Prediction of NICU mortality in fetuses and neonates with Vein of Galen Malformation.

Background And Purpose: Vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) is a rare fetal arteriovenous shunt with presentations ranging from asymptomatic infancy to high-output cardiac failure and death. Prenatal percutaneous embolization is being explored in fetuses predicted to be at high risk for death in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The purpose of this study is to (1) evaluate the reliability of previously reported measurements and (2) identify any novel imaging markers predictive of NICU mortality in a cohort of VOGM patients managed at our institution.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Shoulder Pain: 2024 Update.

Trauma is a predominant cause of acute shoulder pain, commonly secondary to fractures (clavicle, scapula, or proximal humerus) or soft tissue injuries (typically involving the rotator cuff, acromioclavicular ligaments, or labroligamentous complex). Radiography is the imaging modality of choice for initial assessment of acute shoulder pain and identification of potential fractures. In cases where radiographs yield normal or inconclusive results, additional imaging modalities such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT of the shoulder without contrast, or MR or CT arthrography, may be useful to diagnose the underlying pathology.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Hip Pain: 2024 Update.

Acute hip pain can be related to any combination of hip fracture, dislocation, and/or soft tissue injury. These injuries require timely diagnosis to avoid associated complications, such as osteonecrosis or prolonged immobility. Imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of these injuries, noting that hip fractures cannot be reliably diagnosed or excluded via physical examination alone.

Targeted Interventions Lead to Quality Improvement in Year 2 of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Program in Northern California.

Purpose: This study evaluates the second-year outcomes of an AI-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection program (Stanford Teleophthalmology Autonomous Testing and Universal Screening (STATUS)) implemented in primary care and endocrinology clinics in Northern California. We focused on assessing improvements following implementation of an intervention-based framework to increase AI system gradability and patient encounters.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted involving diabetic patients aged 18 years and older with no prior DR diagnosis or examination in the past year.

In Plain Sight, a Radiology Workforce Crisis in the Making: Gap between Job Growth and the Radiology Training Pipeline.

Background And Purpose: This study aims to analyze the gap between the number of radiologist jobs listed in a single major US job posting center and the number of anticipated graduating general diagnostic radiology and neuroradiology trainees through the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) as a primary source of radiologists to fulfill radiologist workforce needs.

Materials And Methods: Job listings between 2014 and 2023 from a single large US radiology job listing source were collected for the total number of unique annual job listings, divided amongst neuroradiology-only, some component of neuroradiology, and no component of neuroradiology. NRMP data were collected for postgraduate year-2 (PGY-2) Diagnostic Radiology Residency and Neuroradiology Fellowship Match to estimate the number of general radiologists and neuroradiologists in the training pipeline graduating in the corresponding job listing year.

Morphometric analysis of the inferior petrosal sinus and cerebellopontine angle cistern to assess feasibility of endovascular shunting in pediatric patients.

Background: Hydrocephalus is commonly treated using invasive surgical shunt placement with associated morbidity and frequent revision in children. The eShunt System, an endovascular miniature transdural shunt implanted via the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS), has shown promise in adults, but its pediatric application remains undefined because of limited data on IPS and cerebellopontine angle cistern (CPAC) morphometry.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients from two pediatric hospitals with high-resolution brain MRI were retrospectively analyzed.

The effect of sex, skill level and a defender on cutting kinematics in soccer players.

Cutting patterns may be influenced by task complexity and player attributes, ultimately affecting injury risks. This study examines the impact of skill level, sex, and defender conditions on joint kinematics during unanticipated cutting in soccer players. Kinematic data were captured using a three-dimensional motion capture system for 14 competitive and 14 recreational players performing unanticipated sidesteps (45 ± 10 degrees) under three conditions: no obstacle (NO), static-defender obstacle (SO) and dynamic-defender obstacle (DO).

Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Morphology of Discovertebral Junction in Chronic Low Back Pain Subjects.

Chronic low back pain (LBP) has been associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, but its association with abnormal morphology at the discovertebral junction (DVJ) is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the DVJ morphology in asymptomatic (Asx) and symptomatic (Sx) subjects for LBP using ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI. We recruited 42 subjects (12 Asx and 32 Sx).

First-in-human study of epidural spinal cord stimulation in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease causing motoneuron dysfunction, muscle weakness, fatigue and early mortality. Three new therapies can slow disease progression, enabling people to survive albeit with lingering motor impairments. Indeed, weakness and fatigue are still among patients' main concerns.

Gelatin nanofibers coated with hyaluronic acid as a mesenchymal stromal cell scaffold for corneal regeneration.

