A Rare Case of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded RNA In Situ Hybridization-Negative Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma With a Nonneoplastic Scar: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The etiology of pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) remains unclear. We report the case of an 83-year-old man with a history of smoking who presented without any significant complaints. Computed tomography (CT) performed to investigate emphysema revealed a nodular shadow in the left upper lobe.

Pulmonary Mycobacterium malmoense Infection in a Patient with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Systemic Sclerosis, and Interstitial Pneumonia: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature.

A 69-year-old man with systemic sclerosis and interstitial pneumonia presented with an abnormal shadow in the right upper lung lobe. A thoracoscopic needle biopsy was performed on the right upper lobe lesion, and Mycobacterium malmoense was identified by 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing. Surgical treatment was performed to obtain a radical cure, and lung squamous cell carcinoma and M.

New Formulas for Evaluation of Cyclohexanol Solidification on Substrates with Surface Nanostructures.

In semiconductor manufacturing, the sublimation drying process is crucial but poorly understood-particularly regarding the solidification of agents such as cyclohexanol on Si substrates. This knowledge gap results in inconsistent film properties and risks such as structural collapse. To address this critical gap in knowledge, the present study focused on an in-depth examination of the nucleation behavior exhibited by cyclohexanol during its cooling and solidification on Si substrates.

Perspectives on surgical treatment for thymic epithelial tumors: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Thymic epithelial tumors are relatively rare; thus, mostly retrospective studies and a few prospective randomized controlled trials have been conducted on the treatment and the biomarkers, with no standard therapy established. Indications for extended thymectomy, robot-assisted thoracic surgery, and multidisciplinary treatment are controversial. Here, we considered the prospects of surgical treatment and the possibility of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment for thymic epithelial tumors.

Kinetics formulation for Two-Dimensional Growth Behavior of Water/Ice Interface on Si Substrate.

Sublimation drying is used in the drying process of semiconductor device manufacturing. However, the solidification behavior mechanics of sublimation agents on substrates has not been clarified. Therefore, the properties of solidified films within substrate surfaces can become nonuniform, leading to their collapse.

The obesity paradox in Japanese COVID-19 patients.

To investigate the effect of obesity on mortality and invasive respiratory care (IRC) in patients with COVID-19. We studied 1,105 patients for 34 months and collected data. The primary outcome was all-cause death at 29 days.

Reward expectation enhances action-related activity of nigral dopaminergic and two striatal output pathways.

Neurons comprising nigrostriatal system play important roles in action selection. However, it remains unclear how this system integrates recent outcome information with current action (movement) and outcome (reward or no reward) information to achieve appropriate subsequent action. We examined how neuronal activity of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and dorsal striatum reflects the level of reward expectation from recent outcomes in rats performing a reward-based choice task.

Rat hippocampal CA1 region represents learning-related action and reward events with shorter latency than the lateral entorhinal cortex.

The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex are deeply involved in learning and memory. However, little is known how ongoing events are processed in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit. By recording from head-fixed rats during action-reward learning, here we show that the action and reward events are represented differently in the hippocampal CA1 region and lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC).

Sotrovimab use in Japanese inpatients with COVID-19: post-infusion adverse events.

Background: Sotrovimab neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 remained effective at the advent of B.1 lineage of the Omicron variant in outpatients. Primarily for hospitalized patients, however, the Japanese government regulated to administer this antibody agent.

Cerebellar Contributions to the Basal Ganglia Influence Motor Coordination, Reward Processing, and Movement Vigor.

Both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia are known for their roles in motor control and motivated behavior. These two systems have been classically considered as independent structures that coordinate their contributions to behavior via separate cortico-thalamic loops. However, recent evidence demonstrates the presence of a rich set of direct connections between these two regions.

Predictors and Outcomes of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Patients With a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Above or Below 60.

Background Although potential therapeutic candidates for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are emerging, it is still unclear whether they will be effective in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 60% or higher. Our aim was to identify the clinical characteristics of these patients with HFpEF by comparing them to patients with LVEF below 60%. Methods and Results From a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort (PURSUIT-HFpEF [Prospective Multicenter Obsevational Study of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction]), we investigated 812 consecutive patients (median age, 83 years; 57% women), including 316 with 50% ≤ LVEF <60% and 496 with 60% ≤ LVEF, and compared the clinical backgrounds of the 2 groups and their prognoses for cardiac mortality or HF readmission.

Survey on the current status of the indication and implementation protocols for bile replacement in patients with external biliary drainage with special reference to infection control.

