Continuing evaluation of atrial fibrillation detection after cryptogenic stroke: 2-year findings from a multicentre study with Confirm Rx ICM.

Background: The detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) after a cryptogenic stroke (CS) carries important therapeutic implications. In this study, we aimed to accurately assess the incidence of AF among CS subjects by using an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM).

Methods: A prospective, single-arm, multicentre registry was conducted to identify AF in 155 CS subjects using the Confirm Rx ICM (Abbott, California, USA) across 20 global sites.

Augmentation of PM measurements based on machine learning model and environmental factors.

PM, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0 µm, can adversely affect human health. However, fewer stations are capable of measuring PM concentrations than PM and PM concentrations in real time (i.

Apixaban outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients with a single-dose reduction criterion: ASPIRE 1-year results.

Aims: This study, using a prospective cohort, evaluated the effectiveness and safety of off-label reduced-dose apixaban vs. the on-label dose in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients meeting a single-dose reduction criterion.

Methods And Results: The efficAcy and Safety of aPixaban In REal-world practice in Korean frail patients with AF (ASPIRE) study is a multicentre, prospective observational cohort involving AF patients who met a single-dose reduction criterion of apixaban.

Perioperative Factor Xa Inhibitor Discontinuation for Patients Undergoing Procedures With Minimal or Low Bleeding Risk.

Importance: Discontinuation of oral anticoagulant treatment is common in clinical practice due to concerns about bleeding, even for procedures with minimal to low bleeding risk.

Objective: To explore whether perioperative discontinuation of factor Xa inhibitors is associated with major bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing procedures with minimal to low bleeding risk.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, multicenter, single-arm cohort study conducted in Korea included patients with AF who planned to undergo a procedure with minimal to low bleeding risk between September 25, 2020, and April 5, 2024.

Signal-Guided Multitask Learning for Myocardial Infarction Classification Using Images of Electrocardiogram.

Introduction: The diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) needs to be swift and accurate, but definitively diagnosing it based on the first test encountered in clinical practice, the electrocardiogram (ECG), is not an easy task. The purpose of the study was to develop a deep learning (DL) algorithm using multitask learning method to differentiate patients experiencing MI from those without coronary artery disease using image-based ECG data.

Methods: A DL model was developed based on 11,227 ECG images.

Association of Adding Salt to Foods and Potassium Intake with Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the UK Biobank Study.

Background: High sodium and low potassium consumption are related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the relationship between the frequency of salt addition and potassium consumption with the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: Our study used the UK Biobank cohort, which included over 500,000 individuals enrolled from the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010.

Roseburia intestinalis-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate colitis by modulating intestinal barrier, microbiome, and inflammatory responses.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation, lacking a precise aetiology and definitive cure. The gut microbiome is vital in preventing and treating IBD due to its various physiological functions. In the interplay between the gut microbiome and human health, extracellular vesicles secreted by gut bacteria (BEVs) are key mediators.

All-Cause Death and Major Adverse Events in Atrial Fibrillation with Frailty: Observations from the Korea National Health Insurance Service Data.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an indicator of frailty in old patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of frailty on the use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) and clinical outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients with new-onset AF.

Methods: This study included 451,368 participants without AF from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort between 2002 and 2009.

Generating synthetic computed tomography for radiotherapy: SynthRAD2023 challenge report.

Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, necessitating precise delivery of radiation to tumors while sparing healthy tissues over multiple days. Computed tomography (CT) is integral for treatment planning, offering electron density data crucial for accurate dose calculations. However, accurately representing patient anatomy is challenging, especially in adaptive radiotherapy, where CT is not acquired daily.

Clinical characteristics of apixaban prescription in AF patients with single dose-reduction criterion: the ASPIRE (efficAcy and safety of aPixaban in rEal-world practice in Korean frail patients with atrial fibrillation) study.

Background: Data on off-label reduced dose risk among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who qualify for a single-dose reduction of apixaban is scarce.

Objectives: We prospectively assessed apixaban dosing and clinical characteristics in AF patients meeting a dose reduction criterion.

