Trend of immunization & gap in vaccine doses as observed in National Family Health Survey rounds in India.

Background & objectives Immunization is an efficient and cost-effective way of lowering the infectious disease related morbidity and mortality in the community. The current study reviewed the trend of immunization, gaps in doses of vaccine given at the same time and gaps between the doses of same vaccine from National Family Health Survey (NFHS 1-5) rounds. Methods The current study extracted data from all five NFHS rounds conducted from 1992-93 to 2019-21.

Noticing health warning labels and intentions to quit smokeless tobacco products: results from two Global Adult Tobacco Survey rounds, India.

Introduction: Health warning labels (HWLs) are one of the key strategies for tobacco control. The current study assessed the individual characteristics affecting the noticeability of HWLs and the thought of quitting smokeless tobacco (SLT) on noticing HWLs. We further estimated the temporal changes in noticeability and thought of quitting after noticing HWLs over time in India.

Effect of health promotion interventions on small portion size consumption behavior among college students.

Background: Large food portion size is contributing toward overweight and obesity rates and has been found directly proportional to increase in portion size.

Objectives: The study was done to see the effect of health promotion intervention on small portion size consumption behavior using multitheory model (MTM).

Materials And Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among students of age groups 18 - 21 years in two different colleges from North India between 2019 to 2020.

Trends and determinants of tobacco use initiation in India: analysis of two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey.

Objectives: Early initiation of tobacco use can lead to lifelong addiction and increases tobacco-attributable morbidity and mortality. This study assesses trends in tobacco use initiation and factors associated with tobacco use initiation using disaggregated data from two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey India (GATS; 2009-2010 (GATS 1) and 2016-2017 (GATS 2)).

Design: Secondary analysis of repeated cross-sectional studies.

Effect of tobacco taxation on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths in India.

Background: Higher taxes are the single most effective way to encourage tobacco users to quit tobacco use and prevent youth from initiation.

Objectives: The present study aims to estimate the effect of raising the tax on smoked tobacco products on its consumption and smoking-attributable deaths in India.

Materials And Methods: A mathematical model was developed which used the projected population of India, taxation rates on smoked tobacco products, smoking prevalence, and price elasticity of demand of cigarette and bidi from 2017 to 2025.

Frequency, outcomes, and need for intervention in stricturing gastrointestinal tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Gastrointestinal strictures impact clinical presentation in abdominal tuberculosis and are associated with significant morbidity.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review of the prevalence of stricturing disease in abdominal and gastrointestinal tuberculosis and response to antitubercular therapy (ATT).

Methods: We searched Pubmed and Embase on 13th January 2022, for papers reporting on the frequency and outcomes of stricturing gastrointestinal tuberculosis.

Predictors of COVID-19 positivity among patients presenting to screening clinic in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital, in chandigarh, India - A cross-sectional study.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features of patients attending the screening clinic of a dedicated COVID-19 hospital (DCH), including COVID-19 RT-PCR test positivity rate, symptom predictors for COVID-19 positivity, the proportion of recovery, and the mortality among COVID-19 positive cases.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of the patients who reported in the screening clinic of a DCH. Data were retrieved from medical records.

Nosocomial Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a Non-COVID Zone of a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India: Need to Upgrade Infection Control Practices.

Background: Hospital acquired infections are preventable cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the current pandemic era proper implementation of infection control measures can prevent the spread of such infections including SARS-CoV 2. The study was done to identified the source and reason for spread of COVID-19 infection and devise recommendations to halt the progress of infection in a non-COVID area.

Measuring antibody titres following rabies postexposure prophylaxis in immunosuppressed patients: a norm rather than the exception.

We present a case of a 51-year-old immunosuppressed man with underlying chronic lymphoproliferative leukaemia (CLL), who presented to us in emergency with breathlessness, hydrophobia, anxiety and restlessness. He had a history of category 3 dog bite 2 months ago and had received a full course of rabies immunoglobulin and antirabies vaccine (ARV) as per the national schedule. As there were frank clinical reports of rabies, the patient was managed according to Milwaukee regimen.

An analysis of affordability of cigarettes and bidis in India.

Background: Easy affordability of tobacco products is one of the reasons for increased tobacco consumption. The study attempts to project the affordability of cigarettes and bidis from 2017 to 2025 in India.

Methods: The affordability was measured in terms of Relative Income Price (RIP) and the price of smoked tobacco products.

The impact of working in a COVID hospital on sexual functioning in male nurses: A study from North India.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to almost all the countries and regions in the world. The fear of getting infected while serving COVID patients and the stress due to separation from family during the quarantine period may impact over sexual functioning of healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methodology: The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee.

A study of emotional states in candidates undergoing the diagnostic process for COVID-19.

Background: Waiting for results is often associated with a state of anxiety and restlessness. The current study is intended to study the emotional state of people waiting for their results after undergoing COVID-19 testing.

Methods: A descriptive study was done among 140 participants enrolled by simple random technique over a period of 1 month in May 2020.

Factors leading to neonatal mortality due to neonatal purpura fulminans through the lens of a child death review.

A case of neonatal death due to neonatal purpura fulminans (NPF) was brought to community physicians' notice by the auxiliary nurse midwife in her catchment area as part of the routine demographic health surveillance. The community physician then conducted the child death review in the community. The neonate was born out of consanguineous marriage (mother married to her first-degree maternal cousin) with spontaneous conception.

Implementation status of national airborne infection control guidelines in the health care facilities of a North Indian State: A mixed method study.

Objective: Healthcare-acquired infection (HCAIs), have become a significant cause of morbidity as well as mortality among the hospitalized patients and health care workers. The implementation of air-borne infection control measures play an important role in prevention of health care acquired infections (HCAIs). Hence, this study was planned to assess the implementation status of National Airborne Infection Control Guidelines in the health care settings of a North Indian State.

Perceived effect of increased pricing on smoked tobacco products quit rates: A cross-sectional study in a block of Haryana.

Background: The price of cigarettes and bidis is known to be related to the cessation of these products.

Objective: To assess the perception of smokers about their quitting behavior on price increase in smoke tobacco product.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study among people who were 18 years of age and above was conducted in 2017 among 277 participants in Haryana.

Assessment of Potential Risk Factors for 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) Infection among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, North India.

Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are at the forefront to fight against COVID-19 pandemic. They are at more risk of contracting the infection. This study was planned to assess potential risk factors of 2019-novel coronavirus infection among HCWs working in a health facility and to evaluate the effectiveness of infection prevention and control measures among them.

Superspreaders: A Lurking Danger in the Community.

A "superspreader" refers to an unusually contagious organism infected with a disease. With respect to a human borne illnesses, a superspreader is someone who is more likely to infect other humans when compared to a typically infected person. The existence of human superspreaders is deeply entrenched in history; the most famous case being that of Typhoid Mary.

Assessment of patient's satisfaction visiting a tertiary health care institute in north India.

Background: Patient satisfaction is pertinent for measuring the performance of health-care service delivery, which is a multidimensional construct that depends on many factors. The main objective of this study was to assess the satisfaction of patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Haryana.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the outpatient department (OPD) and inpatient department (IPD) of the hospital from January to March 2019.

Knowledge and Attitude Toward Corneal Donation Among High School Children in Northern India.

Purpose: To assess the knowledge and attitude of school-going adolescents regarding corneal donation in government and private schools in an urban area of Northern India.

Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban field practice area of Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India. A total of 365 participants of the seventh to 10th grade were enrolled from a government school and a private school.