Gut microbiota-derived isovaleric acid ameliorates influenza virus infection via gut-lung axis.

H9N2 influenza virus infections represent a significant respiratory health concern, yet the functional role of gut microbiota during infection progression remains poorly understood. Here, we show that H9N2 infection causes dose-dependent alterations in gut microbial communities in a mammalian infection model, particularly the depletion of Prevotella species. Prophylactic administration of Prevotella copri improved survival and clinical outcomes in infected mice by restructuring the gut microbiome, promoting beneficial bacteria, and suppressing pathogens.

Evaluation of broad-spectrum protection by novel mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants (Delta, Omicron-BA.5, XBB-EG.5) in the golden hamster model.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has continuously evolved, with new variants like Delta, Omicron-BA.5, and XBB-EG.5 posing challenges to vaccine efficacy.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-derived outer membrane vesicles reprogram gut microbiota metabolism to alleviate Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus infection.

Background: The Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is one of the major challenges facing the global pig farming industry, and vaccines and treatments have proven difficult in controlling its spread. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F.prausnitzii), a key commensal bacterium in the gut, has been recognized as a promising candidate for next-generation probiotics due to its potential wide-ranging health benefits.

Immunoprotective effect of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing largemouth bass virus MCP on largemouth bass.

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is an infectious pathogen that causes high mortality rates in largemouth bass, and outbreaks of this virus can significantly harm the aquaculture industry. Currently, no vaccine has been developed that can effectively prevent the transmission of LMBV. In this study, we constructed a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L.

The Acetic Acid Produced by Lactobacillus Species Regulates Immune Function to Alleviate PEDV Infection in Piglets.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection results in significant mortality among newborn piglets, leading to substantial economic setbacks in the pig industry. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), the metabolites of intestinal probiotics, play pivotal roles in modulating intestinal function, enhancing the intestinal barrier, and bolstering immune responses through diverse mechanisms. The protective potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Lactococcus lactis was first noted when administered to PEDV-infected piglets.

Ferritin-binding and ubiquitination-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent immune responses and protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incessantly engenders mutating strains via immune escape mechanisms, substantially escalating the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome. In this context, the urgent development of innovative and efficacious mRNA vaccines is imperative. In our study, we synthesized six unique mRNA vaccine formulations: the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) monomer vaccine, RBD dimer (2RBD) vaccine, RBD-Ferritin (RBD-Fe) vaccine, ubiquitin-modified wild-type Nucleocapsid gene (WT-N) vaccine, rearranged Nucleocapsid gene (Re-N) vaccine, and an epitope-based (COVID-19 epitope) vaccine, all encapsulated within the lipid nanoparticle SM102.

Gut microbiota-derived LCA mediates the protective effect of PEDV infection in piglets.

Background: The gut microbiota is a critical factor in the regulation of host health, but the relationship between the differential resistance of hosts to pathogens and the interaction of gut microbes is not yet clear. Herein, we investigated the potential correlation between the gut microbiota of piglets and their disease resistance using single-cell transcriptomics, 16S amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, and untargeted metabolomics.

Results: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection leads to significant changes in the gut microbiota of piglets.

Isolation and pathogenicity evaluation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from common carp, Cyprinus carpio.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the primary serotype of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which can cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is considered as a major health concern due to it being a zoonotic disease that is transmitted through food.

0111 Protects Against Influenza Virus by Modulating Intestinal Microbial-Mediated Immune Responses.

There are some limitations of traditional influenza vaccines concerning novel mutant strains. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop preventive means for antigen-unrelated types of influenza viruses. Recent studies have shown that probiotics can modulate the immune system and reduce the severity of viral infections.

Bacillus subtilis BSH has a protective effect on Salmonella infection by regulating the intestinal flora structure in chickens.

Salmonellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that poses a serious threat to the reproduction of livestock and poultry and the health of young animals. Probiotics including Bacillus species, have received increasing attention as a substitute for antibiotics. In this study, chicks infected with Salmonella were fed feed supplemented with the BSH to observe the pathological changes in the liver, detect the number of viable bacteria in the liver and spleen, and record the death of the chicks.

Lactobacillus plantarum surface-displayed influenza antigens (NP-M2) with FliC flagellin stimulate generally protective immune responses against H9N2 influenza subtypes in chickens.

The H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry every year. Vaccines that induce a mucosal immune response may be successful against influenza virus infection because its transmission occurs primarily in the mucosa. To develop novel and potent oral vaccines based on Lactobacillus plantarum (L.