Exploring the Relationship between Parental Stress and Child Behavioral Problems in Precocious Puberty: The Role of Parenting and Coping Strategies.

Purpose: Children with precocious puberty undergo rapid physical changes that may lead to behavioral problems. Parenting style, along with parental stress and coping mechanisms, are important parental factors that affect the development of behavioral problems in children. Therefore, we examined the serial mediating effects of parenting style and parent's coping mechanisms on the relationship between parental stress and behavioral problems in girls with precocious puberty.

Early life factors of precocious puberty based on Korean nationwide data.

Precocious puberty is characterized by early sexual maturation in children before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. While puberty is initiated by the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, precise mechanisms triggering the early activation of this axis in children with central precocious puberty (CPP) remain elusive. Here, we aimed to identify variables that may influence the risk of CPP.

Body Composition Changes and Catch-up Growth in Pre-pubertal Children with Short Stature: A Longitudinal Retrospective Cross-sectional Cohort Study.

Objective: Predicting whether children with pre-pubertal short stature will achieve catch-up growth to a normal height or remain short remains a clinical challenge. As body composition plays a vital role in growth, this study aimed to compare longitudinal body composition changes in children with short stature who either achieved normal height by the onset of the growth spurt or remained short.

Methods: This longitudinal retrospective cross-sectional cohort study analyzed anthropometric and body composition data of children aged 8 and 12 years, allowing for both longitudinal tracking and cross-sectional comparisons.

Cohort profile: Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Rare Pediatric Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases in Korea (OUTSPREAD study).

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated.

Big data-based reference centiles for body composition in Korean children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The changes in body composition during puberty not only contribute to the differences in body composition between adult males and females but also have associations with growth problems and metabolic disorders, including obesity. Therefore, understanding the changes in body composition during the pubertal period and analyzing reference values based on race and gender are essential research resources. The objective of this study was to generate reference centiles for body composition on a monthly basis using an extensive dataset of body composition information from Korean children and adolescents.

Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic with HbA1c Testing and Complication Screening in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission levels and undergoing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test and complication screenings among patients with diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: We included a total of 3601 diabetes patients' data from the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey to analyze the extent of the HbA1c testing and fundus examination, and 3592 diabetes patients' data to analyze kidney disease screening. COVID-19 transmission levels were classified into low transmission (Busan, Gwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan, and Sejong) and high transmission (Daegu, where the first large outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Korea).

The estimation of pubertal growth spurt parameters using the superimposition by translation and rotation model in Korean children and adolescents: a longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives: Understanding the characteristics of the pubertal growth spurt in Korean children and adolescents can serve as crucial foundational data for researching puberty and growth-related disorders. This study aims to estimate the key parameters of pubertal growth, specifically the age and magnitude of the pubertal growth spurt, utilizing longitudinal data from a cohort of Korean children and adolescents.

Methods: This study used mixed longitudinal height data from a cohort of Korean elementary, middle, and high school students aged 7-18 years.

Long-term tracking of glycosylated hemoglobin levels across the lifespan in type 1 diabetes: from infants to young adults.

Purpose: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is commonly used as a monitoring tool in diabetes. Due to the potential influence of insulin resistance (IR), HbA1c level may fluctuate over a person's lifetime. This study explores the long-term tracking of HbA1c level in individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from infancy to early adulthood.

Prediction of insulin resistance and elevated liver transaminases using serum uric acid and derived markers in children and adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of serum uric acid (Uacid) and derived parameters as predictors of insulin resistance (IR) and elevated liver transaminases in children and adolescents METHODS: Data of 1648 participants aged 10-18 years was analyzed using nationwide survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed with IR and elevated liver transaminases as dependent variables, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles 2 and 3 of each parameter in comparison to tertile 1, which served as the reference. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess predictability of the parameters for IR and elevated liver transaminases.

Timing, velocity, and magnitude of pubertal changes in body composition: a longitudinal study.

Background: Pubertal changes in body composition significantly influence future health, with links to various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the weight changes, fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat mass (BFM) during pubertal growth in Korean children and adolescents.

Methods: We utilized mixed longitudinal data, employing bioelectrical impedance analysis for 4641 height measurements (2204 boys, 2437 girls) from 361 individuals (170 boys, 191 girls) aged 7-18 years.

Effectiveness and safety of pamidronate treatment in nonambulatory children with low bone mineral density.

Purpose: Nonambulatory pediatric patients may have low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of pathologic fractures. Though bisphosphonate therapy is the mainstream medical intervention in these children, clinical data regarding this treatment are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonate therapy in such children.

