sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov.: three members of group 1 .

Between 1976 and 2010, four bacterial isolates were collected in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia, and stored as part of routine biosecurity surveillance. Recently, these historic isolates were analysed as part of a larger project to enhance the taxonomic accuracy of our culture collection and improve Australia's biosecurity preparedness. Three isolates were collected from , initially identified as sp.

pH-Dependent Conformational Plasticity of Monoclonal Antibodies at the SiO/Water Interface: Insights from Neutron Reflectivity and Molecular Dynamics.

Investigating the molecular conformations of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) adsorbed at the solid/liquid interface is crucial for understanding mAb solution stability and advancing the development of mAb-based biosensors. This study examines the pH-dependent conformational plasticity of a human IgG1k mAb, COE-3, at the SiO/water interface under varying pH conditions (pH 5.5 and 9).

Serotypes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Potential Mechanisms of Resistance Gene Transfer in Strains from Waterfowl in Poland.

Erysipelas is a significant problem in the waterfowl farming in Poland, and information on the characteristics of the strains causing this disease is limited. In this study, we determined the serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and potential mechanisms of resistance gene transfer in isolates (n = 60) from domestic geese and ducks. We also developed a multiplex PCR for the detection of resistance genes.

Integrative and Conjugative Elements and Prophage DNA as Carriers of Resistance Genes in Strains from Domestic Geese in Poland.

Goose erysipelas is a serious problem in waterfowl breeding in Poland. However, knowledge of the characteristics of strains causing this disease is limited. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of four strains from domestic geese were determined, and their whole-genome sequences (WGSs) were analyzed to detect resistance genes, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and prophage DNA.

sp. nov., a non-pathogenic member of Group 1 .

Five bacterial isolates were isolated from in 1976 in Rydalmere, Australia, during routine biosecurity surveillance. Initially, the results of biochemical characterisation indicated that these isolates represented members of the genus . To determine their species, further analysis was conducted using both phenotypic and genotypic approaches.

Structure and interaction of therapeutic proteins in solution: a combined simulation and experimental study.

The aggregation of therapeutic proteins in solution has attracted significant interest, driving efforts to understand the relationship between microscopic structural changes and protein-protein interactions determining aggregation processes in solution. Additionally, there is substantial interest in being able to predict aggregation based on protein structure as part of molecular developability assessments. Molecular Dynamics provides theoretical tools to complement experimental studies and to interrogate and identify the microscopic mechanisms determining aggregation.

The Impact of Primary Care Practitioner Intervention as an Adjunct to a Diabetes Case Management System.

Objective The objective of this study was to assess whether additional primary care practitioner (PCP) contacts beyond the intake visit are associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c in patients with type 2 diabetes actively engaged in the Kaiser Permanente case management system. Methods This retrospective cohort study using the Kaiser Permanente electronic health record explored the effect of enhanced PCP contact among adult patients with type 2 diabetes actively working with diabetes case managers (defined as ≥ 4 case manager contacts during the study period). Results A total of 837 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Population Structure and Genomic Characteristics of Australian Reveals Unobserved Diversity in the Australian Pig Industry.

is a bacterial pathogen that is the causative agent of erysipelas in a variety of animals, including swine, emus, turkeys, muskox, caribou, moose, and humans. This study aims to investigate the population structure and genomic features of Australian isolates of in the Australian pig industry and compare them to the broader scope of isolates worldwide. A total of 178 isolates (154 Australian, seven vaccine isolates, six international isolates, and 11 of unknown origin) in this study were screened against an MLST scheme and publicly available reference isolates, identifying 59 new alleles, with isolates separating into two main single locus variant groups.

Investigating the Orientation of an Interfacially Adsorbed Monoclonal Antibody and Its Fragments Using Neutron Reflection.

Interfacial adsorption is a molecular process occurring during the production, purification, transport, and storage of antibodies, with a direct impact on their structural stability and subsequent implications on their bioactivities. While the average conformational orientation of an adsorbed protein can be readily determined, its associated structures are more complex to characterize. Neutron reflection has been used in this work to investigate the conformational orientations of the monoclonal antibody COE-3 and its Fab and Fc fragments at the oil/water and air/water interfaces.

Dairy vs beef production - expert views on welfare of cattle in common food production systems.

Consumers' views and concerns about the welfare of farm animals may play an important role in their decision to consume dairy, meat and/or plants as their primary protein source. As animals are killed prematurely in both dairy and beef industries, it is important to quantify and compare welfare compromises in these two sectors before the point of death. Seventy world-leading bovine welfare experts based in 23 countries were asked to evaluate the likelihood of a bovine to experience 12 states of potential welfare concern, inspired by the Welfare Quality® protocol.

Understanding the Stabilizing Effect of Histidine on mAb Aggregation: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

Histidine, a widely used buffer in monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations, is known to reduce antibody aggregation. While experimental studies suggest a nonelectrostatic, nonstructural (relating to secondary structure preservation) origin of the phenomenon, the underlying microscopic mechanism behind the histidine action is still unknown. Understanding this mechanism will help evaluate and predict the stabilizing effect of this buffer under different experimental conditions and for different mAbs.

Using Genomics to Design a Pathovar-Specific Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay, for the Improved Detection of pv. .

The ability to swiftly respond to pathogen incursions relies heavily on fast and accurate diagnostics. Current published assays for citrus bacterial canker do not target pv. , the causative agent, with high specificity when testing Australian samples.

Structural features of interfacially adsorbed acyl-l-carnitines.

Hypothesis: Acyl-l-carnitines (CLCs) are potentially important as biosurfactants in drug delivery and tissue engineering due to their good biocompatibility. However, little is currently known about the basic interfacial behavior underlying their technological applications. Following our previous characterization of their solution aggregation and adsorption at the air/water interface, this work examines how they adsorb at the hydrophilic solid/liquid interface.

