A thematic analysis of patients' and their informal caregivers' gendered experiences in traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Research shows that patients' perceptions of themselves and others, in addition to their understanding of the concept of gender, changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Little is known about gendered experiences in TBI and care delivery. This study aims to explore perceptions of gender through life experiences and interactions between adult patients with TBI and their informal caregivers.

Perspectives of parents of working adolescents in Ontario, Canada.

Background: More than half of adolescents have jobs in summer or sometime during the year. While employers are ultimately responsible for their safety, parents are often important in helping their children navigate the work environment. Our study examines the attitudes, beliefs and types of involvement parents have in their children's work.

Sleep before and after work-related concussion: Sex differences in effects and functional outcomes.

Background: Recent studies have started disentangling components of disturbed sleep as part of the post-concussive syndrome, but little is known about the workers with an injury' perspectives on post-injury sleep changes or what causes these changes.

Objectives: To determine the effects of work-related concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (wr-mTBI) on perceptions of refreshing sleep in workers with an injury and to identify the relevant factors responsible for sleep changes.

Methods: We studied post-concussive changes in sleep in 66 adults (50% male workers, 42% aged 30-50 years, median post-injury days: 155) who had sustained wr-mTBI and experienced functional limitations long after the injury.

Men's gendered experiences of rehabilitation and recovery following traumatic brain injury: A reflexive thematic analysis.

Research shows that gender influences men's health-related beliefs and behaviours - including those within the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI) - making it a factor that should be considered when designing and implementing interventions for this population. To incorporate an understanding of such gendered influences in future educational materials for men with TBI, as well as their caregivers and clinicians, this qualitative study was informed by social constructionism, and aimed to explore how gender is related to men's post-TBI perceptions and behaviours in rehabilitation and recovery. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 men with mild and moderate-severe TBI at the acute (≤ 3 months post-TBI) and chronic (> 3 months post-TBI) phases of injury.

Is it prime time for sex and gender considerations in traumatic brain injury? Perspectives of rehabilitation care professionals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore rehabilitation clinicians' understanding of how sex and gender facilitate or hinder care provided to patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Materials And Methods: Sixteen clinicians from various specialities, attending to patients with TBI from a large rehabilitation hospital in Ontario, Canada, were recruited using purposive sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was used to identify reoccurring themes.

Knowledge of sex and gender and related information needs in patients with traumatic brain injury: in-depth interview study.

Aim: This research aimed to gain an understanding of biological sex and social gender phenomena experienced by patients with traumatic brain injury in recovery, and to understand the educational needs of this group.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews of 40 adult patients (22 men, 18 women) of different ages, education levels, and ethnicities, with diagnoses of mild and moderate-severe traumatic brain injury at the acute and chronic stages post-injury.

Results: Applying classic content analysis with inductive coding, three overarching themes that limited patients' knowledge and subsequent efforts to obtain information on the topic emerged: (1) the complexity of sex and gender subject matters, (2) patients' dependence on others, and (3) uncertainty about the course of recovery.

Work-related traumatic brain injury: A brief report on workers perspective on job and health and safety training, supervision, and injury preventability.

Background: Although work-related injuries are on the decline, rates of work-related traumatic brain injury (wrTBI) continue to rise. As even mild wrTBI can result in cognitive, behavioural, and functional impairments that can last for months and even years, injury prevention is a primary research focus. Administrative claims data have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms that cause wrTBI; however, data from the perspective of injured workers on wrTBI prevention is limited.

Conceptualizing and Managing Medical Emergencies Where No Formal Paramedical System Exists: Perspectives from a Remote Indigenous Community in Canada.

(1) Background: Remote communities in Canada lack an equitable emergency medical response capacity compared to other communities. Community-based emergency care (CBEC) training for laypeople is a model that has the potential to enhance the medical emergency response capacity in isolated and resource-limited contexts. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of medical emergencies and to conceptualize and present a framework for what a medical emergency is for one remote Indigenous community in northwestern Ontario, in order to inform the development of CBEC training.

Return to work after work-related traumatic brain injury.

Background: Work-related traumatic brain injury (wrTBI) comprises up to 24% of TBIs, yet relatively little is known about it even though wrTBI incurs high costs to employers, insurers, and injured.

Objectives: To compare demographic, clinical, and occupation-related factors following mild-to-moderate TBI of those who successfully returned to work (RTW) versus those who did not, and to determine perceived facilitators of and barriers to RTW.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study from a consecutive sample of persons with TBI seen in an outpatient assessment clinic.

Construction fatality due to electrical contact in Ontario, Canada, 1997-2007.

Background: Electrical contact is a leading cause of occupational fatality in the construction industry. However, research on the factors that contribute to electricity-related fatality in construction is limited.

Objectives: To characterize, using an adapted Haddon's Matrix, the factors that contribute to electricity-related occupational fatalities in the construction industry in Ontario, Canada.

Sex differences in work-related traumatic brain injury due to assault.

