Pigmented villonodular synovitis presenting as a baker cyst.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), a rare hyperproliferation of the synovial lining, commonly mimics other conditions. As a result, the diagnosis may remain elusive, as the classic signs of tenderness and effusion are not specific. Occasionally, PVNS presents as a popliteal cyst, which may divert attention from intra-articular pathology.

Histone lysine methyltransferase Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 is involved in human carcinogenesis through regulation of the Wnt pathway.

A number of histone methyltransferases have been identified and biochemically characterized, but the pathologic roles of their dysfunction in human diseases like cancer are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1) plays important roles in human carcinogenesis. Transcriptional levels of this gene are significantly elevated in various types of cancer including bladder and lung cancers.

The JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase KDM3A is a positive regulator of the G1/S transition in cancer cells via transcriptional regulation of the HOXA1 gene.

A number of histone demethylases have been identified and biochemically characterized, yet their biological functions largely remain uncharacterized, particularly in the context of human diseases such as cancer. In this study, we describe important roles for the histone demethylase KDM3A, also known as JMJD1A, in human carcinogenesis. Expression levels of KDM3A were significantly elevated in human bladder carcinomas compared with nonneoplastic bladder tissues (p < 0.

The histone demethylase JMJD2B plays an essential role in human carcinogenesis through positive regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6.

Histone methyltransferases and demethylases are known to regulate transcription by altering the epigenetic marks on histones, but the pathologic roles of their dysfunction in human diseases, such as cancer, still remain to be elucidated. Herein, we show that the histone demethylase JMJD2B is involved in human carcinogenesis. Quantitative real-time PCR showed notably elevated levels of JMJD2B expression in bladder cancers, compared with corresponding nonneoplastic tissues (P < 0.

Boxing bladder cancer with COX-2-specific inhibition.

Preventing recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is important for improving patient well-being and reducing the health economic burden of this disease. To date, no oral agent has shown sufficient benefit to be adopted in clinical practice, where current strategies rely on topical (intravesical) administration of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this issue of the journal (beginning on page 1580), Sabichi and colleagues report the first phase II randomized controlled trial of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in bladder cancer.

Enhanced expression of EHMT2 is involved in the proliferation of cancer cells through negative regulation of SIAH1.

EHMT2 is a histone lysine methyltransferase localized in euchromatin regions and acting as a corepressor for specific transcription factors. Although the role of EHMT2 in transcriptional regulation has been well documented, the pathologic consequences of its dysfunction in human disease have not been well understood. Here, we describe important roles of EHMT2 in human carcinogenesis.

Arthroscopic remplissage with Bankart repair for the treatment of glenohumeral instability with Hill-Sachs defects.

Purpose: To determine whether arthroscopic remplissage with Bankart repair is an effective treatment strategy for patients with Bankart lesions and large Hill-Sachs defects.

Methods: Between 2006 and 2008, 20 patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability and large Hill-Sachs defects. Preoperative imaging in all patients identified avulsion of the anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament with an associated Hill-Sachs defect that involved greater than 25% of the humeral head.

Resiliency and medicine: how to create a positive energy balance.

A career in orthopaedics is a race-a marathon. Many outside forces converge to increase stressors to high levels. Resiliency, or the ability to bounce back from difficulty, can be learned and nurtured.

Arthroscopic treatment of a PCL avulsion fracture in a skeletally immature patient.

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsions from the tibial attachment site in children are rare. Six cases have been reported in the English literature since 1975. Osteochondral avulsions of the PCL can be easily missed on plain radiographs in skeletally immature patients because of the rarity of these injuries and open proximal tibial physis.

Ulceronodular syphilis (lues maligna praecox) in a person newly diagnosed with HIV infection.

In this case of secondary syphilis, pustular lesions progressed rapidly to painful ulcerative lesions in a patient with early HIV infection. This rapidly progressive form of early syphilis has historically been called lues maligna praecox, a severe form of noduloulcerative secondary syphilis. Serologic tests for syphilis were positive and biopsy showed forms consistent with Treponema pallidum in the lesions.

