A case of rapidly progressing and poorly differentiated Ip-type early-stage colorectal adenocarcinoma.

A 36-year-old woman visited our hospital with a chief complaint of bleeding during defecation. Colonoscopy revealed a 20-mm pedunculated polyp in the sigmoid colon, which was en bloc resected under endoscopy. The histopathological diagnosis was adenoma cancer with a depth of invasion indicating mucosal cancer, no lymphovascular invasion, and negative at the resection margin.

Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) and Rectal Prolapse.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition wherein one or more of the organs in the pelvis slip down from their original position and protrude into the vagina. Pelvic organ prolapse surgery has increased in the urogynecological field due to higher aging society. POP patients often suffer from bowel dysfunction, such as difficulty of bowel movements and the need to strain or push on the vagina to have a bowel movement.

Licochalcone A Inhibits and Gene Expression and Hypoxic Growth of Human Tumor Cell Lines.

Hypoxic cellular proliferation is a common feature of tumor cells and is associated with tumor progression. Therefore, the inhibition of hypoxic cellular proliferation is expected to regulate malignancy processes. Licochalcone A (LicA) is known to show inhibitory effects on cell growth in normoxia, but it is unclear whether LicA exerts similar effects in hypoxia.

Comparative outcomes between palliative ileostomy and colostomy in patients with malignant large bowel obstruction.

Objectives: Palliative stoma creation should be considered in patients at high risk of colonic metallic stent failure. However, it is unclear whether ileostomy or colostomy is superior. This study compared short-term outcomes between palliative ileostomy and colostomy.

Comparative study between colonic metallic stent and anal tube decompression for Japanese patients with left-sided malignant large bowel obstruction.

Background: Surgical management of malignant bowel obstruction carries with high morbidity and mortality. Placement of a trans-anal decompression tube (TDT) has traditionally been used for malignant bowel obstruction as a bridge to surgery. Recently, colonic metallic stent (CMS) as a bridge to surgery for malignant bowel obstruction, particularly left-sided malignant large bowel obstruction (LMLBO) caused by colorectal cancer, has been reported to be both a safe and feasible option.

[Multicentral Questionnaire Results for Consciousness of Medical Personnel on Chemotherapy for Gastric and Colorectal Cancer].

When a medical provider(medical personnel)becomes a medical receiver(patient), does the consciousness about chemotherapy change ? If yes, what is the main reason ? In this study, we conducted a questionnaire on the consciousness of doctors and pharmacologists engaged in chemotherapy for gastric and/or colorectal cancer. The number of questionnaires collected was 83 and 92 for gastric and colorectal cancer, respectively. In adjuvant chemotherapy, 5%and 4%do not want to receive any chemotherapy for gastric and colorectal cancer if they are patients.

Multi-panel assay of serum autoantibodies in colorectal cancer.

Background: Although serum p53 autoantibodies (s-p53-Abs) are induced even in the early stages of colorectal cancer, their positive rate is only approximately 20%. Therefore, we assessed the possibility of using other serum autoantibodies to increase the positive rates for detecting colorectal cancer.

Methods: Autoantibodies against 17 tumor antigens (p53, RalA, HSP70, Galectin1, KM-HN-1, NY-ESO-1, p90, Sui1, HSP40, CyclinB1, HCC-22-5, c-myc, PrxVI, VEGF, HCA25a, p62, and Annexin II) were evaluated in 279 patients with colorectal cancer and 74 healthy controls.

Inverse Resistance Change CrGeTe-Based PCRAM Enabling Ultralow-Energy Amorphization.

Phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) has attracted much attention for next-generation nonvolatile memory that can replace flash memory and can be used for storage-class memory. Generally, PCRAM relies on the change in the electrical resistance of a phase-change material between high-resistance amorphous (reset) and low-resistance crystalline (set) states. Herein, we present an inverse resistance change PCRAM with CrGeTe (CrGT) that shows a high-resistance crystalline reset state and a low-resistance amorphous set state.

Differences in innervated neurons of the internal anal sphincter based on age and sex: A histological study.

Aim: Previous studies have shown sex and age differences in anal sphincter function, but few morphological studies have focused on the quality and quantity of the nerves that control the sphincter muscles. The present study aimed to determine whether there are morphological and quantitative sex and age differences in the nerves in the conjoined longitudinal muscle.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study using surgical specimens from 44 patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection between 2003 and 2012.

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and levofolinate for T3 or T4 stage II/III rectal cancer: the FACT trial.

Purpose: A multicenter phase II clinical study was performed in patients with T3 or T4 stage II/III rectal cancer to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, levofolinate, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6).

Methods: Patients received four 2-week cycles of mFOLFOX6 therapy (oxaliplatin at 85 mg/m + leucovorin at 200 mg/m + fluorouracil as a 400 mg/m bolus followed by infusion of 2400 mg/m over 46 h, all on Day 1). They were evaluated by computed tomography after completion of the fourth cycle.

[A Case of Aortoesophageal Fistula Rupture Due to Descending Thoracic Aortic Dissection with Recurrent Colon Cancer during Chemotherapy Containing Bevacizumab].

We report a case of aortoesophageal fistula rupture during the course of chemotherapy following colon cancer resection. The patient was a 77-year-old woman. Following recurrence of cancer of the sigmoid colon, the patient received a course of XELOX plus bevacizumab(Bmab)to treat peritoneal dissemination and lung metastases.

A lightweight shape-memory magnesium alloy.

