Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methods.

The growing emphasis on sustainable development has propelled green chemistry into a vital framework for designing environmentally benign chemical processes. This review highlights recent advancements in green methodologies for organic synthesis, emphasizing strategies that reduce the use of hazardous reagents and solvents while enhancing efficiency and atom economy. Key approaches include solvent-free reactions; the use of water and ionic liquids as green solvents; biocatalysis employing plant extracts and natural acids; and microwave-assisted synthesis.

Ligand-Based Pharmacophore Modeling and Quantum Computational Approaches for the Development of hCA XII Inhibitor.

Globally, there is a threat to public health regarding the prevalence of cancer and its resistance problem. Among the various cancer therapy strategies, targeting Carbonic anhydrase (CA) has gained a lot of attention in recent times. CA XII was found to be a biomarker for the suppression of various hypoxic tumors in both the early and metastatic stages.

Ligand based pharmacophore modelling and integrated computational approaches in the quest for small molecule inhibitors against hCA IX.

Carbonic anhydrase IX is an important biomarker to fight hypoxic tumours in both initial and metastatic stages of many forms of cancer. Overexpression of hCA IX in the hypoxic environment, has an active role in pH maintenance and makes the hCA IX a better target for the inhibitors targeting specific types of cancer stages. Being a member of the carbonic anhydrase family and having sixteen isoforms, it is important to have a selective inhibition of hCA IX to limit the disruption in the biological and metabolic pathways where other isoforms of hCA are localised and to avoid the other toxicity and adverse effects we try to find selective hCA IX inhibitors from a natural derivative.