Equipping community health workers in Rwanda to deliver a gender transformative parenting program to prevent violence against women and children at scale.

Introduction: In Rwanda, the Bandebereho program has demonstrated long-term reductions in intimate partner violence (IPV) and violence against children. Since 2019, the program has partnered with government to train community health workers (CHWs) to deliver at scale. Evidence on how to equip CHWs to deliver Bandebereho, or similar programs, with quality and fidelity is needed to support scaling.

The association between STOPPFall medication use and falls and fractures in community-dwelling older people.

Introduction: Falls and fractures are common among older people. The Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions in older adults with high fall risk (STOPPFall) provides a comprehensive list of fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). This study assesses the association between STOPPFall medications and future falls/fractures among a large cohort of community-dwelling people ≥65 years using The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) Waves 1-6, collected from 2009 to 2021.

Age-Related Physiological and Molecular Biomarkers Associated with Kidney Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is rising rapidly due to population ageing, with significant consequences for morbidity and mortality. The use of effective, predictive biomarkers would enable early introduction of targeted, proactive management of kidney disease.

Aim: The aim of this review is to summarise all available studies investigating the association of neurocardiovascular, inflammatory and epigenetic biomarkers with kidney function and their ability to predict CKD incidence or progression.

Changes in enteric fever trends during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) conducted blood culture surveillance for serotype Typhi (. Typhi) and Paratyphi (. Paratyphi) to provide an evidence base for prevention and control measures in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.

Long-term impacts of the Bandebereho programme on violence against women and children, maternal health-seeking, and couple relations in Rwanda: a six-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Programmes that work with parents to build couple relationship and parenting skills and include critical reflection on gender norms are a promising approach for reducing violence against women and children. However, there is limited evidence of their longer-term impact. In Rwanda, the Bandebereho programme engaged expectant and current parents of children under five years.

Optimizing the Construction of Outcome Measures for Impact Evaluations of Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Interventions.

Most impact evaluations of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention interventions use binary measures of "any" versus "no" physical and/or sexual IPV as their primary outcome measure, missing opportunities to capture nuance. In this study, we reanalyzed secondary data from six randomized controlled trials conducted in low- and middle-income countries-Bandebereho (Rwanda), Becoming One (Uganda), Indashyikirwa (Rwanda), MAISHA CRT01, MAISHA CRT02 (Tanzania), Stepping Stones Creating Futures (South Africa), and Unite for a Better Life (Ethiopia), to assess how different conceptualizations and coding of IPV variables can influence interpretations of the impact of an intervention. We compared the standard outcome measures to new measures that reflect the severity and intensity of violence and whether interventions prevent new cases of IPV or reduce or stop ongoing violence.

Improved Relationship Quality, Equitable Gender Attitudes, and Reduced Alcohol Abuse as Key Mechanisms to Reduce Intimate Partner Violence in the Bandebereho Couples' Randomized Trial in Rwanda.

Over the past decade, there has been rapid growth in the evidence for programs to prevent or reduce intimate partner violence (IPV)-the most common form of men's violence against women. IPV interventions targeting heterosexual couples have shown significant impact. However, our understanding of how these interventions achieve their impacts on violence-the mechanisms through which change occurs-remains limited.

Multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in a University Outbreak After Spring Break - Chicago, Illinois, March-May 2021.

To prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, colleges and universities have implemented multiple strategies including testing, isolation, quarantine, contact tracing, masking, and vaccination. In April 2021, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) was notified of a large cluster of students with COVID-19 at an urban university after spring break. A total of 158 cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed among undergraduate students during March 15-May 3, 2021; the majority (114; 72.

Change in Health-Related Socioeconomic Risk Factors and Mental Health During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey of U.S. Women.

During a pandemic, women may be especially vulnerable to secondary health problems driven by its social and economic effects. We examined the relationship between changes in health-related socioeconomic risks (HRSRs) and mental health. A cross-sectional survey of 3,200 women aged 18-90 years was conducted in April 2020 using a quota-based sample from a national panel (88% cooperation rate).

The relationship between inequitable gender norms and provider attitudes and quality of care in maternal health services in Rwanda: a mixed methods study.

Background: Rwanda has made great progress in improving reproductive, maternal, and newborn health (RMNH) care; however, barriers to ensuring timely and full RMNH service utilization persist, including women's limited decision-making power and poor-quality care. This study sought to better understand whether and how gender and power dynamics between providers and clients affect their perceptions and experiences of quality care during antenatal care, labor and childbirth.

Methods: This mixed methods study included a self-administered survey with 151 RMNH providers with questions on attitudes about gender roles, RMNH care, provider-client relations, labor and childbirth, which took place between January to February 2018.

Delayed Blood Pressure Recovery After Standing Independently Predicts Fracture in Community-Dwelling Older People.