Extrusion of tibial tunnel bioabsorbable screw 15 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

The use of bioabsorbable implants in orthopaedic surgery has become a common practice. Despite their many theoretical advantages, recent reports have proposed certain concerns and complications associated with their use. We report the case of a bioabsorbable screw that extruded from the tibial insertion site 15 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Clinical usefulness of the Ottawa Ankle Rules for detecting fractures of the ankle and midfoot.

Reference:: Bachmann LM, Kolb E, Koller MT, Steurer J, ter Riet G. Accuracy of Ottawa Ankle Rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and mid-foot: systematic review. .

Subscapularis tendon integrity: an examination of shoulder index tests.

Clinical Question: The systematic review focused on various index tests for the shoulder. We concentrated on the subscapularis tendon results to determine the accuracy of reported index tests for clinically diagnosing subscapularis integrity.

Data Sources: Studies were identified by an OVID search using MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAL databases (1966-2006) and a hand search by 2 authors (E.

Change in glenohumeral rotation and scapular position after competitive high school baseball.

Context: Pathologies such as anterior instability and impingement are common in baseball and have been linked to decreases in internal rotation (IR) and concurrent increases in external rotation (ER). In addition, alterations to scapular position have been identified in this population, but the chronology of these adaptations is uncertain.

Objectives: To determine whether there is a change in range of motion and scapular position after a single baseball season.

Dysregulation of PRMT1 and PRMT6, Type I arginine methyltransferases, is involved in various types of human cancers.

Protein arginine methylation is a novel post-translational modification regulating a diversity of cellular processes, including histone functions, but the roles of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in human cancer are not well investigated. To address this issue, we first examined expression levels of genes belonging to the PRMT family and found significantly higher expression of PRMT1 and PRMT6, both of which are Type I PRMTs, in cancer cells of various tissues than in non-neoplastic cells. Abrogation of the expression of these genes with specific siRNAs significantly suppressed growth of bladder and lung cancer cells.

Overexpression of LSD1 contributes to human carcinogenesis through chromatin regulation in various cancers.

A number of histone demethylases have been identified and biochemically characterized, but the pathological roles of their dysfunction in human disease like cancer have not been well understood. Here, we demonstrate important roles of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in human carcinogenesis. Expression levels of LSD1 are significantly elevated in human bladder carcinomas compared with nonneoplastic bladder tissues (p < 0.

Overexpression of the JmjC histone demethylase KDM5B in human carcinogenesis: involvement in the proliferation of cancer cells through the E2F/RB pathway.

Background: Although an increasing number of histone demethylases have been identified and biochemically characterized, their biological functions largely remain uncharacterized, particularly in the context of human diseases such as cancer. We investigated the role of KDM5B, a JmjC histone demethylase, in human carcinogenesis. Quantitative RT-PCR and microarray analyses were used to examine the expression profiles of histone demethylases in clinical tissue samples.

Internal rotation and scapular position differences: a comparison of collegiate and high school baseball players.

Context: Conditions such as labral and rotator cuff injuries have been linked with decreases in glenohumeral internal-rotation and increases in external-rotation motion. Also, decreased glenohumeral internal rotation is strongly associated with scapular dyskinesis.

Objective: To compare healthy collegiate and high school baseball players' glenohumeral joint range of motion and scapular position.

Internal rotation deficits affect scapular positioning in baseball players.

Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests an association between glenohumeral internal rotation deficits (GIRD) and scapular dysfunction, an observable alteration in the normal position or motion of the scapula in relation to the thoracic cage.

Questions/purposes: We therefore hypothesized players with GIRD (15 degrees or greater) will have decreased dominant arm scapular upward rotation and increased scapular protraction compared with baseball players with GIRD (14 degrees or less).

Methods: We studied 43 baseball players with no current shoulder or elbow symptoms; 22 had GIRD 15 degrees or greater and 21 had GIRD 14 degrees or less.

The relation of the coracoid process to the glenoid: an anatomic study.

Purpose: Our purpose was to define the spatial relation of the coracoid process to the glenoid cavity.

Methods: By use of 20 cadaveric shoulders, the location of the tip of the coracoid process was assessed based on the clock face of the glenoid.

Results: In all shoulders the tip of the coracoid process was between 1:24 and 2:18 o'clock, with a mean of 1:47 +/- 0:15 o'clock.