Dopaminergic Homeostatic Therapy (DHT) as a Putative Anti-Addiction Seeking Intervention and Early Identification of Genetic Preaddiction with Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Screening.

In spite of the ongoing exquisite work of a multitude of researchers worldwide including governmental institutions like the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and for example in the United States the FDA Medication Assisted Therapy (MAT) embracing Opioid Replacement Therapy (ORT) in 2022, 111,000 people prematurely died from opioid induced overdose. It is estimated that if treatment stays as usual by 2025 the death rate will increase to 165,00.Therefore, we are encouraging the scientific and clinical community to at least consider our "out of the box" thinking whereby we are proposing a new paradigm shift involving the " dopaminergic homeostatic modeling approach and Genetic screening to early identify preaddiction.

Theorizing The Role of Gama Type Endorphins in Schizophrenia and Alcoholism: Promoting Genetic Testing and Attempts at Inducing "Dopamine Homeostasis".

We examine the relationship between substance use disorder (SUD) and schizophrenia, emphasizing the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission and genetic predispositions within the context of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Our hypothesis posits that a deficiency in gamma-type endorphins leads to persistent hyperdopaminergic activity, amplifying schizophrenia-related symptoms such as hallucinations. Thus, alcohol use may function as a physiological self-healing mechanism by increasing gamma-endorphin levels, thereby mitigating dopaminergic hyperactivity.

Is It Scientifically Possible To 'Cure" Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Via Transplice Molecular Genetic Technology?

In 1995, Kenneth Blum coined the term "Reward Deficiency Syndrome'(RDS) to provide the mental health field with an umbrella term expressing a dissatisfaction of everyday experiences due to a dysregulation of dopaminergic dysregulation especially the DRD2 Taq A1 polymorphism presenting with up to a 40% reduction of D2 receptors in brain tissue with two copies. While the concept of RDS as the actual real umbrella of all mental illness unlike the current DSM-V (the brain is not carved out as portrayed by this important psychiatric manual) awaits further intensive research. In fact, Steven Hyman (former director of NIMH) suggests otherwise and has urged for research related to etiological causes instead to help explain the failings of mental health.

Personality-based intergenerational effects of prenatal THC exposure in an inherited mouse model of social dominance and submissiveness.

This study examines how stress-coping phenotypes influence the effect of prenatal [Formula: see text]-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure (PTE) on selectively bred Dominant (Dom) and Submissive (Sub) mice offspring exhibiting stress resilience and vulnerability, respectively. Pregnant Dom and Sub dams of generation 54 received THC (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on gestation days 13, 15, and 17. Our findings indicate that PTE significantly reduced body weight (measured at postnatal day (PND) 7 and 30), increased anxiety-like behaviors in two-month-old Dom offspring, and enhanced sociability and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in Sub offspring.

Exploring dopamine as the master regulator of brain circuitry and mental health genome.

Artificially increasing dopamine transmission is the common mechanism by which substances with addictive potential lead to addiction. A key area of research in neurobiology is the role of dopamine. Significant advancements have been made in uncovering the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate both dopamine's immediate effects and its long-term influence on brain function.

A GWAS Meta-meta-analysis and In-depth Silico Pharmacogenomic Investigations in Identification of APOE and Other Genes Associated with Pain, Anti-inflammatory, and Immunomodulating Agents in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Derived from 14.91 M Subjects.

This study aimed to integrate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with pharmacogenomics data to develop personalized pain and inflammatory therapeutics. Despite recent developments in the clinical utilities of pharmacogenomics, it needs more investigations for uncovering the complicated mechanisms of drugs from a genetic standpoint. The research addresses the increasing misuse of opioids during recovery, emphasizing personalized interventions for opioid use disorder (OUD).

GLP-1 and Its Role in Glycogen Production: A Narrative Review.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has emerged as a pivotal regulator in the management of glucose homeostasis, glycogen metabolism, and energy balance, positioning it as a critical therapeutic target for addressing obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown promise for improving glycemic control and reducing weight through appetite regulation, delayed gastric emptying, and energy expenditure modulation. This narrative review explores the mechanisms of GLP-1-mediated glycogen metabolism and energy expenditure, particularly in key tissues-pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue.

Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Inflammaging in the Management of Spine Pain: The Case for Genetically Directed Dopamine Homeostasis.

Background: The management of spine-related pain with narcotics, both before and after surgery, poses major challenges, including drug diversion, limited effectiveness, and worsening of pain symptoms over time. Chronic opioid use is associated with hypodopaminergia-induced hyperalgesia, whereby dopamine depletion increases pain sensitivity. Patients with inherently low dopaminergic function are particularly predisposed to hyperalgesia and reduced pain tolerance.

Seeking Satisfaction Among Israeli Young Adults: The Roles of Gratification, Compensation, Reward Deficiency Syndrome, and Compulsivity in Relation to Addictive Behaviors.

Background And Aims: Behavioral addictions, such as problematic use of social media, gaming disorder, gambling disorder, and compulsive buying-shopping disorder, are increasingly common among young adults worldwide. The aim of the present study was to identify distinctive factors of these behavioral addictions, focusing on gratification and compensation, reward deficiency syndrome, and compulsivity among young adults.

Methods: The sample comprised 1459 Jewish Israeli young adults from the general community (36% male, 64% female; aged 19-27 years).

Exercise Leads to Brain Glucose Metabolism Activation, Increased Dopamine D1 Receptor Levels and is Negatively Correlated with Social Behavior.

Background: Exercise enhances overall health, playing an important role in protecting against diseases that impact brain function. Studies show that physical activity influences several key biological processes, including dopamine signaling, brain glucose metabolism (BGluM), and social behavior.