In-Membrane Nanostructuring of Cationic Amphiphiles Affects Their Antimicrobial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity: A Comparison Study between a De Novo Antimicrobial Lipopeptide and Traditional Biocides.

Cationic biocides have been widely used as active ingredients in personal care and healthcare products for infection control and wound treatment for a long time, but there are concerns over their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial resistance. Designed lipopeptides are potential candidates for alleviating these issues because of their mildness to mammalian host cells and their high efficacy against pathogenic microbial membranes. In this study, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of a de novo designed lipopeptide, CH(CH)CO-Lys-Lys-Gly-Gly-Ile-Ile-NH (CKKGGII), were assessed against that of two traditional cationic biocides CTAB ( = 12 and 14), with different critical aggregation concentrations (CACs).

How do chain lengths of acyl-l-carnitines affect their surface adsorption and solution aggregation?

Hypothesis: l-carnitines in our body systems can be readily converted into acyl-l-carnitines which have a prominent place in cellular energy generation by supporting the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. As biocompatible surfactants, acyl-l-carnitines have potential to be useful in technical, personal care and healthcare applications. However, the lack of understanding of the effects of their molecular structures on their physical properties has constrained their potential use.

Multivalent counterion induced multilayer adsorption at the air-water interface in dilute Aerosol-OT solutions.

Unlabelled: The formation of surface multilayer structures, induced by the addition of multivalent counterions in dilute surfactant solutions, has been widely observed in a range of anionic surfactants. The phenomenon is associated with the ability to manipulate surface properties, especially in the promotion of enhanced surface wetting, and in the presence of an extensive near surface reservoir for rapid surface delivery of surfactant and other active components.

Hypothesis: In the single alkyl chain anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecysulfate, SDS, sodium alkylethoxylsulfate, SAES, and alkylestersulfonate, AES, surface multilayer formation is promoted by trivalent counterions such as Al, and is generally not observed with divalent counterions, such as Ca or with monovalent counterions.

Consequences of Ethical and Audit Violations: Evidence from the PCAOB Settled Disciplinary Orders.

We investigate the justifications provided by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) when sanctioning audit firms and individual auditors, as disclosed in the publicly released Settled Disciplinary Orders (SDOs). Employing responsive regulation theory, we seek to gain an understanding of violating behaviors by audit firms and individual auditors that attract regulatory responses ranging in nature from persuasive to punitive sanctions. Using 298 SDOs issued by the PCAOB from 2005 to 2020, we find that the frequency and severity of PCAOB sanctions at the firm level are positively associated with auditing standards violations, independence issues, and reckless behavior.

Surface adsorption and solution aggregation of a novel lauroyl-l-carnitine surfactant.

Hypothesis: l-carnitine plays a crucial role in the cellular production of energy by transporting fatty acids into mitochondria. Acylated l-carnitines are amphiphilic and if appropriate physical properties were demonstrated, they could replace many currently used surfactants with improved biocompatibility and health benefits.

Experiments: This work evaluated the surface adsorption of lauroyl-l-carnitine (CLC) and its aggregation behavior.

α-Sulfo alkyl ester surfactants: Impact of changing the alkyl chain length on the adsorption, mixing properties and response to electrolytes of the tetradecanoate.

Hypothesis: The α-sulfo alkyl ester, AES, surfactants are a class of anionic surfactants which have potential for improved sustainable performance in a range of applications, and an important feature is their enhanced tolerance to precipitation in the presence of multivalent counterions. It is proposed that their adsorption properties can be adjusted substantially by changing the length of the shorter alkyl chain, that of the alkanol group in the ester.

Experiments: Surface tension and neutron reflectivity have been used to investigate the variation in the adsorption properties with the shorter alkyl chain length (methyl, ethyl and propyl), the impact of NaCl on the adsorption, the tendency to form surface multilayer structures in the presence of AlCl, and the effects of mixing the methyl ester sulfonate with the ethyl and propyl ester sulfonates on the adsorption.

Comparative Genomics of pv. A* Pathotype Reveals Three Distinct Clades with Varying Plasmid Distribution.

Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) is an important disease of citrus cultivars worldwide that causes blister-like lesions on host plants and leads to more severe symptoms such as plant defoliation and premature fruit drop. The causative agent, pv. , exists as three pathotypes-A, A*, and A-which differ in their host range and elicited host response.

How do Self-Assembling Antimicrobial Lipopeptides Kill Bacteria?

Antimicrobial peptides are promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. A group of self-assembling lipopeptides was formed by attaching an acyl chain to the N-terminus of α-helix-forming peptides with the sequence C-G(IIKK)I-NH (CG, = 4-12 and = 2). CG self-assemble into nanofibers above their critical aggregation concentrations (CACs).

Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: An Evidence-based Systematic Review.

Objective: This evidence-based systematic review synthesizes and critically appraises current clinical recommendations and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of BIA-ALCL. This review also aims to broaden physician awareness across diverse specialties, particularly among general practitioners, breast surgeons, surgical oncologists, and other clinicians who may encounter patients with breast implants in their practice.

Background: BIA-ALCL is an emerging and treatable immune cell cancer definitively linked to textured-surface breast implants.

Long-term cardiovascular safety of febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with gout (FAST): a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Febuxostat and allopurinol are urate-lowering therapies used to treat patients with gout. Following concerns about the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat, the European Medicines Agency recommended a post-licensing study assessing the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat compared with allopurinol.

Methods: We did a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, non-inferiority trial of febuxostat versus allopurinol in patients with gout in the UK, Denmark, and Sweden.