Overexpression of efflux pump and biofilm associated genes in itraconazole resistant Candida albicans isolates causing onychomycosis.

Candida onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection where treatment efficacy can be compromised by antifungal resistance. This study investigates the role of efflux pump genes (CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1) and biofilm-associated genes (ALS1, ALS3) in Candida albicans isolates classified as resistant to itraconazole from patients with onychomycosis. Ten itraconazole-resistant and 10 sensitive isolates were collected for efflux pump and biofilm-associated gene expression analysis by Real-Time PCR methods.

Beyond the usual suspects: A case report of multi-etiological and multidrug-resistant Candida onychomycosis.

This is a rare case of Candida onychomycosis caused by three Candida species that were resistant to several antifungal drugs. A 56-year-old Iranian woman with no previous medical or injury history experienced discoloration and lifting of her left thumbnail for six months. Laboratory tests identified yeast and pseudohyphae consistent with Candida onychomycosis.

Molecular identification of yeast communities isolated from nail specimens by PCR-RFLP and PCR-FSP methods.

Background And Purpose: Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection that affects the nails, caused by various fungal agents. Moreover, yeast onychomycosis has increased in recent years. Yeast isolates might not be identified at the species level by conventional methods, whereas molecular methods can identify yeast isolates more accurately.

Molecular characterization of non- yeast communities isolated from trees.

Background And Purpose: Plants are crucial habitats for fungus communities as they provide an appropriate physical environment for the growth and reproduction of the yeast microbiome. Varieties of pathogenic and non-pathogenic yeast could be found in trees. Although species are the most common pathogenic yeasts associated with trees, other yeasts also grow on trees and are critical to human health.

Exploring the anti-biofilm and gene regulatory effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on Candida albicans.

Researchers have repurposed several existing anti-inflammatory drugs as potential antifungal agents in recent years. So, this study aimed to investigate the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on the growth, biofilm formation, and expression of genes related to morphogenesis and pathogenesis in Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of anti-inflammatory drugs was assessed using the broth microdilution method.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of colonization and infection by yeast species in solid organ transplant recipients: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of isolates.

Fungal infections are serious complications after solid organ transplantation, with high mortality and morbidity. Given the importance of the local epidemiological data and also extensive prophylactic regimens in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, this study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and resistance patterns of yeast isolates in SOT recipients at a main referral transplant center in Iran. Of the 275 recipients enrolled, 22 (8%) had at least one positive yeast culture at a median of 5 days after transplantation.

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida involvement in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: A cross-sectional study from a single transplant center.

The epidemiology and resistance patterns of Candida infections in pediatric kidney/liver recipients has not been well characterized, recently. In this study, all patients ≤ 18 years old who underwent liver/kidney transplant surgery between September 2021 and 2022 were included. Species identification of isolates recovered from clinical specimens was performed by DNA-sequencing method following amplification of the ITS1-5.

Evaluation of exoenzyme profiles of species isolated from females with vaginal candidiasis.

Background And Purpose: The three most common causes of vaginitis are bacteria, yeast, and Protozoa. is one of the most common causes of vaginitis and commonly affects millions of females with different signs and symptoms. Secretion of exoenzymes from species plays an important role in virulence and pathogenesis.

Vitamin D: A promising antifungal and antibiofilm agent against species.

Background And Purpose: species are opportunistic fungal pathogens that cause mild to life-threatening infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised populations. The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant species has posed a significant challenge to the management of infections in clinical settings. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the direct antifungal and antibiofilm effect of vitamin D against species.

Evaluation of building washing machines as an extreme environment for potentially pathogenic fungi.

Washing machines are commonly used in households and are considered indispensable appliances for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene. Environmental conditions within household washing machines are ideal for fungal colonization, which may pose risks to human health and contribute to sick building syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the fungal species contamination in the building washing machines.

Accompanying a semi-nested PCR assay to support histopathology findings of fungal keratitis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded corneal samples.

Background: Fungal species are responsible for 40%-50% of all microbial keratitis cases. Due to the low amount of extracted DNA in ocular Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, selecting a reliable molecular method is a substantial issue in this field.

Methods: Sixty-six samples were collected via the penetrating keratoplasty (PK) technique.

Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Amphotericin B: Synthesis, properties and potentiation of antifungal activity against common human pathogenic fungal strains.

Amphotericin B has long been regarded as the gold standard for treating invasive fungal infections despite its toxic potential. The main objective of this research was to develop a novel IONPs@CS-AmB formulation in a cost-effective manner in order to enhance AmB delivery performance, with lowering the drug's dose and adverse effects. The chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs@CS) were synthesized afterward, AmB-loaded IONPs@CS (IONPs@CS-AmB) prepared and characterized by AFM, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and XRD.

COVID-19-associated facial cutaneous mucormycosis superinfection: A potentially life-threatening disease.

A 49-year-old male was involved in an accident and an abdominal computer tomographic examination revealed papillary renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney. During hospitalization, the patient was infected with COVID-19. In the following COVID-19 treatment, a black dot developed on the right side of the head and face.

Evaluating the Typing Power of Six Isoenzymatic Systems for Differentiation of Clinical and Standard Isolates of Candida Species.

Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of candidiasis, early detection of the causative agents may pave the way for the management of this infection. The present study aimed to assess the discriminative power of the six isoenzymatic systems for differentiating the species.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen standard and strains and 30 fluconazole-sensitive and fluconazole-resistant clinical strains of were analyzed using a Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) method, including six enzymatic systems consisting of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and malic enzyme (ME).

Molecular identification of species isolated from neonates hospitalized in Neonatal intensive care units and their mothers.

Background And Purpose: Given the important role of spp. in skin diseases and other associated infections in neonates, this study aimed to investigate the presence and frequency of spp. in the skin of neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units and their mothers using culture and accurate molecular-based methods.

Molecular characterization and antifungal activity against non-dermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that caused by different types of fungi. Non-dermatophyte molds are a large saprophytic fungi group that live in nature and could affect traumatic nails. The aim of this study was to identify non-dermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis and evaluation of several antifungal activities against the isolates.

Evaluation of fungal contamination and ochratoxin A detection in different types of coffee by HPLC-based method.

Background: Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are produced by some toxigenic fungi on foodstuffs which are poisoning and potentiate for human's health hazards. In coffee samples, ochratoxin A and fungal contamination were examined.

Methods: Immunoaffinity columns were used for treating of all 50 samples from four types of coffee, after that high-performance liquid chromatography was used for determining the amount of ochratoxin.

Burden of Transport-Related Injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Background: Transport-related injuries (TIs) are a substantial public health concern for all regions of the world. The present study quantified the burden of TIs and deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) in 2017 by sex and age.

Methods: TIs and deaths were estimated by age, sex, country, and year using Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) and DisMod-MR 2.

Potential Pathogenicity of Species Isolated from Oral Cavity of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: In the recent decade, the increased immunocompromised population such as diabetic patients makes a high incidence of invasive infections. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder, and diabetic patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis infection. Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by many species of .