Methods: Male sedentary and chronic exercise rats were examined for dopamine signaling and social behavior.

The Role of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins in Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) transport lipids in the brain and may be involved in the course of various neuropsychiatric syndromes, e.g., major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance use disorders (SUDs).

Cocaine self-administration attenuates brain glucose metabolism and functional connectivity in rats.

Background: Cocaine abuse and Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) is an increasingly urgent public health issue leading to major health risks often resulting in a decreased lifespan and quality of life. Previous human research has described brain function of cocaine addicts however the amount of cocaine use, duration of use, and exclusion of using other drugs (i.e.

Utilization of a precision medicine genetic and psychosocial approach in outcome assessment of bariatric weight loss surgery: a narrative review.

The obesity epidemic has become a global public health issue, impacting more than one billion people worldwide. 9% of the US population, or 28.8 million Americans will have an eating disorder in their lifetime.

Psychometric properties of the Reward Deficiency Syndrome Questionnaire among a non-clinical sample and its relationship with the characteristics of potentially addictive behaviors.

Background And Aims: The addiction literature conceptualizes problematic substance use and addictive behaviors (e.g., gambling disorder, gaming disorder) as having shared etiologies and phenomenologies.

A Comprehensive 4-Layered In Silico Pharmacogenomics Analysis of the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Test: Strong Genetic Evidence Supporting GARS as a Novel Personalized Pre-Addiction Assessment Tool in the Opioid Crisis Era.

Background: Overdose involving opioids is the black heart of the addiction crisis. "Pre-addiction," as an encouraging concept by NIDA and NIAAA, seems best captured with the construct of dopamine dysregulation. Referring to the abundant publications on "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS), Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test, RDSQ29, and KB220, Pre-addiction can be referred to as "reward dysregulation" as a suitable suggestion.

Genetic and Regulatory Mechanisms of Comorbidity of Anxiety, Depression and ADHD: A GWAS Meta-Meta-Analysis Through the Lens of a System Biological and Pharmacogenomic Perspective in 18.5 M Subjects.

In the United States, approximately 1 in 5 children experience comorbidities with mental illness, including depression and anxiety, which lead to poor general health outcomes. Adolescents with substance use disorders exhibit high rates of co-occurring mental illness, with over 60% meeting diagnostic criteria for another psychiatric condition in community-based treatment programs. Comorbidities are influenced by both genetic (DNA antecedents) and environmental (epigenetic) factors.

EEG-Spectra-Guided Personalized rTMS in PTSD with Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders: A Case Series.

Personalized repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (PrTMS) offers an individualized approach to neuromodulation through customized treatment protocols. This case series aims to explore therapeutic outcomes of PrTMS in two patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), based on standardized rating scale scores and spectral EEG-guided alpha brainwave activity optimization. Participants diagnosed with PTSD received PrTMS treatments informed by quantitative rating scales and weekly spectral EEG measurements.

High-intensity interval training exercise decreases brain CB1 receptor levels in male and female adult rats.

The numerous health benefits of exercise are well-documented, including its efficacy in treating substance use disorders (SUDs). Several exercise regimens have been proposed; however, the most effective regimen for patients with addiction has yet to be elucidated. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) exhibits considerable potential compared to aerobic and resistance exercise.

Complex NADASE Infusions Improve Clinical Outcome in Substance Use Disorder: Descriptive Annotation in Fifty Cases.

Background: The present study relates to a method to treat and detoxify patients with substance use disorder (SUD) utilizing a series of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and enkephalinase infusions (NADASE) in subjects attending chemical dependency programs.

Objective: The primary objective of the current investigation is to provide some additional clinical evidence to show that NAD+ other amino acids including d-phenylalanine, glycine and ananylglutamine dipeptide and Myer's cocktail (B complex) infusions significantly attenuates substance craving behavior and concomitant psychiatric burden sequalae in poly-drug abusers attending both in-patient and out-patient level of care in a number of chemical dependency programs in orange country.

Methods: At symmetry approximately 1,000 now performed approximately 1,000 infusions on 900 patients without any serious side effects pointing to the safety of this procedure.

Coupling Bio-Resonance Neurotechnology (BRNT) and Dual Hemispheric Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Reduces Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) as Demonstrated by PHQ-9 and GAD-7: Pilot Case Series.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) are prevalent comorbidities related to a greater likelihood of poor treatment outcomes and prolonged treatment for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors. The current exploratory case study of a small cohort (n=3; f=2 m=1) used novel neurotechnology to treat co-occurring MDD and GAD with a multifaceted intervention that combines the novel bio-resonance neurotechnology (BRNT) referred to as NuCalm, to restore autonomic nervous system balance and dual hemispheric repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the ipsilateral Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) to treat the disrupted structural components of the brain. Neuroacoustic brainwave entrainment, electromagnetic frequency bio-resonance, and light-blocking combine to place patients into a parasympathetic dominant state.

EPIC Technique Spinal Procedure Improves Ocular Motion and Dizziness by Resolving Cranial Nerve VI Palsy.

Unlabelled: This case study demonstrates that craniocervical spinal alignment with the EPIC technique spinal procedure appears to have a potential positive impact on ocular function. This paper will report the case of a patient with cranial nerve VI palsy and dizziness, and the clinical improvements following treatment with the soundwave technology of the EPIC technique spinal procedure [1].

Objective: To report the case of a patient with cranial nerve VI (CN VI) palsy and the clinical changes that occurred after receiving treatment using the EPIC (Evolutionary Percussion Instrument Corrections) technique spinal procedure.