Lipidomic profiling of human bile distinguishes cholangiocarcinoma from benign bile duct diseases with high specificity and sensitivity: a prospective descriptive study.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy originating in the bile ducts. Owing to limitations involving pathological sampling, the clinical differentiation of CCA from benign biliary diseases remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the differences between the bile lipidomes of CCA patients and those of patients with benign disease to develop a bile lipid classifier that can help to differentiate CCA from benign conditions.

Chronic Anatabine Administration Attenuates Cardiovascular Activity by Targeting NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1-Dependent Pyroptosis and Oxidative Stress in Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypertensive Rat.

Hypertension is characterized by chronic inflammation. Anatabine, a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory properties, has demonstrated potential in regulating inflammatory pathways. However, its impact on cardiovascular activity in the context of hypertension remains unclear.

Clinical value of ultrasound-guided full-needle path anesthesia in transperineal prostate biopsy: An observational study.

Background: The pain sensation in a transperineal prostate biopsy was obvious. This study explored the clinical value of ultrasound-guided full-needle path anesthesia in transperineal prostate biopsy.

Methods: Two hundred patients who underwent ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy at our department were randomly divided into 2 groups.

Microbial Dysbiosis Linked to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Asians: Promotes Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Network Instability in the Prevotella Enterotype.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation by metabolic dysfunction. The rising prevalence of MAFLD, especially among Asians, may be associated with changes in gut microbiota. We investigated gut microbiota characteristics and potential mechanisms leading to MAFLD development according to enterotypes.

Towards disentangling the classification of freshwater fish trypanosomes.

Unlabelled: Currently, new species of freshwater fish trypanosomes, which are economically important parasites, are being described based on subjectively selected features, i.e., their cell morphology and the host species.

Interaction of environmental factors with the polygenic risk scores of thinness-related genes in preventing obesity risk in middle-aged adults: The KoGES.

Background: Some persons are genetically resistant to obesity, but only a few studies have evaluated thinness genes for preventing obesity. We aimed to investigate the association of polygenic variants with being underweight and their interaction with the lifestyles of middle-aged and elderly persons and identify potential new genetic approaches for managing body weight.

Methods: In total, 58,701 participants aged 40-77 years were recruited from urban hospitals in Korea.

Regular exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking interact with the polygenetic risk scores involved in insulin sensitivity and secretion for the risk of concurrent hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Objectives: 3GO, defined as the simultaneous presence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, is rising in Asians. We determined polygenetic risk scores (PRS) for 3GO risk and the interactions between PRS and lifestyle habits on 3GO risk in Korean adults aged 40 to 77 y recruited from the urban hospital cohort of the Korean Genomic and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), conducted from 2004 to 2013.

Methods: Participants were divided into a group with 3GO (n = 570) and a group without any of the three components of 3GO (0GO; n = 14 155).

Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with potential neuroprotective activities from the stems and leaves of .

A chemical study on the stems and leaves of resulted in the isolation and identification of a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, melodicochine A (), together with seven known monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (-). The chemical structure of was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral data analyses and the known compounds were identified by comparing their experimental spectral data with the reported data in the literature. All isolated indole alkaloids were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells .

Associations of Polygenetic Variants at the 11q23 Locus and Their Interactions with Macronutrient Intake for the Risk of 3GO, a Combination of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, and Dyslipidemia.

3GO is a condition in which hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia co-occur, and these conditions are related to each other and genetic and environmental factors. We hypothesized that common genetic variants and their interactions with lifestyles influenced 3GO risk. We aimed to explore common genetic variants to affect 3GO risk and their haplotype interaction with lifestyles in a city hospital-based cohort in 58,701 Koreans > 40 years.

Bioactive prenylated coumarins as potential anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV agents from Clausena lenis.

The phytochemical study on the stems of Clausena lenis resulted in the isolation of three new prenylated coumarins, clauselenins A-C (1-3), together with nine known prenylated coumarins (4-12). The chemical structures of new prenylated coumarins (1-3) were elucidated by means of comprehensive spectral analyses and the known compounds (4-12) were determined by means of comparing their experimental spectral data with those described data in the literatures. All isolated prenylated coumarins were assessed for their anti-inflammatory effects together with anti-HIV activities in vitro.

NOD-Like Receptors: Guardians of Intestinal Mucosal Barriers.

The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors, which are critically involved in mucosal immune defense. The association of the NLR, NOD2, with inflammatory bowel disease first pointed to the NLRs potential function as guardians of the intestinal barrier. Since then, several studies have emphasized the importance of NLRs in maintaining gut homeostasis and intestinal infections, and in shaping the microbiota.

Nod1 and Nod2 signaling does not alter the composition of intestinal bacterial communities at homeostasis.

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) harbour intestinal bacterial communities with altered composition compared with healthy counterparts; however, it is unknown whether changes in the microbiota are associated with genetic susceptibility of individuals for developing disease or instead reflect other changes in the intestinal environment related to the disease itself. Since deficiencies in the innate immune receptors Nod1 and Nod2 are linked to IBD, we tested the hypothesis that Nod-signaling alters intestinal immune profiles and subsequently alters bacterial community structure. We used qPCR to analyze expression patterns of selected immune mediators in the ileum and cecum of Nod-deficient mice compared with their Nod-sufficient littermates and assessed the relative abundance of major bacterial groups sampled from the ileum, cecum and colon.