Efficacy of computerized cognitive training using mobile devices to promote cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older adults with or without risk of mild cognitive impairment: A multi-centre longitudinal study.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of a 5-month computerized cognitive training programme (CCT) "Exercise your Brain" using mobile devices in improving cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older adults with and without risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: One hundred thirty-four older adults were recruited from 5-day activity centres for the older adults in Hong Kong using convenience sampling to participate in a 5-month CCT training. Participants were stratified into older adults with and without risk of MCI.

Automated Video Quality Assessment for the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS).

This research addresses critical challenges in clinical gait analysis by developing an automated video quality assessment framework to support Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) scoring. The proposed methodology uses the MoveNet Lightning pose estimation model to extract body keypoints from video frames, enabling detection of multiple persons, tracking the person of interest, assessment of plane orientation, identification of overlapping individuals, detection of zoom artifacts, and evaluation of video resolution. These components are integrated into a unified quality classification system using a random forest classifier.

Collective migration modes in development, tissue repair and cancer.

Migrating cells have key functions in shaping tissues during development, repairing tissues after development and supporting cancer invasion and metastasis. In all these contexts, cells often maintain contact with their neighbours and move as a group, in a process termed collective migration. In this Review, we describe the elegant mechanisms used by collectively migrating cells in vivo to coordinate their movements and obtain directional information.

Clinicopathologic Features, Management, and Outcomes Of Pediatric CRTC1::TRIM11 and MED15::ATF1 Tumors With Spitzoid Morphology: A Case Series.

Limited information is available on the clinicopathologic features and management of pediatric CRTC1::TRIM11 (CTRTs) and MED15::ATF1-rearranged tumors (MARTs). In this series of pediatric CTRTs (n = 5) and MARTs (n = 2), all tumors exhibited spitzoid morphology and expressed melanocytic markers. Metastatic progression occurred in one CTRT and two MARTs: all three received immunotherapy, resulting in disease control in two patients and one death due to progressive disease.

Understanding Pediatric Clinical Scaphoid Injuries: A Prospective Radiological Study.

Controversy exists in the management of children presenting with clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture but normal radiographs. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the potential role for advanced imaging in children with suspected scaphoid fractures. Participants with clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture but 2 sets of radiographs negative for fracture were casted and underwent both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Buddy Taping as a Treatment Option for Salter-Harris II and Juxta-Physeal Fractures of the Proximal and Middle Phalanx: A Systematic Review.

Salter-Harris II (SH2) proximal/middle phalanx fractures are common injuries in children and heal well with immobilization. We conducted a systematic review of nonsurgical treatments for SH2 proximal/middle phalanx fractures. The constructed search strategy used descriptors that included synonyms for "phalanx fracture," "proximal/middle phalanx," and "fracture treatment.

Examination of Plastic Surgery Clinical Questions and Responses via an Electronic Consultation (eConsult) Service.

Average wait times for plastic surgery depend on priority, but access to specialist consultation can be upwards of 1-2 years for elective referrals. The Champlain eConsult BASE™ system was developed in 2010 and is a PHIPA-compliant system that allows primary care providers to electronically send specialists questions about specific patients, potentially avoiding the need for a formal in-person consultation. Electronic Consults (eConsults) through the Champlain eConsult BASE™ system to plastic surgery from January 2021 to December 2022 were assessed by 2 reviewers.

Radiological Diagnosis of Suspected Scaphoid Fractures in Children: A Systematic Review.

Children presenting with suspicion of a scaphoid fracture pose a diagnostic challenge. Several imaging modalities such as plain radiograph (XR), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been previously described. Timely and accurate diagnosis is important to avoid overtreatment, and complications, and allow for an earlier return to activity.

Automated Assessment of Upper Extremity Function with the Modified Mallet Score Using Single-Plane Smartphone Videos.

The Modified Mallet Score (MMS) is widely used to assess upper limb function but requires evaluation by experienced clinicians. This study automated MMS assessments using smartphone videos, artificial intelligence (AI), and new algorithms. A total of 125 videos covering all MMS grades were recorded from four neurotypical participants.

The Calgary Kids' Hand Rule: External Validation of a Prediction Model to Triage Pediatric Hand Fractures.

The Calgary Kids' Hand Rule (CKHR) is a clinical prediction rule intended to guide referral decisions for pediatric hand fractures presenting to the emergency department, identifying "complex" fractures that require surgical referral and optimizing care through better matching of patients' needs to provider expertise. The objective of this study was to externally validate the CKHR in two different tertiary pediatric hospitals in Canada. We partnered with British Columbia Children's Hospital (BCCH) and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) to externally validate the CKHR using data from retrospective cohorts of pediatric hand fractures (via electronic medical record and x-ray review).

Streamlining the Management of Children with Simple Hand Injuries.

Hand injuries are common in children. Most simple pediatric hand fractures do not require surgery and can be treated with protective immobilization, yielding good outcomes. A recent institutional audit revealed significant practice variation in managing these children with many being overtreated with unnecessary follow-up visits.