Shape-memory alloys (SMAs), which display shape recovery upon heating, as well as superelasticity, offer many technological advantages in various applications. Those distinctive behaviors have been observed in many polycrystalline alloy systems such as nickel titantium (TiNi)-, copper-, iron-, nickel-, cobalt-, and Ti-based alloys but not in lightweight alloys such as magnesium (Mg) and aluminum alloys. Here we present a Mg SMA showing superelasticity of 4.

Early Tumor Shrinkage and Depth of Response as Predictors of Favorable Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with FOLFOX Plus Cetuximab (JACCRO CC-05).

Background: Retrospective studies have found that early tumor shrinkage (ETS) and depth of response (DpR) are associated with favorable outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC); however, few prospective studies have evaluated ETS and DpR.

Patients And Methods: We performed a phase II study of FOLFOX plus cetuximab as first-line treatment in Japanese patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC. The primary endpoint was response rate (RR), and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), chronological tumor shrinkage (evaluated every 8 weeks), and safety.

Chemoradiation therapy with S-1 for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: report of three cases.

Purpose: Although successful treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the rectum using chemoradiation therapy (CRT) has been reported, a standard protocol has yet to be established. The aim is to ascertain the effectiveness of CRT with S-1 for three patients with SCC of the rectum.

Case Presentation: We treated three female patients complaining of rectal bleeding.

Three-year monitoring of serum p53 antibody during chemotherapy and surgery for stage IV rectal cancer.

The overexpression of mutant p53 stimulates serum p53 antibody production in patients with colorectal carcinoma even in superficial tumors. Although the short-term perioperative monitoring of serum p53 antibody titers is reported to be useful in predicting tumor recurrence and patient survival in colorectal carcinoma, the clinical utility of the long-term monitoring of serum p53 antibody titers in patients with colorectal cancer remains unknown. Here, we report the 3-year monitoring of serum p53 antibody titers in a 60-year-old man with rectal cancer, clinical stage IV (T2N2M1b, lung and liver metastases), who was treated with chemotherapy and surgery.

Microsatellite Alterations With Allelic Loss at 9p24.2 Signify Less-Aggressive Colorectal Cancer Metastasis.

Background & Aims: Molecular events that lead to recurrence and/or metastasis after curative treatment of patients with colorectal cancers (CRCs) are poorly understood. Patients with stage II or III primary CRC with elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats and low levels of microsatellite instability (E/L) are more likely to have disease recurrence after treatment. Hypoxia and/or inflammation not only promote metastasis, but also induce elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats by causing deficiency of MSH3 in the cancer cell nucleus.

Potential tumor spread of lateral pelvic lymphatic flow in low rectal cancer.

Background/aims: In Japan lateral pelvic lymph node dissection has been actively performed with total mesorectal excision for low rectal cancer. However, its definitive efficacy remains unclear. This study is to evaluate clinical significance of lateral pelvic lymphatic drainage in low rectal cancer patients by 99mTc-Sn colloid radioactive tracers.

Significance of KRAS mutation in patients receiving mFOLFOX6 with or without bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background/aims: KRAS mutation is an important prognostic factor for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy. However, the influence of KRAS mutation on the response to mFOLFOX6 ± bevacizumab remains unclear.

Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed 49 patients who received modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) ± bevacizumab as first-line therapy.

[Total parenteral nutrition and the usefulness of CV ports].

Management of nutrition in cancer patients plays an important role in supporting anti-cancer treatment. Parenteral nutrition is considered to assist with nutrition in cancer patients. Central venous catheters(CVC)are useful for intravenous infusion of not only nutrients with high osmotic pressure but also chemotherapeutic drugs and other substances.

Phase I trial of preoperative chemoradiation therapy with S-1 for low rectal cancer.

Background/aims: A phase I study was performed to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicity and the recommended dose of the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 when administered concurrently with radiation therapy to 9 Japanese patients with low rectal cancer.

Methodology: S-1 was given orally for a total of 9 weeks (4 weeks alone and 5 weeks during radiation therapy) at oral doses of 65 mg/m2/day (n = 3 patients) or 80 mg/m2/day (n = 6 patients). Radiation therapy was administered in 1.

[A case of preoperative "bridge to chemotherapy" expandable metallic stent insertion and neoadjuvant therapy for obstructive colorectal cancer].

A 74-year-old woman was diagnosed with advanced rectal cancer and stenosis. To resolve the rectal stenosis, we successfully placed an expandable metallic stent across the stenosis. After stent placement, food intake improved, and a good quality of life was maintained.

Risk factors for parastomal hernia in Japanese patients with permanent colostomy.

Purpose: Although the definitive risk factors for parastomal hernia development remain unclear, potential contributing factors have been reported from Western countries. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for parastomal hernia in Japanese patients with permanent colostomies.

Methods: All patients who received abdominoperineal resection or total pelvic exenteration at our institution between December 2004 and December 2011 were reviewed.

MicroRNA-200c modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human colorectal cancer metastasis.

Objective: Distant metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family is a crucial inhibitor of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human cancer, the role of miR-200 members in the pathogenesis of metastatic CRC has not been investigated.

Design: Fifty-four pairs of primary CRC and corresponding matched liver metastasis tissue specimens were analysed for expression and methylation status of the miR-200 family members.

Down-regulation of MutS homolog 3 by hypoxia in human colorectal cancer.

Down-regulation of hMSH3 is associated with elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats and low levels of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism that down-regulates hMSH3 in CRC is not known. In this study, a significant association between over-expression of glucose transporter 1, a marker for hypoxia, and down-regulation of hMSH3 in CRC tissues was observed.