Objectives: To examine the etiology, prevalence and severity of assault-precipitated work-related traumatic brain injury (wrTBI) in Ontario, Canada through a sex lens.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using data abstracted from the Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) claims files in 2004. Descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the distribution of worker/employment/incident characteristics.

Danger zone: Men, masculinity and occupational health and safety in high risk occupations.

The workplace is a key setting where gender issues and organizational structures may influence occupational health and safety practices. The enactment of dominant norms of masculinity in high risk occupations can be particularly problematic, as it exposes men to significant risks for injuries and fatalities. To encourage multi-disciplinary collaborations and advance knowledge in the intersecting areas of gender studies, men's health, work and workplace health and safety, a national network of thirteen researchers and health and safety stakeholders completed a critical literature review examining the intersection between masculinities and men's workplace health and safety in order to: (i) account for research previously undertaken in this area; (ii) identify themes that may inform our understanding of masculinity and workplace health and safety and; (iii) identify research and practice gaps in relation to men's workplace health and safety.

Rehospitalization After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: To examine, from a Canadian population-based perspective, the incidence and etiology of long-term hospital utilization among persons living with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by age and sex.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Acute care hospitals.

Setting an agenda for advancing young worker safety in the U.S. and Canada.

Scholars and practitioners from multiple perspectives, including developmental science, sociology, business, medicine, and public health, have considered the implications of employment for young people. We summarize a series of meetings designed to synthesize information from these perspectives and derive recommendations to guide research, practice, and policy with a focus on young worker safety and health. During the first three meetings, participants from the United States and Canada considered invited white papers addressing developmental issues, public health data and findings, as well as programmatic advances and evaluation needs.

Workplace experiences of young workers in Ontario.

Objective: We examine the workplace experiences of Ontario youth in the service sector, with a particular interest in hazard exposures, safety training and supervision.

Method: A cross-sectional telephone survey in 2008 of working youth aged 14-18. Items queried respondents about the tasks performed, worker training and supervision.

Hospitalizations and emergency department visits for TBI in Ontario.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the number of annual hospitalizations and overall episodes of care that involve a traumatic brain injury (TBI) by age and gender in the province of Ontario. To provide a more accurate assessment of the prevalence of TBI, episodes of care included visits to the emergency department (ED), as well as admissions to hospital. Mechanisms of injury for overall episodes were also investigated.

Examining occupational traumatic brain injury in Ontario.

Objective: Occupational traumatic brain injuries disrupt the lives of workers and carry major economic repercussions. To date, there has been limited information on brain injuries that occur at work across injury severity levels in Canada. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of occupational traumatic brain injuries in Ontario, with a focus on the sex of the workers.

Traumatic brain injuries in the construction industry.

Objective: This study analyses factors associated with work-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), specifically in the construction industry in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data extracted from the Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) records indicating concussion/intracranial injury that resulted in days off work in 2004-2005.

Results: Analyses of 218 TBI cases revealed that falls were the most common cause of injury, followed by being struck by or against an object.

Utilization of the Seniors Falls Investigation Methodology to identify system-wide causes of falls in community-dwelling seniors.

Purpose: As a highly heterogeneous group, seniors live in complex environments influenced by multiple physical and social structures that affect their safety. Until now, the major approach to falls research has been person centered. However, in industrial settings, the individuals involved in an accident are seen as the inheritors of system defects.

Seniors Falls Investigative Methodology (SFIM): a systems approach to the study of falls in seniors.

An in-depth understanding of human factors and human error is lacking in current research on seniors' falls. Additional knowledge is needed to understand why seniors are falling. The purpose of this article is to describe the adapting of the Integrated Safety Investigation Methodology (ISIM) (used for investigating transportation and industrial accidents) to studying seniors' falls.

Measuring adolescent smoking expectancies by incorporating judgments about the expected time of occurrence of smoking outcomes.

French and English Canadian adolescents completed a smoking expectancy questionnaire and 2 measures of current smoking status. Multiple regression revealed that beliefs about the expected time of occurrence of smoking outcomes explained unique variance in current smoking after controlling for judgments about the probability and desirability of these outcomes. In addition, the relationship between the perceived probability of the general costs of smoking and current smoking was moderated by beliefs about the expected time of occurrence of these costs.

A comparison of the mediational properties of four adolescent smoking expectancy measures.

This prospective study compared the ability of 4 smoking expectancy measures to mediate the influence of peer, parent, and current smoking on adolescents' cigarette use 3 months later. No evidence for mediation was found when expectancies were operationalized as unidimensional subjective expected utility (SEU), multidimensional SEU, or unidimensional SEU decomposed into probability and desirability main effects and their interaction. Evidence for partial mediation was found for the decomposed multidimensional SEU measure.

Support sources of adolescents in families adopting older children.

The social supports of adolescents in families adopting school-aged children are explored. The perception of support provided by parents was related to severity of problems experienced with the new adoptee. Findings suggest that mothers, more than fathers or friends, are pivotal in adolescents' support systems following such adoptions.