Beware the Boxer's Fracture Imposter: Where Does the Metaphysis End and the Diaphysis Begin?

Fractures of the fifth metacarpal are a common injury. In children, they are often stable and heal uneventfully, including after closed reduction. Fractures of the metacarpal diaphysis, conversely, tend to be unstable and may require surgical intervention.

Inter-Rater and Intrarater Reliability of Radiographs in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Scaphoid Fractures.

Background: Pediatric scaphoid fractures can be challenging to diagnose on plain radiograph. Rates of missed scaphoid fractures can be as high as 30% to 37% on initial imaging and overall sensitivity ranging from 21% to 97%. Few studies, however, have examined the reliability of radiographs in the diagnosis of scaphoid fractures, and none are specific to the pediatric population.

Probing the Architecture of Multisubunit Protein Complexes with In-line Disulfide Reduction and Native MS Analysis.

Native mass spectrometry (MS) continues to enjoy growing popularity as a means of providing a wealth of information on noncovalent biopolymer assemblies ranging from composition and binding stoichiometry to characterization of the topology of these assemblies. The latter frequently relies on supplementing MS measurements with limited fragmentation of the noncovalent complexes in the gas phase to identify the pairs of neighboring subunits. While this approach has met with much success in the past two decades, its implementation remains difficult (and the success record relatively modest) within one class of noncovalent assemblies: protein complexes in which at least one binding partner has multiple subunits cross-linked by disulfide bonds.

Effect of vertical central plication on vertical deviations.

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical effect of the Wright central plication on vertical rectus muscles to correct vertical strabismus.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective, observational outcomes study, data were collected from two surgeons in different practice settings (2017-22). All patients who underwent vertical rectus central plication were included; those undergoing any concurrent strabismus surgery for vertical strabismus were excluded.

Presence of anomalous flexor carpi radialis brevis (FCRB) in Madelung's deformity.

An anomalous flexor carpi radialis brevis (FCRB) muscle was present in four of nine patients undergoing surgery for Madelung's deformity. This disproportionately frequent finding suggests an embryologic dysgenesis of forearm formation rather than a developmental tethering of Vicker's ligament. IV (case series).

Tone management: An environmental scan of current management practices across Canada.

Background: Currently, there are no standardized approaches to care or evaluation for tone dysfunction in Canada. The study authors hypothesize that there is significant practice variation across the country. This environmental scan is aimed to describe the current practice for management of paediatric patients with hypertonia across Canada.

Coronary Artery Disease Risk Prediction in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis: Development and Validation of the Aortic Stenosis-Coronary Artery Disease (AS-CAD) Score.

Patients at a low risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) could be triaged to noninvasive coronary computed tomography angiogram instead of invasive coronary angiography, reducing health care costs and patient morbidity. Therefore, we aimed to develop a CAD risk prediction score to identify those who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) at a low risk of CAD. We enrolled 1,782 patients who underwent TAVI and randomized the patients to the derivation or validation cohort 2:1.

Automated Implementation of the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) Using OpenPose and Handheld Smartphone Video.

Recent advancements in computing and artificial intelligence (AI) make it possible to quantitatively evaluate human movement using digital video, thereby opening the possibility of more accessible gait analysis. The Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) is an effective tool for observational gait analysis, but human scoring of videos can take over 20 min and requires experienced observers. This research developed an algorithmic implementation of the EVGS from handheld smartphone video to enable automatic scoring.

Metastasis from the tumor interior and necrotic core formation are regulated by breast cancer-derived angiopoietin-like 7.

Necrosis in the tumor interior is a common feature of aggressive cancers that is associated with poor clinical prognosis and the development of metastasis. How the necrotic core promotes metastasis remains unclear. Here, we report that emergence of necrosis inside the tumor is correlated temporally with increased tumor dissemination in a rat breast cancer model and in human breast cancer patients.

Multidisciplinary Practice Variations of Anti-Thrombotic Strategies for Free Tissue Transfers.

Venous thrombosis, the leading cause of free flap failure, may have devastating consequences. Many anti-thrombotic agents and protocols have been described for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis in free flaps. National surveys were distributed to microsurgeons (of both Plastics and ENT training) and hematology and thrombosis specialists.

Orchestration of Collective Migration and Metastasis by Tumor Cell Clusters.

Metastatic dissemination has lethal consequences for cancer patients. Accruing evidence supports the hypothesis that tumor cells can migrate and metastasize as clusters of cells while maintaining contacts with one another. Collective metastasis enables tumor cells to colonize secondary sites more efficiently, resist cell death, and evade the immune system.

The Genetics of Early-Stage Melanoma in a Veteran Population.

To improve understanding of the genetic signature of early-stage melanomas in Veterans, hotspot mutation profiling using next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on melanoma tissue samples from patients at the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Genetic analysis identified BRAF (36.3%), TP53 (25.