Fracture Risk Scores Using Output from an Opportunistic Screen of Low Bone Density from Conventional X-ray.

Fracture risk is commonly assessed by FRAX, a tool that estimates 10-year risk for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture. FRAX scores are often refined by additionally including femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as an input. Rho™, a novel AI-powered software, estimates FN BMD T-Scores from conventional x-rays, even when FN is not in the image.

Multigenerational genetic inheritance and clinical characteristics of the rare disease hypophosphatasia in 6 families: A case series.

Family mapping is a useful tool for tracking the inheritance of rare inherited diseases, including hypophosphatasia (HPP), through generations. We show the inheritance of HPP in 6 affected families, describing genetic variants, biochemical hallmarks, and clinical manifestations among family members. Mapping families with HPP is warranted in clinical practice to better understand monitoring needs for potentially affected individuals over time, since manifestations of HPP can arise throughout a patient's lifespan.

The effect of file type and DXA protocol on an image processing fracture risk prediction tool.

Osteoporosis, a common bone disease in older adults, is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fractures. While fracture risk is often assessed using T-scores derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, these measures are not fully effective in identifying individuals at greatest risk. To address this, a Statistical Shape and Appearance Modeling (SSAM) tool was previously developed to analyze femur shape and BMD distribution and demonstrated superior fracture risk prediction compared to T-scores using hip DXA scans exported in JPG format.

Reference values for cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen and pro-collagen type1 N-terminal propeptide in children and adolescents: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

Introduction: Procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) are bone turnover markers for diagnosing and monitoring metabolic bone diseases and growth disorders. This study aimed to establish representative reference ranges for CTX and P1NP, as measured with an IDS-iSYS system, in Canadian children and adolescents.

Methods: Serum levels of CTX and P1NP were measured in participants of the Canadian Health Measures Survey, a nationally representative study.

Getting fit for hip and knee replacement: The Fit-Joints multimodal intervention for frail patients with osteoarthritis - a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Older adults with frailty have high risk for poor postoperative outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a multimodal prehabilitation program in older adults with frailty awaiting hip or knee replacement.

Design: Parallel two-arm randomized controlled pilot trial.

Fully-automated segmentation of muscle and inter-/intra-muscular fat from magnetic resonance images of calves and thighs: an open-source workflow in Python.

Background: INTER- and INTRAmuscular fat (IMF) is elevated in high metabolic states and can promote inflammation. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) excels in depicting IMF, the lack of reproducible tools prevents the ability to measure change and track intervention success.

Methods: We detail an open-source fully-automated iterative threshold-seeking algorithm (ITSA) for segmenting IMF from T1-weighted MRI of the calf and thigh within three cohorts (CaMos Hamilton (N = 54), AMBERS (N = 280), OAI (N = 105)) selecting adults 45-85 years of age.

Mapping context of sedentary behaviour in older adults who are prefrail and frail: an analysis of secondary outcomes from a longitudinal study (MAPS-B).

Objectives: To map the context of sedentary behaviour in older adults who are prefrail and frail during the winter and spring over 3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) and to determine if certain types of sedentary behaviours are associated with health outcomes.

Design: Mixed methods, prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Community-dwelling older adults living in southern Ontario, Canada.

Physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.

Background: The diagnosis, etiology, and optimal management of fibromyalgia remains contentious. This uncertainty may result in variability in clinical management. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies examining physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding fibromyalgia.

Hip fracture rate and osteoporosis treatment in Ontario: A population-based retrospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: This population-based study analyzes hip fracture and osteoporosis treatment rates among older adults, stratified by place of residence prior to fracture. Hip fracture rates were higher among older adults living in the community and discharged to long-term care (LTC) after fracture, compared to LTC residents and older adults living in the community. Only 23% of LTC residents at high fracture risk received osteoporosis treatment.

Exploring the perspectives of older adults who are pre-frail and frail to identify interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour and improve mobility: a thematic content analysis.

