we present a multi-scale genomic analysis integrating pangenome reconstruction, phylogenetic inference, Bayesian divergence dating, comparative mitochondrial genomics, and refined functional annotation.

Functional and microbiological effects of a microencapsulated probiotic consortium on the ruminal microbiota systems.

Fistulated animals and rumen simulation systems are essential for evaluating the effects of ingredients like probiotics, proposed as sustainable alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics in ruminant nutrition. This study assessed the impact of microencapsulated probiotics on the structure and functionality of an initial ruminal microbial community using (IVV) and (IVT) systems. The IVT system was inoculated with rumen fluid obtained from the cattle animal used as IVV system.

Metagenomic Investigation of Intestinal Microbiota of Insectivorous Synanthropic Bats: Densoviruses, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Functional Profiling of Gut Microbial Communities.

Bats serve as key ecological reservoirs of diverse microbial communities, including emerging viruses and antibiotic resistance genes. This study investigates the intestinal microbiota of two insectivorous bat species, and , at the Rostov Bat Rehabilitation Center in Southern Russia using whole metagenome shotgun sequencing. We analyzed taxonomic composition, functional pathways, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors.

Effect of a 6-Month Functional Food Intervention on the Microbiota of Stunted Children in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia-A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Parallel Trial.

We have previously shown a difference between the gut microbiota composition of stunted and non-stunted children in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The current study aimed to perform an intervention with a probiotic, IS-10506, and its UHT-treated postbiotic compared to placebo in order to accomplish catch-up growth in the stunted children, possibly through modulation of the gut microbiota. Apart from the maltodextrin (placebo), probiotic, and postbiotic in chocolate milk, all groups also received a functional and nutritional biscuit and had access to newly constructed water wells as well as soap to improve hygiene.

Distinct gut microbiota and metabolome features of tissue-specific insulin resistance in overweight and obesity.

Insulin resistance (IR) is an early marker of cardiometabolic deterioration which may develop heterogeneously in key metabolic organs, including the liver (LIR) and skeletal muscle (MIR). This tissue-specific IR is characterized by distinct metabolic signatures, but the role of the gut microbiota in its etiology remains unclear. Here, we profiled the gut microbiota, its metabolites and the plasma metabolome in individuals with either a LIR or MIR phenotype ( = 233).

Specific dietary fibers steer toward distal colonic saccharolytic fermentation using the microbiota of individuals with overweight/obesity.

Background: Evidence suggests that increased distal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production beneficially impacts metabolic health. However, indigestible carbohydrate availability is limited in the distal colon; consequently, microbes shift toward protein fermentation, often linked to adverse metabolic health effects. We aimed to identify specific fiber(s) that promote saccharolytic fermentation in the distal colon and thereby may (partially) inhibit proteolytic fermentation.

Assessing the potential for non-digestible carbohydrates toward mitigating adverse effects of antibiotics on microbiota composition and activity in an in vitro colon model of the weaning infant.

Environmental factors like diet and antibiotics modulate the gut microbiota in early life. During weaning, gut microbiota progressively diversifies through exposure to non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) from diet, while antibiotic perturbations might disrupt this process. Supplementing an infant's diet with prebiotic NDCs may mitigate the adverse effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota development.

DSM 32963 Enhances Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator Production from an -3 PUFA Salt in a Dynamic Model of the Human Intestine.

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFA) have been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and their effects are potentiated upon conversion to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). Recent studies indicated that the probiotic bacterial strain DSM 32963 can be used to enhance the production of SPM and its precursors in vivo.

Methods: Here, we explored the contribution of DSM 32963 to SPM production in a validated, dynamic model of the upper and lower intestine.

Changes in energy homeostasis, gut peptides, and gut microbiota in Emiratis with obesity after bariatric surgery.

Background: Obesity is a growing health concern worldwide, including United Arab Emirates. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option, with to date unclear weight loss mechanisms. In this prospective study, we explored post-bariatric surgery changes in energy homeostasis, gut peptides, hormones, and gut microbiota.

Differences in gut microbiota composition, diversity, and predicted functional activity between wild and captive zoo Carollia perspicillata in a One Health perspective.

Bats play an important role in global microbial ecology, as they are the host of various microbes. Carollia perspicillata is one of the most popular bat species in zoos. The influence of the captive environment on the gut microbiota of this species is underinvestigated.

Seeding and feeding milestones: the role of human milk microbes and oligosaccharides in the temporal development of infant gut microbiota.

Breastfeeding represents a strong selective factor for shaping the infant gut microbiota. Besides providing nutritional requirements for the infant, human milk is a key source of oligosaccharides, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and diverse microbes in early life. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of human milk microbiota and oligosaccharides on the composition of infant faecal microbiota at one, three, and nine months postpartum.

Unlocking the potential of fermented beetroot ketchup: Enhancing polyphenol recovery and gut microbiota interactions.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of digestion and gut microbiota interactions on beetroot ketchup formulations, focusing on the release of polyphenols, bioaccessibility, and microbial interactions on gut microbiota with polyphenols. Tested ketchup samples were evaluated using the TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model 1 (TIM-1) simulated upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and the TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model 2 (TIM-2) simulated colon system. The results showed that fermentation of ketchup with Lactobacillus johnsonii K4, increased the release of bioactive compounds during digestion, with higher polyphenol recoveries observed in fermented samples.

