Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Stool Properties Following Treatment with Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker and Proton Pump Inhibitor.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) have been reported to alter the gut microbiota. However, the relationship between these alterations and stool properties remains unclear. This study aimed to examine changes in the gut microbiota, stool consistency, and subjective symptoms related to defecation after antacid treatment.

Water-soluble cellulose acetate attenuates glucose intolerance through GLP-1 and PYY signal upregulation.

Water-soluble cellulose acetate (WSCA), derived from natural cellulose and acetate, can be used as a food additive and deliver acetate to the large intestine. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary WSCA supplementation on impaired glucose metabolism in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. db/m and db/db mice were fed either a control diet or a WSCA-supplemented diet for eight weeks.

Gel Immersion Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Using a Scissor-type Knife for Superficial Non-ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the short-term therapeutic outcomes between conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection (C-ESD) and gel immersion ESD (GI-ESD) for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with SNADETs who underwent C-ESD or GI-ESD between June 2016 and May 2024. To reduce proficiency bias, the first 50 cases per endoscopist were excluded.

Association of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Colonic Mucosa With Mucosal Inflammation and Subsequent Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.

Background And Aim: The association between vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and intestinal mucosal inflammation and between VCAM-1 expression and the clinical course in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated not only the association between mucosal VCAM-1 expression and mucosal inflammation but also its association with subsequent relapse in UC patients with clinical remission.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients with UC in clinical remission and 16 patients in clinical active who visited Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine for a 2-year follow-up period were included.

Diagnostic Ability of Magnifying Endoscopy Compared to Biopsy Examination for Early Gastric Cancer prior to Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

Introduction: Biopsy-specimen examination is the gold standard for the preoperative histological diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, few studies have compared the diagnostic accuracies of biopsy and magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging or blue laser imaging (ME-NBI/BLI). Thus, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy specimens and ME-NBI/BLI to evaluate whether ME-NBI/BLI is a feasible preoperative diagnostic tool for EGC.

The association between serum zinc level and clinical features in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Zinc is an essential element and important for inflammatory bowel disease patients. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the correlation between serum zinc concentration and various parameters, especially the disease activity index and endoscopic scores, in these patients. We measured serum zinc concentrations in 37 patients with Crohn's disease and 64 with ulcerative colitis and retrospectively analyzed patient characteristics, blood test values, disease activity, and endoscopic scores.

The Impact of Hangeshashinto on Symptoms and Gut Microbiota in Diarrhea-type Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis.

Objectives: Effective treatments for diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) are limited. Hangeshashinto (HST), an anti-inflammatory Kampo medicine, may offer benefits but its efficacy for IBS-D requires further investigation. This study evaluated IBS-D symptom improvement and gut microbiota changes following HST administration.

Prognostic value of liver metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab.

Nivolumab has been approved for unresectable recurrent advanced esophageal cancer. The present study aimed to provide real-world data on diverse patient profiles, including the elderly and those with poor performance status, while exploring therapeutic efficacy biomarkers. This retrospective study included 42 patients with esophageal cancer who received nivolumab after second- or later-line treatment at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Kyoto, Japan) from February 2020 to December 2021.

Clinical significance of cachexia index determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Cancer cachexia is a complex disorder characterized by skeletal muscle loss, which may influence the prognosis of patients with cancer. The cachexia index (CXI) is a new index for cachexia. The present study aimed to assess whether the CXI determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is valuable for predicting survival in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Endoscopic hemostasis with a self-assembling peptide gel during endoscopic submucosal dissection and cold-snare polypectomy in the duodenum: Prospective exploratory study (with video).

Objectives: A novel self-assembling peptide gel (SAPG) was recently developed for hemostasis during endoscopic resection (ER) as an alternative for electrocoagulation and clip placement. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to evaluate the hemostatic effect of SAPG on bleeding during ER of the duodenum.

Methods: Patients with superficial duodenal epithelial tumors who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or cold-snare polypectomy (CSP) between June 2022 and October 2023 were enrolled in the study.

Association between gut microbiota and ultra-processed foods consumption among the patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to explore the relationship between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 362 participants with T2D. UPFs consumption was assessed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, quantified as the density of UPFs intake (g/1000 kcal).

[Feasibility of FP Therapy in Outpatient Setting for Inoperable Recurrent Esophageal Cancer].

With the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in recent years, the treatment outcomes for unresectable recurrent esophageal cancer have improved markedly. In 5-FU+cisplatin(FP)first-line therapy, 5-FU administration takes 5 days and generally requires hospitalization. However, frequent hospitalization for treatment is a crucial issue that must be resolved in terms of time investment and optimal use of hospital resources.

Mucosal Cytokine Expression Associated With Deep Endoscopic Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, for which no curative treatments have been developed. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC, and therapies targeting specific cytokines have been successful in treating refractory UC. The purpose of this study was to measure mucosal cytokines in UC and identify those that contribute to nonrelapsing mucosal healing (MH) diagnosed by endoscopy.

Effect of texture and color enhancement imaging on the visibility of gastric tumors.

Texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) may improve the visibility of gastric tumors and allow their early detection. However, few reports have examined the utility of TXI. Between June 2021 and October 2022, 56 gastric tumors in 51 patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection at Fukuchiyama City Hospital were evaluated preoperatively using conventional white light imaging (WLI), narrow-band imaging (NBI), and TXI modes 1 and 2.

Efficacy of Glycicumarin and Isoliquiritigenin in Suppressing Colonic Peristalsis in Both an Animal Model and a Clinical Trial.

Patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) show excessive peristalsis, and antispasmodic agents may be useful therapeutic agents. There are few reports on the use of Kampo medicines for the treatment of IBS-D. Shakuyakukanzoto (SKT) is a Kampo medicine that is effective against abdominal pain.

Short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors.

Background And Aims: This retrospective study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery in patients with superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors.

Patients And Methods: We investigated consecutive patients with SNADETs > 10 mm in size who underwent ESD (ESD group) or LECS (LECS group) between January 2015 and March 2021. The data was used to analyze the clinical course, management, survival status, and recurrence between the two groups.

D-alanine Inhibits Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Suppressing IL-12 and IL-23 Production in Macrophages.

Background And Aims: Free D-amino acids, which have different functions from L-amino acids, have recently been discovered in various tissues. However, studies on the potential interactions between intestinal inflammation and D-amino acids are limited. We examined the inhibitory effects of D-alanine on the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation.

Conventional versus underwater endoscopic resection for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumours.

Background And Objective: Several endoscopic resection methods have been developed as less invasive treatments for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumours. This study aimed to compare outcomes of conventional endoscopic mucosal resection and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumours, including resection depth and rate of the muscularis mucosa contained under the lesion.

Methods: This single-centre retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2009 to December 2021 enrolled patients who underwent conventional endoscopic mucosal resection and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumours and investigated their clinicopathological outcomes using propensity score matching.