Methods: The multicentre, prospective cohort study, the efficAcy and Safety of aPixaban In REal-world practice in Korean frail patients with AF (ASPIRE), encompasses patients with AF who met the criteria for a single-dose reduction of apixaban and were given varying doses of apixaban, either the on-label standard dose or the off-label reduced dose.

Optimal Dose of Edoxaban for Very Elderly Atrial Fibrillation Patients at High Risk of Bleeding: The LEDIOS Registry.

Background And Objectives: Optimal anticoagulation in very elderly patients is challenging due to the high risk of anticoagulant-induced bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of on-label reduced-dose edoxaban (30 mg) in very elderly patients who had additional risk factors for bleeding.

Methods: This was a multi-center, prospective, non-interventional observational study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of on-label reduced-dose edoxaban in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients 80 years of age or older and who had more than 1 risk factor for bleeding.

Long-term clinical outcomes of image-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry.

Imaging modalities for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT), have increased in the current PCI era. However, their clinical benefits in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the long-term outcomes of image-guided PCI in patients with AMI using data from the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry.

Multi-scale V-net architecture with deep feature CRF layers for brain extraction.

Background: Brain extraction is a computational necessity for researchers using brain imaging data. However, the complex structure of the interfaces between the brain, meninges and human skull have not allowed a highly robust solution to emerge. While previous methods have used machine learning with structural and geometric priors in mind, with the development of Deep Learning (DL), there has been an increase in Neural Network based methods.

Impact of Positron Emission Tomography Viability Imaging: Guided Revascularizations on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Myocardial Scar on Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Scans.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) viability scan is used to determine whether patients with a myocardial scar on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may need revascularization. However, the clinical utility of revascularization decision-making guided by PET viability imaging has not been proven yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of PET to determine revascularization on clinical outcomes.

Effect of cholesterol variability on the incidence of cataract, dementia, and osteoporosis: A study using a common data model.

The effects of cholesterol variability on cataracts, dementia, and osteoporosis remain controversial. Using a common data model, we investigated the effects of variations in cholesterol levels on the development of cataracts, dementia, and osteoporosis. Patients who received statin therapy between 2011 and 2020 and those with 3 or more tests for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels were included.

Diagnostic Value of a Wearable Continuous Electrocardiogram Monitoring Device (AT-Patch) for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: While conventional electrocardiogram monitoring devices are useful for detecting atrial fibrillation, they have considerable drawbacks, including a short monitoring duration and invasive device implantation. The use of patch-type devices circumvents these drawbacks and has shown comparable diagnostic capability for the early detection of atrial fibrillation.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether a patch-type device (AT-Patch) applied to patients with a high risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation defined by the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex scale (CHADS-VASc) score had increased detection rates.

Statin therapy reduces dementia risk in atrial fibrillation patients receiving oral anticoagulants.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to an increased risk of dementia, even in stroke-free patients. The impact of statin therapy on dementia risk is unclear in AF patients receiving oral anticoagulant (OAC) (vitamin K antagonist and direct-acting OAC). We sought to investigate the impact of statin therapy on dementia risk in AF patients receiving OAC.

Sex differences between serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease after stent implantation.

Background: The relationship between elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels and cardiovascular outcomes after stent implantation remains uncertain. This study sought to evaluate the impact of SUA on 12-month cardiovascular outcomes after stent implantation.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients who successfully underwent stent implantation and enrolled 3,222 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) from a single center.

Predictors of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with CHA DS -VASc score of 0.

Background: Anticoagulant therapy has been important for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it was not recommended due to its relatively higher risk of bleeding than its lower risk of stroke in patients with a CHA DS -VASc score of 0.

Hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of stroke in AF patients with very low risk of stroke.

COVID-19 Vaccination-Induced Ventricular Fibrillation in an Afebrile Patient With Brugada Syndrome.

A 43-year-old man presented with cardiac arrest 2 days after the second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with an mRNA vaccine. Electrocardiograms showed ventricular fibrillation and type 1 Brugada pattern ST segment elevation. The patient reported having no symptoms, including febrile sensation.