Robot-Assisted Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Right Intrathoracic Kidney Following Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair: A Case Report.

Introduction: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can result in intrathoracic displacement of the kidney, presenting anatomical challenges for robot-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN). Reports of RARN in such cases are scarce.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old man with a history of right-sided CDH repair was referred for evaluation of an incidentally discovered right renal mass.

Efficacy of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and risk factors for residual extravesical disease in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: insights from a nationwide cohort.

Background: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) improves survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as long as disease progression does not occur during treatment. However, predictors of NAC sensitivity remain elusive in clinical practice. This study evaluated the efficacy of NAC followed by radical cystectomy (NAC-RC) in cStage II-IIIA MIBC and identified the risk factors associated with residual extravesical disease.

Vas Guide: a novel device for looping blood vessels in robot-assisted surgery.

Background: Looping blood vessels in robot-assisted surgery remains challenging because of limitations in instrument articulation, joint length, and the lack of tactile feedback. To address this critical issue, we developed the Vas Guide, a novel device, for safe blood vessel handling. This study aims to establish the efficacy, safety, and durability of the Vas Guide.

Impact of lymph-node dissection during radical cystectomy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Japanese multicenter retrospective study.

Background: There is no definitive consensus on the necessity and impact of lymph-node dissection during radical cystectomy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph-node dissection in NMIBC and identify preoperative factors influencing non-urinary tract recurrence-free survival (NUTRFS).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data for 2674 cases of bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy between January 2013 and December 2019 from a multicenter Japanese database; 410 patients were preoperatively diagnosed with NMIBC.

Effects of the Number of Neoadjuvant Cycles and Addition of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on the Prognosis of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated With Radical Cystectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cycles and the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after NAC on overall survival (OS) of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1687 patients with cT2-4NxM0 MIBC who received radical cystectomy (RC) alone or RC plus perioperative chemotherapy at 36 institutions within the Japanese Urological Oncology Group. We evaluated the effect of the number of NAC cycles (2 vs.

Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Predicts Postoperative Complications in Elderly Patients Undergoing Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy.

Objective: Malnutrition is a common condition among elderly cancer patients. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a simple screening tool used to predict the risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative GNRI as a marker for predicting 90-day postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).

Advances in Adjuvant Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Perspectives on Risk Stratification and Treatment Outcomes.

Radical surgery is effective for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, recurrence occurs in up to 40% of patients, underscoring the need for adjuvant therapy to improve the prognosis. Historically, adjuvant treatments, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have shown limited success, failing to improve overall survival.

Stage III substaging and outcomes in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Objective: To examine the association between substaging and outcomes following radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with stage III bladder cancer.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using nationwide data from Japan, including 708 patients with stage III bladder cancer who underwent RC. Substaging was based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer's 8th edition.

Real-world clinical usage and efficacy of apalutamide in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multi-institutional study in the CsJUC.

Objective: To evaluate the real-world clinical usage and effectiveness of apalutamide in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 186 men who received apalutamide across 17 institutions. The primary outcomes were the clinical usage of apalutamide for nmCRPC: prior usage of other androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), prior radical treatment, and the distribution of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSA-DT) at the initial administration of apalutamide.

Cutaneous ureterostomy following robot-assisted radical cystectomy: a multicenter comparative study of transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal techniques.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in perioperative outcomes between transperitoneal and retroperitoneal techniques in cutaneous ureterostomy (CUS).

Methods: Between 2018 and 2023, 55 patients underwent CUS following robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Among the 55 patients, we compared 33 patients who underwent transperitoneal CUS (t-CUS) and 22 who underwent retroperitoneal CUS (r-CUS).

Robot-assisted nephroureterectomy using the GelPoint Platform with a focus on optimizing the port position and specimen retrieval.

Introduction: One of the factors that makes robot-assisted nephroureterectomy difficult is that the optimal port position differs between nephrectomy and bladder cuff excision. In addition, how best to retrieve the specimen after resection while minimizing the size of the wound is a challenge in robot-assisted surgery. To solve these problems, we designed a surgical technique for robot-assisted nephroureterectomy using the GelPoint Platform with a focus on port position optimization and specimen retrieval.

