Background And Objective: Iatrogenic spinal durotomies occur at a rate of 1% to 17%. Surgical simulation for durotomy repair is needed to provide affordable, accessible, and validated practice. This study sought to design and validate a simple 3-dimensional printed model for spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair and to introduce the Rochester original objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) CSF leak (ROCL) repair criteria for assessment.
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