A Scoping Review of Health-Related Citizen Science Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples in Australia and Internationally.

Issue Addressed: Citizen science, an approach to health promotion that involves public participation and collaboration, has been posited as a promising approach to reach diverse or marginalised populations. This scoping review aims to explore the involvement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and other First Nations and Indigenous peoples internationally in citizen science in health-related studies. While current health promotion in Indigenous communities is already strongly embedded in participatory approaches, we sought to examine whether citizen science methodologies have been used in health promotion and see what it could add.

Gait characteristics in older adults with higher-level gait disorders during normal, dual-task, and destabilising walking conditions at home and their association with cognitive impairment.

Background: Gait disorders are common among older adults and contribute to falls and immobility. This study aimed to explore gait characteristics in older adults with higher-level gait disorders during normal, dual-task, and destabilising walking conditions at home, and their association with cognitive impairment.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the community with two groups (n = 60): older adults with higher-level gait disorders and an age- and gender-matched non-gait disorder (control) group.

Applying collective impact in Aboriginal health services and research: three case studies tell an important story.

Background: Co-design is the latest buzzword in healthcare services and research and is ubiquitous in Australian funding grants and policy documents. There are no standards for what constitutes co-design and it is often confused with less collaborative processes such as consultation. Collective impact is a co-design tool used for complex and entrenched problems.

A Safe Mobilisation Program to Improve Functional Mobility and Reduce Fall Risks in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults with Higher Level Gait Disorders: A Pilot Study.

Background: The association between gait and cognition, and their combined impact on postural stability may underlie the increased fall risk in older adults with dementia. However, there are few interventions to improve functional mobility and reduce fall risks in people with cognitive impairment.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a Safe Mobilisation Program for cognitively impaired older adults with higher level gait disorders.

Review of Gait, Cognition, and Fall Risks with Implications for Fall Prevention in Older Adults with Dementia.

Background: Older people with cognitive impairment are at increased risk of falls; however, fall prevention strategies have limited success in this population. The aim of this paper is to review the literature to inform a theoretical framework for fall prevention in older adults with dementia.

Summary: A narrative review was conducted on fall risk factors in people with cognitive impairment, the relationship between cognition and gait, and their joint impact on the risk of falls.

Interventions to Improve Gait in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To review intervention programs that measure gait to investigate what features of the intervention may contribute to improving gait in older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia.

Design: Systematic review using Medline, Cinahl, Scopus, PsychInfo, Amed, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed for original research published in English between January 1, 2000, and July 23, 2018, to identify interventional controlled trials. Narrative synthesis was undertaken.

Review of Short-Form Questions for the Evaluation of a Diet, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviour Intervention in a Community Program Targeting Vulnerable Australian Children.

Childhood obesity is associated with low socioeconomic status in developed countries, and community programs can deliver cost-effective obesity interventions to vulnerable children and adolescents at scale. Evaluating these programs in a low-cost, time-efficient, and culturally appropriate way with valid and reliable measures is essential to determining their effectiveness. We aimed to identify existing valid and reliable short-form instruments (≤50 items for diet, ≤15 items for physical activity) suitable for the assessment of change in diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in an Australian obesity intervention program for children and adolescents aged 7⁻13 years from low socioeconomic groups, with a focus on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

The conduct of Australian Indigenous primary health care research focusing on social and emotional wellbeing: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Objectives and importance of study: Values and ethics: guidelines for ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research (Values and ethics) describes key values that should underpin Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous)-focused health research. It is unclear how research teams address this document in primary health care research. We systematically review the primary health care literature focusing on Indigenous social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) to identify how Values and ethics and community preferences for standards of behaviour (local protocols) are addressed during research.

The quality of Australian Indigenous primary health care research focusing on social and emotional wellbeing: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Objectives and importance of the study: Primary health care research focused on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) people is needed to ensure that key frontline services provide evidence based and culturally appropriate care. We systematically reviewed the published primary health care literature to identify research designs, processes and outcomes, and assess the scientific quality of research focused on social and emotional wellbeing. This will inform future research to improve evidence based, culturally appropriate primary health care.

Poor food and nutrient intake among Indigenous and non-Indigenous rural Australian children.

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the food and nutrient intake of a population of rural Australian children particularly Indigenous children. Participants were aged 10 to 12 years, and living in areas of relative socio-economic disadvantage on the north coast of New South Wales.

Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 215 children with a mean age of 11.

The validation of a self-report measure and physical activity of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous rural children.

Purpose: To validate a self-report measure of physical activity for both Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous rural children, and to describe their physical activity participation.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 84 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and 146 non-Indigenous children aged 10-12 years old completed the Many Rivers Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire (MRPARQ), a modified version of the Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire (APARQ). A sub-group (n=86) wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days in order to validate the instrument.

The reliability and validity of a short FFQ among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous rural children.

Objective: To determine the reproducibility and validity of a short FFQ (SFFQ) for Australian rural children aged 10 to 12 years, particularly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

Design: In this cross-sectional study participants completed the SFFQ on two occasions and three 24 h recalls. Concurrent validity was established by comparing results of the first SFFQ against food recalls; reproducibility was established by comparing the two SFFQ.