Purpose: This survey of bile replacement (BR) was conducted on patients with external biliary drainage to assess the current status of indication and implementation protocol of BR with special reference to infection control.

Methods: A 12-item questionnaire regarding the performance of perioperative BR was sent to 124 institutions in Japan.

Results: BR was performed in 29 institutions, and the indication protocol was introduced in 19.

Casirivimab-imdevimab neutralizing SARS-CoV-2: post-infusion clinical events and their risk factors.

Background: Casirivimab-imdevimab has been developed to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. The global clinical trials in outpatients documented several adverse effects (AE), which mandate caution in Japan where part of patients return home. To investigate post-infusion clinical events and their risk factors, we attempted a retrospective study.

Prognostic Importance of Pulmonary Arterial Capacitance in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background Although the prognostic importance of pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC; stroke volume/pulmonary arterial pulse pressure) has been elucidated in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, whether its significance in patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not known. We aimed to examine the association of PAC with outcomes in inpatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Methods and Results We prospectively studied 705 patients (median age, 83 years; 55% women) registered in PURSUIT-HFpEF (Prospective Multicenter Observational Study of Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction).

Prognostic relevance of elevated plasma osmolality on admission in acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from PURSUIT-HFpEF registry.

Background: Complicated pathophysiology makes it difficult to identify the prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). While plasma osmolality has been reported to have prognostic importance, mainly in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), its prognostic meaning for HFpEF has not been elucidated.

Methods: We prospectively studied 960 patients in PURSUIT-HFpEF, a multicenter observational study of acute decompensated HFpEF inpatients.

Distinctive prognostic factor of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction stratified with admission blood pressure.

Aims: The prognostic importance of admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is elusive. We aimed to clarify the pathophysiological differences between patients categorized with admission SBP among HFpEF patients.

Methods And Results: We studied 1008 inpatients from PURSUIT-HFpEF, a multicentre prospective observational registry.

Regioselective Synthesis of α-Functional Stilbenes via Precise Control of Rapid - Isomerization in Flow.

The rapid - isomerization of α-anionic stilbene was regioselectively controlled by using flow microreactors, and its reaction with various electrophiles was conducted. The reaction time was precisely controlled within milliseconds to seconds at -50 °C to selectively give the - or -isomer in high yields. This synthetic method in flow was well-applied to synthesize precursors of commercial drug compound, ()- and ()-tamoxifen with high regioselectivity and productivity.

Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

The efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear, especially in patients older than 80 years. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 10 patients older than 80 years with NSCLCs treated by ICIs. The median age was 85 years (range, 82-93 years), and 7 patients were men.

HOMO-LUMO Energy-Gap Tuning of π-Conjugated Zwitterions Composed of Electron-Donating Anion and Electron-Accepting Cation.

π-Conjugated molecules with small highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gaps (Δ) have been extensively studied because of their unique optoelectronic properties. Although the expansion of π-conjugation is one of the well-known approaches for designing molecules with small Δ values, such an approach inevitably gives large π-conjugated molecules sometimes suffering from synthetic difficulty and low solubility toward organic solvents. To develop relatively small donor-acceptor molecules with small Δ values, we have designed and synthesized π-conjugated zwitterions composed of electron-donating anions, such as phenoxide and anthroxide, and electron-accepting cations, such as pyridinium and acridinium.

Prognostic Importance of Right Ventricular-Vascular Uncoupling in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Recent accumulating evidence reveals that the right ventricular (RV)-pulmonary artery (PA) uncoupling is associated with poor outcome in patients with heart failure (HF), RV dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension. However, the prognostic utility of RV-PA uncoupling in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains elusive. In this study, we aim to investigate the associations of RV-PA uncoupling with outcomes of HFpEF inpatients.

A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial of Early versus Late Favipiravir Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.

Favipiravir is an oral broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is approved for treatment of influenza in Japan. We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19 at 25 hospitals across Japan. Eligible patients were adolescents and adults admitted with COVID-19 who were asymptomatic or mildly ill and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.

Mortality related to drug-resistant organisms in surgical sepsis-3: an 8-year time trend study using sequential organ failure assessment scores.

The difference in sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores from the baseline to sepsis is a known predictor of sepsis-3 outcome, but the prognostic value of drug-resistant organisms for mortality is unexplained. We employed sepsis stewardship and herein report an observational study. Study subjects were patients admitted to the Departments of Surgery/Chest Surgery from 2011 through 2018 with a diagnosis of sepsis and a SOFA score of 2 or more.