Expanded Chinese hamster organ and cell line proteomics profiling reveals tissue-specific functionalities.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant production vehicle for biotherapeutics. Quantitative proteomics data were obtained from two CHO cell lines (CHO-S and CHO DG44) and compared with seven Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary and spleen) by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling followed by mass spectrometry, providing a comprehensive hamster tissue and cell line proteomics atlas. Of the 8470 unique proteins identified, high similarity was observed between CHO-S and CHO DG44 and included increases in proteins involved in DNA replication, cell cycle, RNA processing, and chromosome processing.

A reference genome of the Chinese hamster based on a hybrid assembly strategy.

Accurate and complete genome sequences are essential in biotechnology to facilitate genome-based cell engineering efforts. The current genome assemblies for Cricetulus griseus, the Chinese hamster, are fragmented and replete with gap sequences and misassemblies, consistent with most short-read-based assemblies. Here, we completely resequenced C.

Glycoengineering of Mammalian Expression Systems on a Cellular Level.

Mammalian expression systems such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), mouse myeloma (NS0), and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells serve a critical role in the biotechnology industry as the production host of choice for recombinant protein therapeutics. Most of the recombinant biologics are glycoproteins that contain complex oligosaccharide or glycan attachments representing a principal component of product quality. Both N-glycans and O-glycans are present in these mammalian cells, but the engineering of N-linked glycosylation is of critical interest in industry and many efforts have been directed to improve this pathway.

Karyotype variation of CHO host cell lines over time in culture characterized by chromosome counting and chromosome painting.

Genomic rearrangements are a common phenomenon in rapidly growing cell lines such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a feature that in the context of production of biologics may lead to cell line and product instability. Few methods exist to assess such genome wide instability. Here, we use the population distribution of chromosome numbers per cell as well as chromosome painting to quantify the karyotypic variation in several CHO host cell lines.

Lessons from the Hamster: Cricetulus griseus Tissue and CHO Cell Line Proteome Comparison.

Chinese hamster ovary cells represent the dominant host for therapeutic recombinant protein production. However, few large-scale data sets have been generated to characterize this host organism and derived CHO cell lines at the proteomics level. Consequently, an extensive label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of two cell lines (CHO-S and CHO DG44) and two Chinese hamster tissues (liver and ovary) was used to identify a total of 11 801 unique proteins containing at least two unique peptides.

Production and characterization of active recombinant human factor II with consistent sialylation.

Coagulation factor II (prothrombin; FII) is the pre-proteolyzed precursor to thrombin in the coagulation cascade. It has 10 sites of gamma-carboxylation, which are required for its bioactivity, and is N-glycosylated at three of four putative sites. Production of recombinant human FII (rhFII) using a platform fed-batch process designed for monoclonal antibody production resulted in low levels of gamma-carboxylation and sialylation.

High-Throughput Lipidomic and Transcriptomic Analysis To Compare SP2/0, CHO, and HEK-293 Mammalian Cell Lines.

A combined lipidomics and transcriptomics analysis was performed on mouse myeloma SP2/0, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells in order to compare widely used mammalian expression systems. Initial thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis indicated that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were the major lipid components in all cell lines with lower amounts of sphingomyelin (SM) in SP2/0 compared to CHO and HEK, which was subsequently confirmed and expanded upon following mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. HEK contained 4-10-fold higher amounts of lyso phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and 2-4-fold higher amounts of lyso phosphatidylcholine (LPC) compared to SP2/0 and CHO cell lines.

Systems Glycobiology: Integrating Glycogenomics, Glycoproteomics, Glycomics, and Other 'Omics Data Sets to Characterize Cellular Glycosylation Processes.

The number of proteins encoded in the human genome has been estimated at between 20,000 and 25,000, despite estimates that the entire proteome contains more than a million proteins. One reason for this difference is due to many post-translational modifications of protein that contribute to proteome complexity. Among these, glycosylation is of particular relevance because it serves to modify a large number of cellular proteins.

Elucidation of the CHO Super-Ome (CHO-SO) by Proteoinformatics.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred host cell line for manufacturing a variety of complex biotherapeutic drugs including monoclonal antibodies. We performed a proteomics and bioinformatics analysis on the spent medium from adherent CHO cells. Supernatant from CHO-K1 culture was collected and subjected to in-solution digestion followed by LC/LC-MS/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of 3281 different host cell proteins (HCPs).

Exploiting the proteomics revolution in biotechnology: from disease and antibody targets to optimizing bioprocess development.

Recent advancements in proteomics have enabled the generation of high-quality data sets useful for applications ranging from target and monoclonal antibody (mAB) discovery to bioprocess optimization. Comparative proteomics approaches have recently been used to identify novel disease targets in oncology and other disease conditions. Proteomics has also been applied as a new avenue for mAb discovery.

CHO microRNA engineering is growing up: recent successes and future challenges.

microRNAs with their ability to regulate complex pathways that control cellular behavior and phenotype have been proposed as potential targets for cell engineering in the context of optimization of biopharmaceutical production cell lines, specifically of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. However, until recently, research was limited by a lack of genomic sequence information on this industrially important cell line. With the publication of the genomic sequence and other relevant data sets for CHO cells since 2011, the doors have been opened for an improved understanding of CHO cell physiology and for the development of the necessary tools for novel engineering strategies.