Acquired Brown Syndrome as a Postoperative Complication of Orbital Wall Fracture Repair with Metallic Mesh.

Surgical repair of orbital fractures comes with risks. One rare risk is interference with the actions of the superior oblique tendon-muscle complex causing an acquired Brown syndrome. We present the case of a 45-year-old man who developed acquired Brown syndrome after undergoing repair of a large orbital floor and medial orbital wall fracture using a titanium mesh implant.

Soyasapogenol B prevents sarcopenia by increasing skeletal muscle mass and function through the Sirt1/PGC-1α and PI3K pathway.

Sarcopenia, caused by aging, is characterized by the reduction of muscle mass and function. In this study, we investigated the effects of soyasapogenol B on skeletal muscle and the underlying mechanisms to determine its potential as a prevention for sarcopenia. Soyasapogenol B, a natural triterpenoid found in soybeans, has biological effects that inhibit cancer, inflammation, and obesity; however, its effects on skeletal muscle remain unclear and require further investigation.

Characteristics of US Medical Schools That Produce the Highest Percentage of Orthopaedic Surgery Residents: Analysis of the 2019 to 2023 Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Cohort.

Introduction: The inherent difficulties of matching into an orthopaedic surgery residency have led to the analysis of factors that influence this outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate which US medical schools produced the most orthopaedic surgery residents and the characteristics of these schools contributing to higher match rates.

Methods: Demographic and bibliometric data were collected for 4,376 residents from 208 US-based Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited orthopaedic surgery programs.

Impact of Housing on Burn Injury Patterns and Outcomes: a Retrospective Cohort Study at a Canadian Burn Centre.

Houselessness is an important social determinant of health, which may predispose to poor health and difficulty in recovering from new health issues. We examined the demographic variables and clinical outcomes of housed and unhoused patients experiencing thermal injuries. A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients admitted to or followed by the burn service from January 2022 to June 2024.

Immediate and Long-Term Outcomes of Autologous and Alloplastic Cranioplasty in Pediatric Population.

Conventionally, alloplastic implants have been discouraged in pediatric cranioplasty due to concerns of infection and growth restriction. With the increasing development of patient-specific implants, this study compares the outcomes of pediatric cranioplasties using autologous grafts and alloplastic materials. A retrospective review was performed on all pediatric cranioplasties at a single institution between 2011 and 2024.

Where Do Gender Disparities in Research Productivity Begin? A Study of Orthopedic Surgery Applicants and Residents.

Objective: The gender disparity in orthopedic surgery is multifactorial, driven by the lack of female mentorship, limited female leadership in academic roles, and challenges in pursuing academic positions. Research productivity and authorship are areas where these disparities manifest, with women being significantly underrepresented. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether gender disparities in orthopedic research productivity are apparent as early as medical school.

The prevalence of congenital cervical stenosis differs based on race.

Background: Congenital cervical stenosis (CCS) is a rare condition involving a narrowed spinal canal due to developmental anomalies. CCS heightens the risk of neurologic deficits and acute spinal cord injury posttrauma, influencing return-to-play decisions for contact athletes. Additionally, CCS patients are prone to cervical myelopathy as degenerative changes progress with age.

Improved skeletal muscle mass and strength through Protamex-mediated hydrolysis of perilla seed cake: Elevated rosmarinic acid levels as a contributing factor.

Perilla seed cake (PSC) is a byproduct of oil extraction from perilla seeds. It is rich in proteins and bioactive compounds. PSC was enzymatically hydrolyzed to form PSC hydrolysate (PSCH) to enhance the absorption of PSC, and their effects on muscle health in mice were compared.

Bacteriophage Φ21's receptor-binding protein evolves new functions through destabilizing mutations that generate non-genetic phenotypic heterogeneity.

How viruses evolve to expand their host range is a major question with implications for predicting the next pandemic. Gain-of-function experiments have revealed that host-range expansions can occur through relatively few mutations in viral receptor-binding proteins, and the search for molecular mechanisms that explain such expansions is underway. Previous research on expansions of receptor use in bacteriophage λ has shown that mutations that destabilize λ's receptor-binding protein cause it to fold into new conformations that can utilize novel receptors but have weakened thermostability.

Single Position Prone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Review of the Current Literature.

Purpose Of Review: Spinal fusion, vital for treating various spinal disorders, has evolved since the introduction of the minimally invasive Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) by Pimenta in 2001. Traditionally performed in the lateral decubitus position, LLIF faces challenges such as intraoperative repositioning, neurological complications, and lack of access to lower lumbar levels. These challenges lead to long surgery times, increased rates of perioperative complications, and increased costs.

Evolution of Titanium Interbody Cages and Current Uses of 3D Printed Titanium in Spine Fusion Surgery.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize the history of titanium implants in spine fusion surgery and its evolution over time.

Recent Findings: Titanium interbody cages used in spine fusion surgery have evolved from solid metal blocks to porous structures with varying shapes and sizes in order to provide stability while minimizing adverse side effects. Advancements in technology, especially 3D printing, have allowed for the creation of highly customizable spinal implants to fit patient specific needs.

Comparing Artificial Intelligence Guided Image Assessment to Current Methods of Burn Assessment.

Appropriate identification of burn depth and size is paramount. Despite the development of burn depth assessment aids [eg, laser Doppler imaging (LDI)], clinical assessment, which assesses partial-thickness burn depth with 67% accuracy, currently remains the most consistent standard of practice. We sought to develop an image-based artificial intelligence system that predicts burn severity and wound margins for use as a triaging tool in thermal injury management.