Older adults who are frail are one of the most sedentary and the least physically active age groups. Prolonged sedentary time is associated with increased risk of negative health outcomes. To help design effective and sustainable content and optimize the uptake of sedentary behaviour interventions, an in-depth understanding of older adults' perceptions of sedentary behaviour is needed; however, most qualitative studies have been conducted in healthy older adults.

Postfracture survival in a population-based study of adults aged ≥66 yr: a call to action at hospital discharge.

Postfracture survival rates provide prognostic information but are rarely reported along with other mortality outcomes in adults aged ≥50 yr. The timing of survival change following a fracture also needs to be further elucidated. This population-based, matched-cohort, retrospective database study examined 98 474 patients (73% women) aged ≥66 yr with an index fracture occurring at an osteoporotic site (hip, clinical vertebral, proximal non-hip non-vertebral [pNHNV], and distal non-hip non-vertebral [dNHNV]) from 2011 to 2015, who were matched (1:1) to nonfracture individuals based on sex, age, and comorbidities.

Correction: Associations between Social Isolation Index and changes in grip strength, gait speed, bone mineral density (BMD), and self-reported incident fractures among older adults: Results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Associations between Osteosarcopenia and Falls, Fractures, and Frailty in Older Adults: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Objective: To explore if older adults with osteosarcopenia are at a greater risk of falls, fractures, frailty, and worsening life satisfaction and activities of daily living (ADL) compared to those with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and without sarcopenia.

Design: The baseline and 3-year follow-up of a longitudinal study.

Setting And Participants: Community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older in Canada.

Associations between Social Isolation Index and changes in grip strength, gait speed, bone mineral density (BMD), and self-reported incident fractures among older adults: Results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Background: The aim is to investigate whether social isolation and loneliness are associated with changes in grip strength, gait speed, BMD, and fractures.

Methods: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive Cohort participants aged 65 years and older at baseline (2012-2015) who completed the three-year follow-up interview (2015-2018) were included in this analysis (n = 11,344). Social isolation and loneliness were measured using the CLSA social isolation index (CLSA-SII, range 0-10).

The Geras virtual frailty rehabilitation program to build resilience in older adults with frailty during COVID-19: a randomized feasibility trial.

Background: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated the risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes among vulnerable older adults. Multicomponent interventions could potentially prevent or reduce the risk of becoming frail; however, there is limited evidence about utilizing alternative modes of delivery where access to in-person care may be challenging. This randomized feasibility trial aimed to understand how a multicomponent rehabilitation program can be delivered remotely to vulnerable older adults with frailty during the pandemic.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Acute Fracture Healing: A Phase II Screening Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

Nearly half of adult fracture patients are vitamin D deficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels <20 ng/mL). Many surgeons advocate prescribing vitamin D supplements to improve fracture healing outcomes; however, data supporting the effectiveness of vitamin D supplements to improve acute fracture healing are lacking. We tested the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for improving tibia and femur fracture healing.

Association Among Cognition, Frailty, and Falls and Self-Reported Incident Fractures: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Cognition, frailty, and falls have been examined independently as potential correlates of fracture risk, but not simultaneously. Our objective was to explore the association between cognition, frailty, and falls and self-reported incident fractures to determine if these factors show significant independent associations or interactions. We included participants who completed the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) 2012-2015 baseline comprehensive assessment, did not experience any self-reported fractures in the year prior to cohort recruitment, and completed the follow-up questionnaire at year 3 ( = 26,982).

Clinical Considerations in the Selection of Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Canada.

According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, approximately 62,050 people were living with HIV in Canada in 2018, and of those, 13% were undiagnosed. Currently, no single strategy provides complete protection or is universally effective across all demographic groups at risk for HIV. However, HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the newest HIV prevention strategy that shows promise.

Associations between glycated hemoglobin and the risks of incident cardiovascular diseases in patients with gout.

Background: Evidence for the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with gout remained sparse and limited. This study aims to explore the associations between HbA1c levels and risks of incident CVD in patients with gout.

Methods: We included patients with gout who had an HbA1c measurement at baseline from the UK Biobank.