The influence of pituitary volume on the growth response in growth hormone-treated children with growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature.

Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for assessing the morphology of the pituitary gland in children with short stature. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine if pituitary volume (PV) can distinguish patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency from those with idiopathic short stature (ISS), (2) to validate an association between PV and severity of GH deficiency, and (3) to compare PV between good and poor response groups in children with GH deficiency or ISS after 1 year of treatment.

Methods: Data were collected from the medical records of 152 children with GH deficiency or ISS who underwent GH stimulation test, sella MRI, and GH treatment for at least 1 year.

Parental metabolic syndrome and elevated liver transaminases are risk factors for offspring, even in children and adolescents with a normal body mass index.

Introduction: The parent-child correlation in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated transaminases is sparsely researched. We assessed the correlation of parental MetS and elevated transaminase status with these conditions in their children.

Methods: Data of 4,167 youths aged 10-18 years were analyzed in a population-based survey, and the parental characteristics were stratified by the presence or absence of MetS or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in their children.

Bone Age Estimation and Prediction of Final Adult Height Using Deep Learning.

Purpose: The appropriate evaluation of height and accurate estimation of bone age are crucial for proper assessment of the growth status of a child. We developed a bone age estimation program using a deep learning algorithm and established a model to predict the final adult height of Korean children.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1678 radiographs from 866 children, for which the interpretation results were consistent between two pediatric endocrinologists, were used to train and validate the deep learning model.

Effect of catch-up sleep on obesity in Korean adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Adolescents have weekday/weekend sleep discrepancies and may compensate for weekday sleep debt through sleep extension on weekends.

Objective: We investigated the effects of total sleep duration on weekdays/weekends on obesity and determined if weekend catch-up sleep has an ameliorating effect on obesity in Korean adolescents.

Methods: Using data from the KNHANES VII, 1,306 middle and high school students were assessed for total sleep duration on weekdays, weekends, and the entire week, as well as weekend sleep extension.

Trends in HOMA-IR values among South Korean adolescents from 2007-2010 to 2019-2020: a sex-, age-, and weight status-specific analysis.

Background/objectives: An increase in obesity prevalence may lead to an increase in the HOMA-IR value. This study aimed to investigate changes in age- and sex-specific homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values among South Korean adolescents, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV, V, and VIII conducted between 2007-2010 and 2019-2020.

Subjects/methods: Overall, 4621 adolescents aged 10-18 years were evaluated, including 3473 from the 2007-2010 dataset and 1148 from the 2019-2020 dataset.

The mediating effects of parenting style on the relationship between parental stress and behavioral problems in girls with precocious puberty in Korea: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of parenting style on the relationship between parental stress and behavioral problems of girls with precocious puberty.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed a convenience sample of 200 mothers of girls with precocious puberty at a university hospital located in a metropolitan area. The Parental Stress measurement, Parents as Social Context Questionnaire, and Korean version Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) 6-18 were measured via self-report questionnaires.

Effects of Androgen Treatment on Growth in Patients with 5-α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency.

Background: Patients with 5-α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5αRD2) require androgen treatment for the growth of normal male external genitalia. Since limited research has been conducted on the effects of androgen treatment on height in individuals with 5αRD2, we investigated the effect of androgen treatment on bone age (BA) and the height status in children with 5αRD2.

Methods: Of the 19 participants who were followed up for an average of 10.

Effects of Early Wake-Up Time on Obesity in Adolescents.

Although numerous studies have reported that obesity in adolescents is related to shorter sleep duration, few studies have reported the effect of sleep timing, particularly early wake-up time, on obesity. To investigate the association between wake-up time and adolescent obesity. Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII data, 1301 middle school and high school students were selected and grouped according to BMI.

Changes in the Prevalences of Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Korean Children during the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the prevalences of obesity, abdominal obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.

Materials And Methods: This population-based study investigated the prevalences of obesity, abdominal obesity, and NAFLD among 1428 children and adolescents between 2018-2019 and 2020. We assessed the prevalences of obesity, abdominal obesity, and NAFLD according to body mass index, age, sex, and residential district.

The Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Human 5α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency: Classified and Analyzed from a SRD5A2 Structural Perspective.

The phenotype of the 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5αRD2) by the gene mutation varies, and although there have been many attempts, the genotype-phenotype correlation still has not yet been adequately evaluated. Recently, the crystal structure of the 5α-reductase type 2 isozyme (SRD5A2) has been determined. Therefore, the present study retrospectively evaluated the genotype-phenotype correlation from a structural perspective in 19 Korean patients with 5αRD2.