Objectives: Orthostatic hypotension, characterized by delayed blood pressure (BP) recovery after standing, is a risk factor for falls but the longitudinal relationship with fracture is not yet known. The aim of this study was to examine the prospective risk of fracture associated with delayed BP recovery.

Design: Longitudinal study with 8-year follow-up.

The collateral history: an overlooked core clinical skill.

Purpose: Patients with cognitive impairment are often unable to provide information relating to their pre-morbid cognition and function. Such information is essential to correctly identifying delirium and dementia, as well as making an accurate diagnosis and planning appropriate treatment. It is the standard of care recommended by the EuGMS.

Persistent Zika Virus Infection Associated with Early Fetal Demise: A Case Report.

Background: Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy is known to cause birth defects and could also be linked to pregnancy loss.

Case: A pregnant woman in Puerto Rico contracted ZIKV at 16 weeks gestation. ZIKV RNA persisted in serum from her initial test at 16 weeks through 24 weeks gestation, when fetal demise occurred, and was detected in placental tissue.

Prevalence and Incidence of Zika Virus Infection Among Household Contacts of Patients With Zika Virus Disease, Puerto Rico, 2016-2017.

Background: Little is known about the prevalence or incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in settings affected by the 2015-2016 Zika pandemic and associated risk factors. We assessed these factors among household contacts of patients with ZIKV disease enrolled in a cohort study in Puerto Rico during 2016-2017.

Methods: Household contacts of index case patients completed a questionnaire and gave specimens for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing to detect ZIKV infection.

Proposed specifications of a mobile operating room for far-forward surgery.

Provision of initial surgery to casualties within one hour of injury is associated with better survival. Where evacuation options are limited, surgery within the “golden hour” may have to occur close to the point of injury. Interventions close to the point of injury are limited by the adverse environment.

Gender-transformative Bandebereho couples' intervention to promote male engagement in reproductive and maternal health and violence prevention in Rwanda: Findings from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Rigorous evidence of the effectiveness of male engagement interventions, particularly on how these interventions impact relationship power dynamics and women's decision-making, remains limited. This study assessed the impact of the Bandebereho gender-transformative couples' intervention on impact on multiple behavioral and health-related outcomes influenced by gender norms and power relations.

Methods: We conducted a multi-site randomised controlled trial in four Rwandan districts with expectant/current fathers and their partners, who were randomised to the intervention (n = 575 couples) or control group (n = 624 couples).

Prolonged Detection of Zika Virus Nucleic Acid Among Symptomatic Pregnant Women: A Cohort Study.

A prospective cohort of women with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed Zika virus infection aged 18-39 years in Puerto Rico found that pregnant women have about a 3-fold longer estimated median detection of Zika virus RNA in serum, which can increase definitive diagnosis of infection and facilitate timely and appropriate clinical management.

Persistence of Zika Virus in Body Fluids - Final Report.

Background: To estimate the frequency and duration of detectable Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA in human body fluids, we prospectively assessed a cohort of newly infected participants in Puerto Rico.

Methods: We evaluated samples obtained from 150 participants (including 55 men) in whom ZIKV RNA was detected on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay in urine or blood in an enhanced arboviral clinical surveillance site. We collected serum, urine, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions weekly for the first month and then at 2, 4, and 6 months.

Challenges in the Evaluation of Interventions to Improve Engagement Along the HIV Care Continuum in the United States: A Systematic Review.

In the United States (US), there are high levels of disengagement along the HIV care continuum. We sought to characterize the heterogeneity in research studies and interventions to improve care engagement among people living with diagnosed HIV infection. We performed a systematic literature search for interventions to improve HIV linkage to care, retention in care, reengagement in care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the US published from 2007-mid 2015.

Application of a new PCR-RFLP panel suggests a restricted population structure for Eimeria tenella in UK and Irish chickens.

Eimeria species cause coccidiosis, most notably in chickens where the global cost exceeds US$3 billion every year. Understanding variation in Eimeria population structure and genetic diversity contributes valuable information that can be used to minimise the impact of drug resistance and develop new, cost-effective anticoccidial vaccines. Little knowledge is currently available on the epidemiology of Eimeria species and strains in different regions, or under different chicken production systems.

Simulation-based assessment of anesthesiology residents' competence: development and implementation of the Canadian National Anesthesiology Simulation Curriculum (CanNASC).

The specialty of anesthesiology will soon adopt the Competence By Design (CBD) approach to residency education developed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC). A foundational component of CBD is frequent and contextualized assessment of trainees. In 2013, the RCPSC Anesthesiology Specialty Committee assembled a group of simulation educators, representing each of the 17 Canadian anesthesiology residency programs, to form the Canadian National Anesthesiology Simulation Curriculum (CanNASC) Task Force.