Pigment epithelium detachment with thickened choroid in a preterm infant at term-equivalent age: a case report.

Pigment epithelial detachment (PED) is well-documented in adult retinal diseases but is rarely reported in neonates. This case describes a preterm infant, born at 31 weeks, who developed PED with thickened choroid at term-equivalent age, detected using handheld OCT. The PED emerged at 39 weeks postmenstrual age, coinciding with inhaled steroid treatment for respiratory distress, and resolved by 41 weeks after steroid discontinuation without structural damage.

Early Single-Examination Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers for Treatment-Requiring Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging adjunct imaging modality to evaluate retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). From an 11-year research database, we identify early OCT biomarkers that predict treatment-requiring ROP (TR-ROP).

Methods: For preterm infants with acceptable OCT images at 32 ± 1 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), we extracted the following measures: total retina, inner retinal layer (IRL), and outer retinal layer (ORL) thicknesses at the fovea and the parafovea, inner nuclear layer (INL) and choroidal thickness, parafovea/fovea (P/F) ratio, and presence of macular edema.

Biphasic change in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness from 30 to 60 weeks postmenstrual age in preterm infants.

Background/aims: The optic nerve development during the critical postnatal weeks of preterm infants is unclear. We aimed to investigate the change of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in preterm infants.

Methods: We used an investigational handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to serially image awake preterm infants between 30 and 60 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) at the bedside.

Associations between systemic health and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in preterm infants at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.

Background/aims: Neonatal insults from systemic diseases have been implicated in the pathway of impaired neurodevelopment in preterm infants. We aimed to investigate the associations between systemic health factors and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in preterm infants.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled infants and imaged both eyes at 36±1 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) using a hand-held optical coherence tomography system at the bedside in the Duke intensive care nurseries.

Systemic Factors Associated with a Thinner Choroid in Preterm Infants.

Purpose: To identify systemic health factors associated with a thinner choroid, which has been hypothesized as a cause of poor visual outcomes in low-birth weight infants.

Design: The prospective, observational Study of Eye Imaging in Preterm Infants (BabySTEPS) enrolled infants recommended for retinopathy of prematurity screening based on the American Association of Pediatrics guidelines.

Participants: Infants who underwent imaging with investigational handheld OCT at 36 ± 1 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) as part of BabySTEPS.

Foveal Differentiation and Inner Retinal Displacement Are Arrested in Extremely Premature Infants.

Purpose: Children with a history of prematurity often have poorly developed foveae but when during development foveal differences arise. We hypothesize that the course of foveal development is altered from the time of preterm birth.

Methods: Eyes of 102 preterm infants undergoing retinopathy of prematurity screening examinations in the STudy of Eye imaging in Premature infantS (BabySTEPS) (NCT02887157) were serially imaged between 30 and 42 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) using handheld optical coherence tomography systems.

Repeatability and Reproducibility of Axial and Lateral Measurements on Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography Systems Compared with Tabletop System.

Purpose: To compare the repeatability and reproducibility of axial and lateral retinal measurements using handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems and a tabletop OCT system.

Methods: Graders measured central foveal thickness (CFT), optic nerve-to-fovea distance (OFD), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness on OCT scans of the right eye of 10 healthy adults. Three OCT systems were used: handheld Leica Envisu, investigational handheld swept-source OCT (UC3), and Heidelberg Spectralis tabletop system.

Morphological characteristics of early- versus late-onset macular edema in preterm infants.

Macular images of infants with early-onset edema (occurring at or before 33 weeks' postmenstrual age [PMA]) and infants with late-onset edema (at or after 36 weeks' PMA) were compared. At first appearance, early-onset edema has a more severe morphology, with foveal bulging and elongated cystoid spaces than late-onset edema, which presents as small cystoid spaces outside the foveal center. Morphological variations may be an indicator of the underlying cause of edema in preterm infants.

Understanding the variability of handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements in supine infants.

Purpose: Central foveal thickness (CFT) measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans provide a precise measure of severity of pathologic changes in the fovea, progress of disease and response to treatment. Although these measures are additionally valuable to assess foveal development in infants, their reproducibility is not known. The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the variation and reproducibility of CFT measurements using handheld spectral-domain OCT (hh-SDOCT) in supine infants compared to conventional adult tabletop imaging.

Distribution of OCT Features within Areas of Macular Atrophy or Scar after 2 Years of Anti-VEGF Treatment for Neovascular AMD in CATT.

Purpose: Macular atrophy and scar increase in prevalence during treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and are associated with poor visual acuity. We sought to identify the distribution of spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT)-determined features and subretinal lesion thicknesses at sites of macular scar or atrophy after 2 years of treatment in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT).

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Optical Coherence Tomography Predictors of Risk for Progression to Non-Neovascular Atrophic Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Appearance of geographic atrophy (GA) on color photography (CP) is preceded by specific features on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). We aimed to build SD OCT-based risk assessment models for 5-year new onset of GA and central GA on CP.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal study.

Optical Coherence Tomography Reflective Drusen Substructures Predict Progression to Geographic Atrophy in Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Structural and compositional heterogeneity within drusen comprising lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins have been previously described. We sought to detect and define phenotypic patterns of drusen heterogeneity in the form of optical coherence tomography-reflective drusen substructures (ODS) and examine their associations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-related features and AMD progression.

Design: Retrospective analysis in a prospective study.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography characteristics of intermediate age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Describe qualitative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) characteristics of eyes classified as intermediate age-related macular degeneration (nonadvanced AMD) from Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) color fundus photography (CFP) grading.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Participants: We included 345 AREDS2 participants from 4 study centers and 122 control participants who lack CFP features of intermediate AMD.

Spatial correlation between hyperpigmentary changes on color fundus photography and hyperreflective foci on SDOCT in intermediate AMD.

Purpose: Macular hyperpigmentation is associated with progression from intermediate to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this study was to accurately correlate hyperpigmentary changes with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) hyperreflective foci in eyes with non-advanced AMD.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional analysis of 314 eyes (314 subjects) with intermediate AMD was performed in the multicenter Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Ancillary SDOCT Study to correlate hyperpigmentary changes on color fundus photographs (CFP) with abnormal morphology on SDOCT.

Validated automatic segmentation of AMD pathology including drusen and geographic atrophy in SD-OCT images.

Purpose: To automatically segment retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and various levels of image quality to advance the study of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)+drusen complex (RPEDC) volume changes indicative of AMD progression.

Methods: A general segmentation framework based on graph theory and dynamic programming was used to segment three retinal boundaries in SD-OCT images of eyes with drusen and geographic atrophy (GA). A validation study for eyes with nonneovascular AMD was conducted, forming subgroups based on scan quality and presence of GA.

Dynamics of human foveal development after premature birth.

Purpose: To determine the dynamic morphologic development of the human fovea in vivo using portable spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Design: Prospective, observational case series.

Participants: Thirty-one prematurely born neonates, 9 children, and 9 adults.

Optical coherence tomography reader agreement in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To determine the interreader and intrareader agreement at the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Reading Center at Duke for images produced for an interventional neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) clinical trial.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: OCT was performed using the Stratus OCT Fast Macular Thickness Map (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) scan mode and a 7-mm line scan centered on the fovea.