Electrospun gelatin nanofibers coated with hyaluronic acid (GelNF-HA) were synthesized as a scaffold for delivering human corneal mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSCs) directly to deep corneal injuries. Aligned GelNFs were produced by electrospinning, crosslinked using vapor of glutaraldehyde, coated with HA, and crosslinked with EDC/NHS. The GelNF-HA was characterized by SEM, mechanical, and optical properties.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Elbow and Forearm Pain.

Acute elbow pain can be the result of traumatic and atraumatic processes. Pathologic processes include osseous, ligamentous, and tendinous etiologies. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel.

Gender Swap in Virtual Reality for Supporting Inclusion and Implications in the Workplace.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSWe explored the potential impacts of a virtual gender swap on perceptions toward sexual harassment, which is a harmful behavior that lacks respect and inclusivity. Given that perceptions of harassing behaviors can vary, and that gender may influence one's interpretation of such behaviors, we implemented gender swap in virtual reality (VR) to examine changes in sensitivity to harassment across genders. Participants reported harassing behaviors as more inappropriate when embodying female avatars, regardless of their own gender.

Taldefgrobep Alfa and the Phase 3 RESILIENT Trial in Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare, genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by insufficient production of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Diminished SMN protein levels lead to motor neuron loss, causing muscle atrophy and weakness that impairs daily functioning and reduces quality of life. SMN upregulators offer clinical improvements and increased survival in SMA patients, although significant unmet needs remain.

Ultrashort-Echo-Time MRI of the Disco-Vertebral Junction: Modulation of Image Contrast via Echo Subtraction and Echo Times.

Introduction: The disco-vertebral junction (DVJ) of the lumbar spine contains thin structures with short T2 values, including the cartilaginous endplate (CEP) sandwiched between the bony vertebral endplate (VEP) and the nucleus pulposus (NP). We previously demonstrated that ultrashort-echo-time (UTE) MRI, compared to conventional MRI, is able to depict the tissues at the DVJ with improved contrast. In this study, we sought to further optimize UTE MRI by characterizing the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of these tissues when either single echo or echo subtraction images are used and with varying echo times (TEs).

Management of pediatric pial arteriovenous fistulas with a single connection: two illustrative cases.

Pediatric arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are rare, representing only 7.3-17.2% of all pediatric shunts.

Robot-related injuries in the workplace: An analysis of OSHA Severe Injury Reports.

Industrial robots are increasingly commonplace, but research on prototypical accidents and injuries has been sparse, hindering evidence-based safety strategies. Using Severe Injury Reports (SIRs) from the U.S.

Nonsexual Genital Ulcers Secondary to Epstein-Barr Virus in a Pediatric Patient.

This case report focuses on a rare presentation of Epstein-Barr virus as genital ulcers in a 14-year-old girl with no sexual activity history. Despite initial misdiagnosis and failed acyclovir treatment, investigations ruled out sexually transmitted causes but revealed elevated Epstein-Barr virus antibodies. Subsequent treatment with a 14-day prednisone course led to significant improvement.

Scalable Total Synthesis of (+)-Desmethylxestospongin B.

Herein, the execution of synthetic strategies solving scalability issues observed in the original route is reported, increasing the total yield by 50% compared to the previously disclosed synthesis. A notable restructuring of the route's initial steps to reach a common allylic alcohol intermediate employs a highly stereoselective epoxidation method and avoids superfluous protecting group manipulations while limiting dependence on kinetic resolution in establishing stereochemistry for four of the six chiral centers in (+)-desmethylxestospongin B. Different protecting group strategies to avoid problems with their subsequent removal were considered and enacted; to this end, material was retained as byproducts were suppressed.

Changes in inpatient brain arteriovenous malformation management in the United States following the ARUBA trial: analysis of an interrupted time series design.

The November 2013 online publication of ARUBA, the first multi-institutional randomized controlled trial for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), has sparked over 100 publications in protracted debates METHODS: This study sought to examine inpatient management patterns of brain AVMs from 2009 to 2016 and observe if changes in U.S. inpatient management were attributable to the ARUBA publication using interrupted time series of brain AVM studies from the National Inpatient Sample data 2009-2016.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Symptom Management in Older Individuals with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder.

The growing number of people aging with HIV represents a group vulnerable to the symptom burdens of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Among younger groups, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has been shown to help people living with HIV manage HIV-related and other life stress, and although there is some theoretical and empirical evidence that it may be effective among those with cognitive deficits, the approach has not been studied in older populations with HAND. Participants (n = 180) 55 years or older with HIV and cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to either an 8-week MBSR arm or a waitlist control.

Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane for Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cell Transplantation.

The corneal endothelium, comprising densely packed corneal endothelial cells (CECs) adhering to Descemet's membrane (DM), plays a critical role in maintaining corneal transparency by regulating water and ion movement. CECs have limited regenerative capacity within the body, and globally, there is a shortage of donor corneas to replace damaged corneal endothelia. The development of a carrier for cultured CECs may address this worldwide clinical need.