Modulation of Poultry Cecal Microbiota by a Phytogenic Blend and High Concentrations of Casein in a Validated In Vitro Cecal Chicken Alimentary Tract Model.

Phytogenic blends (PBs) consist of various bioactive plant-derived compounds that are used as growth promoters for farm animals. Feed additives based on PBs have beneficial effects on farm animals' production performance, health, and overall well-being, as well as positive modulating effects on gut microbiota. In this study, we used a validated in vitro cecal chicken alimentary tract model (CALIMERO-2) to evaluate the effects of a PB (a mix of components found in rosemary, cinnamon, curcuma, oregano oil, and red pepper), alone or in combination with casein (control), on poultry cecal microbiota.

Examination of sex-specific interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism after 12-week combined polyphenol supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Polyphenols exert beneficial effects on host metabolism, which may be mediated by the gut microbiota. We investigated sex-specific differences in microbiota composition and interactions with cardiometabolic parameters after polyphenol supplementation in individuals with overweight/obesity. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 19 women and 18 men with normal glucose tolerance and body mass index >25 kg/m received epigallocatechin-3-gallate and resveratrol (EGCG+RES, 282 + 80 mg/d) or placebo supplements for 12 weeks.

Gut microbiota modulatory capacity of fermented ketchup in a validated in vitro model of the colon.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented beetroot ketchup enriched with Lactobacillus johnsonii K4 and non-fermented beetroot ketchup on pooled fecal microbiota from healthy adults in in vitro colon model. The research focused on how these products influenced the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota, as well as metabolite production, using the validated dynamic in vitro colon model, TNO Intestinal Model (TIM-2). After an initial starvation phase, a single 60 g dose of predigested and freeze-dried ketchup was introduced into the model.

Analyzing the gut microbiota and microbial-associated metabolites of tomato-based sauces.

Red Cooked Sauce (RCS) and Red Raw Sauce (RRS) are a mixture of natural crops that have a promising content of bioactive compounds (BC). The aim was to determine the effect of the indigestible fraction (IF) during the colonic fermentation in RCS and RRS by studying the two-way relationship between gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolites produced from BC fermented in the TNO in vitro dynamic model of the human colon (TIM-2). Total BC in undigested and predigested RRS, 957 and 715 mg/100 g DW, respectively, was significantly higher (p < 0.

Glycation reactions of methylglyoxal during digestion in a dynamic, in vitro model of the upper gastrointestinal tract (TIM-1).

The 1,2-dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO) can react with and thereby impair the function of proteins and DNA, leading to pathophysiological pathways in vivo. However, studies on the bioavailability of dietary MGO and its reactions during digestion have diverging results. Therefore, simulated digestion experiments of MGO, protein, and creatine were performed in the dynamic, in vitro model of the upper gastrointestinal tract (TIM-1).

Modulation of human gut microbiota by linear and branched fructooligosaccharides in an in vitro colon model (TIM-2).

Aims: This study aimed to compare the effects of linear and branched fructooligosaccharides (FOS) extracted from chicory and grass (Lolium perenne), respectively on human microbiota composition, diversity, and metabolism.

Methods And Results: To test the effects of linear and branched FOS on human microbiota we used the artificial in vitro human colon model (TIM-2). Microbiota composition and diversity were assessed by V3-V4 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing, followed by differential taxa abundance and alpha/beta diversity analyses.

Assessment of protein and phospholipid bioaccessibility in ultrafiltered buttermilk cheese using TIM-1 in vitro gastrointestinal methods.

To meet the high consumer demand, butter production has increased over the last few years. As a result, the buttermilk (BM) co-produced volumes require new ways of adding value, such as in cheese manufacturing. However, BM use in cheese milk negatively influences the cheesemaking process (e.

Prebiotic fibre mixtures counteract the manifestation of gut microbial dysbiosis induced by the chemotherapeutic 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in a validated in vitro model of the colon.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used as an antineoplastic agent in distinct cancer types. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota might modulate 5-FU efficacy and toxicity, potentially affecting the patient's prognosis. The current experimental study investigated 5-FU-induced microbiota alterations, as well as the potential of prebiotic fibre mixtures (M1-M4) to counteract these shifts.

Gut microbiota differences in stunted and normal-lenght children aged 36-45 months in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

The role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism of the host has been established, both in overweight/obesity, as well as in undernutrition/stunting. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may predispose to stunting. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota composition of stunted Indonesian children and non-stunted children between 36 and 45 months from two sites on the East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) islands.

Gut Microbiota Composition of Insectivorous Synanthropic and Fructivorous Zoo Bats: A Direct Metagenomic Comparison.

Bats are natural reservoirs for many emerging viral diseases. That is why their virome is widely studied. But at the same time, studies of their bacterial gut microbiota are limited, creating a degree of uncertainty about the role of bats in global microbial ecology.

Modulation of Swine Gut Microbiota by Phytogenic Blends and High Concentrations of Casein in a Validated Swine Large Intestinal In Vitro Model.

Phytogenic feed additives are gaining popularity in livestock as a replacement for antibiotic growth promotors. Some phytogenic blends (PB) positively affect the production performance, inhibit pathogens within the gut microbiota, and improve the overall health of farm animals. In this study, a swine large intestine in vitro model was used to evaluate the effect of two PBs, alone or in combination with casein, on swine gut microbiota.