EarlyTect BCD, a Streamlined PENK Methylation Test in Urine DNA, Effectively Detects Bladder Cancer in Patients with Hematuria.

The current noninvasive diagnostic approaches for detecting bladder cancer (BC) often exhibit limited clinical performance, especially for the initial diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the validity of a streamlined urine-based PENK methylation test called EarlyTect BCD in detecting BC in patients with hematuria scheduled for cystoscopy in Korean and American populations. The test seamlessly integrates two steps, linear target enrichment and quantitative methylation-specific PCR within a single closed tube.

Biomechanical engineering analysis of neochordae length's impact on chordal forces in mitral repair.

Objectives: Artificial neochordae implantation is commonly used for mitral valve (MV) repair. However, neochordae length estimation can be difficult to perform. The objective was to assess the impact of neochordae length changes on MV haemodynamics and neochordal forces.

Genomic surveillance reveals dynamic shifts in the connectivity of COVID-19 epidemics.

The maturation of genomic surveillance in the past decade has enabled tracking of the emergence and spread of epidemics at an unprecedented level. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, genomic data revealed that local epidemics varied considerably in the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage importation and persistence, likely due to a combination of COVID-19 restrictions and changing connectivity. Here, we show that local COVID-19 epidemics are driven by regional transmission, including across international boundaries, but can become increasingly connected to distant locations following the relaxation of public health interventions.

Rapid bacteria-phage coevolution drives the emergence of multiscale networks.

Interactions between species catalyze the evolution of multiscale ecological networks, including both nested and modular elements that regulate the function of diverse communities. One common assumption is that such complex pattern formation requires spatial isolation or long evolutionary timescales. We show that multiscale network structure can evolve rapidly under simple ecological conditions without spatial structure.

Prevention of contamination after endotracheal intubation using a dedicated sleeve.

Background: Contamination of work surfaces by used laryngoscopes after endotracheal intubation is a serious infection control concern but no strategies are available to address it. We assessed if contamination of the surfaces after endotracheal intubation would be reduced when providers used a dedicated, self-erected, disposable plastic sleeve (BladePouch) to store the used laryngoscope as compared to using single gloves or double gloves and sheathing the laryngoscope with the outer gloves.

Methods: Twenty participants were recruited including attending physicians, trainees and allied health care professionals.

Evaluation of Sensitive Urine DNA-Based PENK Methylation Test for Detecting Bladder Cancer in Patients with Hematuria.

Hematuria is a prevalent symptom associated with bladder cancer (BC). However, the invasiveness and cost of cystoscopy, the current gold standard for BC diagnosis in patients with hematuria, necessitate the development of a sensitive and accurate noninvasive test. This study introduces and validates a highly sensitive urine-based DNA methylation test.

Comparison of bacterial suppression by phage cocktails, dual-receptor generalists, and coevolutionarily trained phages.

The evolution and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have renewed interest in phage therapy, the use of bacterial viruses (phages) to combat bacterial infections. The delivery of phages in cocktails where constituent phages target different modalities (e.g.

Identification and validation of methylated PENK gene for early detection of bladder cancer using urine DNA.

Background: Early detection of bladder cancer (BCa) offers patients a favorable outcome and avoids the need for cystectomy. Development of an accurate and sensitive noninvasive BCa diagnostic test is imperative. DNA methylation is an early epigenetic event in the development of BCa.

Characteristics of Medical Schools in the United States Associated With Successful Match into Urology Residency Programs: Analysis of the 2016-2021 Urology Resident Cohort.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of US medical schools associated with successful urology match applicants.

Materials And Methods: Using publicly available data, demographics and bibliometrics were collected for 1814 current urology residents who attend a US-based Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Accredited program, reflecting matched applicants over a 6-year period from 2016-2021. A generated list of US feeder medical schools for urology was analyzed for correlative and predictive factors.

Gentamicin Inhibits Ca Channel TRPV5 and Induces Calciuresis Independent of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor-Claudin-14 Pathway.

Background: Treatment with the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin can be associated with severe adverse effects, including renal Ca wasting. The underlying mechanism is unknown but it has been proposed to involve activation of the Ca-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the thick ascending limb, which would increase expression of claudin-14 (CLDN14) and limit Ca reabsorption. However, no direct evidence for this hypothesis has been presented.

Activation of the calcium sensing receptor increases claudin-14 expression via a PLC -p38-Sp1 pathway.

Activation of the basolateral calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the renal tubular thick ascending limb (TAL) increases claudin-14 expression, which reduces paracellular calcium (Ca ) permeability, thus increasing urinary Ca excretion. However, the upstream signaling pathway contributing to altered CLDN14 gene expression is unknown. To delineate this pathway, we identified and then cloned the CaSR responsive region including the promoter of mouse Cldn14 into a luciferase reporter vector.

TRPV6 and Ca1.3 Mediate Distal Small Intestine Calcium Absorption Before Weaning.

Background & Aims: Intestinal Ca absorption early in life is vital to achieving optimal bone mineralization. The molecular details of intestinal Ca absorption have been defined in adults after peak bone mass is obtained, but they are largely unexplored during development. We sought to delineate the molecular details of transcellular Ca absorption during this critical period.

Activation of the calcium sensing receptor attenuates TRPV6-dependent intestinal calcium absorption.

Plasma calcium (Ca2+) is maintained by amending the release of parathyroid hormone and through direct effects of the Ca2+ sensing receptor (CaSR) in the renal tubule. Combined, these mechanisms alter intestinal Ca2+ absorption by modulating 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 production, bone resorption, and renal Ca2+ excretion. The CaSR is a therapeutic target in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypocalcemia a common complication of calcimimetic therapy.