Retroperitoneal cutaneous ureterostomy following radical cystectomy: A multicenter comparative study of robotic versus open surgery.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in perioperative outcomes of cutaneous ureterostomy (CUS) between open surgery (open radical cystectomy, ORC) and robot-assisted surgery (robot-assisted radical cystectomy, RARC), including the stent-free rate, readmission rates due to urinary tract infection (UTI), and changes in renal function.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2023, a total of 37 patients underwent CUS following ORC, while 24 patients underwent CUS following RARC. Perioperative outcomes were compared between these two groups.

Robot-assisted intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion: A two-center comparative study of Bricker versus Wallace ureteroileal anastomosis.

Introduction: This study was performed to evaluate the differences in the perioperative results, renal function, and incidence of hydronephrosis over time between the use of Bricker anastomosis and Wallace anastomosis for robot-assisted intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion (RICIC).

Methods: Fifty-five patients who underwent RICIC at two institutions were evaluated (Bricker, n = 23; Wallace, n = 32). We investigated changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate and hydronephrosis before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Impact of lymph node dissection on surgical and oncological outcomes in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

This study was performed to clarify the therapeutic and diagnostic roles of lymph node dissection (LND) by examining the impact of LND and lymph node yield (LNY) on oncological outcomes in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Between 2014 and 2021, 216 patients underwent LND during RARC at Tokushima University Hospital and affiliated hospitals. Among the 216 patients, we compared 115 patients with an LNY of ≥ 20 and 101 with an LNY of < 20 to investigate the impact of LNY on surgical and oncological outcomes.

Prognostic impact of histological discordance between transurethral resection and radical cystectomy.

Objective: To analyse the impact of histological discordance of subtypes (subtypes or divergent differentiation [DD]) in specimens from transurethral resection (TUR) and radical cystectomy (RC) on the outcome of the patients with bladder cancer receiving RC.

Patients And Methods: We analysed data for 2570 patients from a Japanese nationwide cohort with bladder cancer treated with RC between January 2013 and December 2019 at 36 institutions. The non-urinary tract recurrence-free survival (NUTR-FS) and overall survival (OS) stratified by TUR or RC specimen histology were determined.

A case of an advanced renal collecting duct carcinoma in which initial therapeutic effect was achieved with pembrolizumab plus axitinib.

Introduction: Renal collecting duct carcinoma is often found in advanced cancers and has a poor prognosis. Here, we present the case of symptomatic metastatic collecting duct carcinoma in which we observed an initial therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 69-year-old male who was referred to our hospital for examination of a right chest tumor and related pain.

Impact of early urinary catheter removal on successful voiding and physical function in stroke patients.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify factors related to the success of trial without catheter (TWOC) in patients with stroke and to examine the effect of the timing of urinary catheter removal on the course of stroke.

Methods: Patients who were admitted to the Stroke Care Unit of our institution between March 2018 and October 2021 were included. To identify factors related to success of TWOC, a multivariate analysis was performed on the patient's condition at admission and catheter indwelling time.

Real-world prostate-specific antigen response and progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer among men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer treated with apalutamide: a multi-institutional study in the Chu-shikoku Japan Urological Consortium.

Background: Japanese men receiving apalutamide often experience skin-adverse events (AEs), possibly requiring treatment interruption or dose reduction. However, concerns have arisen regarding the impact of these adjustments on the efficacy of apalutamide. Our study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and persistence of apalutamide in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

The importance of laparoscopic surgery for young urologists remains unwavering even in the era of robot-assisted surgery.

Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) cannot be achieved without the performance of laparoscopic surgical techniques by a patient-side surgeon (PSS). In many medical institutions in Japan, young urologists often take on the role of a PSS. Participating in RAS as a PSS provides a good opportunity to acquire not only the knowledge necessary for surgery, but also skills in laparoscopic surgical techniques.

Effect of Positive Biopsy Core Rate on Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy Outcomes in Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: Intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Although low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) is mainly used for low- to intermediate-risk PCa, limited reports have evaluated the detailed differences in outcomes, including differences between patients with ISUP grade group (GG) 2 and GG3 intermediate-risk PCa. This study aimed to investigate the differences in outcomes between intermediate-risk Japanese patients with GG2 and GG3 PCa who underwent LDR-BT.