Prevalence of otolaryngological disease in a refugee population compared to US-born patients.

Objective: Limited data exists regarding otolaryngological (ENT) disease in refugees and we aim to characterize its prevalence.

Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive chart review of adult US-born, immigrant, and refugee patients receiving care at a primary care clinic between 2014 and 2017. We report the prevalence of ENT disease by immigration status.

Predictors of successful natural sleep MRI for sensorineural hearing loss in infants.

Objectives: Cochlear implantation (CI) in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) before 12 months of age (mo) improves language outcomes. MRI is important to assess CI candidacy. Anesthesia before 3 years old may increase risk of neurocognitive delay.

Associations between demographic factors and pediatric otolaryngology access disparities in the COVID-19 era.

Objectives: To assess the impact of demographic factors and telehealth on access to pediatric otolaryngology care during the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by attendance.

Methods: Retrospective, observational study of all referrals to pediatric otolaryngology at a single, tertiary care pediatric hospital system in the US. All referrals placed to pediatric otolaryngology from March through December 2020 were compared with referrals between March and December 2019.

Racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic efficacy of comprehensive genetic testing for sensorineural hearing loss.

Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic rates of genetic testing is critical for health equity. We sought to understand the extent and cause of racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic efficacy of comprehensive genetic testing (CGT) for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We performed a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary children's hospitals on a diverse cohort of 240 consecutive pediatric patients (76% publicly insured, 82% non-White) with SNHL of unknown etiology who underwent CGT.

Efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery alone versus in combination with neurosurgical intervention for the treatment of pediatric subdural empyema.

Objectives: To compare treatment outcomes for sinogenic subdural empyema (SE) between those managed with initial endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) alone versus those treated with a combination of ESS and craniotomy over the last decade at our institution. To better characterize subdural empyema with regard to presentation, causative pathogens, and treatment course.

Methods: Retrospective single-center chart review to identify and evaluate pediatric SE patients between 2009 and 2019.

Airway Hemangiomas in PHACE Syndrome: A Multicenter Experience.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of airway findings in a multi-institutional cohort of PHACE patients.

Study Design: Multicenter retrospective case series.

Setting: Multidisciplinary vascular anomalies clinics at 2 institutions.

Association of Ebola Virus Infection With Hearing Loss in Regions Where Ebola Virus Infection Is Endemic: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Many survivors of Ebola virus infection describe new-onset hearing loss after infection. The prevalence, severity, and pathophysiologic features of hearing loss in this population have not been well characterized.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the current literature to characterize hearing loss in survivors of Ebola virus infection.

Sirolimus for management of complex vascular anomalies - A proposed dosing regimen for very young infants.

Neonates with vascular anomalies causing airway compromise and other complications require early initiation of medical therapy. Sirolimus has emerged as a safe and effective treatment, but standard recommendations for dosing start at seven months. Guidelines are needed for dosing in very young infants, who have reduced hepatic metabolism of sirolimus.

Survival and Surgical Outcomes for Pediatric Head and Neck Melanoma.

Importance: Melanoma in children is rare, accounting for approximately 2% of all pediatric malignant neoplasms. However, for the past 30 years, the incidence of melanoma in those younger than 20 years has been increasing. Location of the primary tumor has been shown to be an important prognostic factor, with melanomas of the scalp and neck conferring a worse prognosis than those originating at other sites.

Catch-up growth in infants with laryngomalacia after supraglottoplasty.

Importance: Laryngomalacia, the most common congenital anomaly of the infant airway, can lead to poor feeding and failure to thrive. The decision to perform the standard surgical treatment, supraglottoplasty, is often based upon a sustained period of poor weight gain or weight loss.

Objective: To characterize patterns of growth in infants with laryngomalacia, preceding and following supraglottoplasty.

Analysis of Growth Curves in Children After Adenotonsillectomy.

Importance: Several studies have documented that children gain more weight than expected after adenotonsillectomy.

Objectives: To examine patterns of change in weight and stature percentiles in children after adenotonsillectomy and to analyze clinical and demographic correlates of shifts in the growth curve.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this retrospective medical record review, we studied patients 18 years and younger who underwent adenotonsillectomy at an academic pediatric tertiary medical center and had at least one height and weight measurement recorded at each of the following time points: within 3 months before surgery, within 3 to 9 months after surgery, and within 12 to 27 months after surgery.

High prevalence of hearing impairment in HIV-infected Peruvian children.

Objectives: To measure the prevalence and to identify risk factors of hearing impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children living in Peru.

Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting: Two public hospitals and 1 nonprofit center in Lima, Peru, between August 2009 and April 2010.

Synthesis and evaluation of substrate analogue inhibitors of trypanothione reductase.

Trypanothione reductase (TR) is found in the trypanosomatid parasites, where it catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of the glutathione analogue, trypanothione, and is a key player in the parasite's defenses against oxidative stress. TR is a promising target for the development of antitrypanosomal drugs; here, we report our synthesis and evaluation of compounds 3-5 as low micromolar Trypanosoma cruzi TR inhibitors. Although 4 and 5 were designed as potential irreversible inhibitors, these compounds, as well as 3, displayed reversible competitive inhibition.

Prevalence and risk factors for encephalomyocarditis virus infection in Peru.

Although encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection has been commonly documented among domestic animals, less is known about EMCV transmission among humans. Recently, we described the isolation of EMCV from two febrile patients in Peru. To further investigate EMCV transmission in Peru, we screened febrile patients reporting to health clinics in Peru for serological evidence of recent EMCV infection.

Hearing impairment and poverty: the epidemiology of ear disease in Peruvian schoolchildren.

Objectives: 1) To measure prevalence of hearing impairment (HI) in schoolchildren living in poverty in Peru. 2) To identify risk factors for HI and assess its impact on academic performance.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

The anti-apoptotic activity of BAG3 is restricted by caspases and the proteasome.

Background: Caspase-mediated cleavage and proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated proteins are two independent mechanisms for the regulation of protein stability and cellular function. We previously reported BAG3 overexpression protected ubiquitinated clients, such as AKT, from proteasomal degradation and conferred cytoprotection against heat shock. We hypothesized that the BAG3 protein is regulated by proteolysis.

The synthesis and inhibitory activity of dethiotrypanothione and analogues against trypanothione reductase.

Trypanothione reductase (TR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trypanothione disulfide (1). TR plays a central role in the trypanosomatid parasite's defense against oxidative stress and has emerged as a promising target for antitrypanosomal drugs. We describe the synthesis and activity of dethiotrypanothione and analogues (2-4) as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi TR.

The role of proteomics in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the Western world and more than 70% of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease. The high mortality rate is due to the difficulty in the early detection of ovarian cancer. Current screening strategies lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity to reliably and accurately diagnose affected women, prompting investigators to seek alternative means of analysis found in protein pathways and networks.

SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry for cancer biomarker discovery and serum proteomic diagnostics.

Proteomics is more than the identification of proteins that are altered in expression as a consequence of disease. Among the tools critical for the detection, treatment and monitoring of disease are biomarkers. The necessity for new methods to identify and validate biomarkers is underscored by the increased survival of patients diagnosed at early stages of cancer.