Post-covid changes in the epidemiology of pediatric shoulder dislocations: A 10-year national database analysis.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic led to higher incidences of injury post-pandemic. This study aims to explore 10-year trends in pediatric shoulder dislocations presenting to United States emergency departments (EDs).

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for pediatric shoulder dislocations presenting to US EDs between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2023.

Partial Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Partial cystectomy is a surgical bladder-sparing option for selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), urachal adenocarcinoma and diverticular bladder tumors. Partial cystectomy hold several advantages. It allows for definite pathology and accurate staging while avoiding side effects from radiation therapy and preserves the option for salvage radical therapy (radical cystectomy or radical radiotherapy).

The variability of minimum clinically important difference, substantial clinical benefit, and patient acceptable symptom state thresholds for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in the anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty literature: a systematic review.

Background: Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) is a technique commonly utilized to address degenerative pathologies of the glenohumeral joint. Utilization of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has led to increased reliance on the minimum clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds to assess efficacy of aTSA.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were queried for articles from January 1, 2000, March 31, 2023, reporting MCID, SCB, or PASS values for PROMs following aTSA.

Indications for Biceps Tenodesis in Injured Overhead Throwing Athletes Lack Consensus: A Systematic Review and Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose: To evaluate the current clinical practice methods and the reported indications for biceps tenodesis in injured overhead throwing athletes.

Methods: This study combined a survey of experienced shoulder surgeons regarding their methods of establishing indications for tenodesis surgery with a systematic review of studies that reported performing biceps tenodesis in overhead throwing athletes. Both the survey and review were designed to identify methods of making the diagnosis to delineate the preoperative and intraoperative factors used to establish biceps involvement as a major component of the clinical presentation, as well as to attempt to establish a consensus for clinical practice.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased complications and healthcare costs after adhesive capsulitis surgery.

Background: Metabolic disturbances are increasingly recognized as contributing factors in the development of adhesive capsulitis (AC). While metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been established as a risk factor for poorer surgical outcomes, there exist limited data on its impact on postoperative outcomes following surgical treatment for AC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of MetS on complications and costs after surgery for AC.

Socioeconomic and Demographic Variables Are Lacking in Meniscectomy Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To evaluate the inclusion of sociodemographic factors in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on meniscectomy outcomes, with the goal of understanding the extent to which RCTs on meniscectomy consider sociodemographic variables.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE were queried from January 1, 2014, to October 10, 2024, for meniscectomy RCTs in high-impact journals. Each RCT was assessed for inclusion of the following background and sociodemographic variables: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, education level, insurance, smoking/tobacco use, socioeconomic status, marital status, alcohol use, proficiency in country's official language, employment status, and residence status.

Comparison of Acute Orthopaedic Injuries From Cardiovascular Versus Strength Exercise in Adolescents and Young Adults to the Emergency Department: An Analysis of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database, 2018-2022.

Background: Adolescents and young adults comprise a growing cohort at risk for exercise-related injuries. Recent studies compare the effects of cardiovascular and strength exercise on mental health, cardiovascular disease, and mortality; however, there remains a gap in the literature about acute injuries from these exercise types.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose was to compare acute orthopaedic injuries sustained during cardiovascular exercise versus strength training in adolescents and young adults.

Treatment and Clinical Outcomes of Tibial Spine Fractures in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Adult tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are rare but can cause significant morbidity.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review identified studies on adult TSFs. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, surgical details, outcomes, and complications were analyzed using descriptive statistics and meta-analysis.

Cost-effectiveness of de-escalated molecular subtype dependent use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a Swedish setting.

Background: Guidelines recommend neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Current recommendations do not consider genomic profiles, although the Basal/Squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype is less likely to respond to NAC compared to Urothelial-like (Uro) and Genomically Unstable (GU) subtypes. The aim of this study is to perform cost-effectiveness analyses of a de-escalated use of NAC in patients with Ba/Sq tumors and MIBC.

Mechanisms of Action of Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Targeted Review of the Literature.

Background: The knee is the most commonly afflicted joint in osteoarthritis (OA). Injection of intra-articular of hyaluronic acid (IAHA) is a frequently used therapy for the management of knee OA with varying product characteristics.

Purpose: To describe and characterize the mechanism of action (MoA) of IAHA products concerning nociception, chondroprotection, and anti-inflammatory properties via a targeted literature review.

A novel methodology for establishing minimum clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit thresholds for patient-reported outcome measures following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Increasing reliance on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has resulted in variability in the thresholds for minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) reported in the literature. In this study, we aimed to identify the best threshold values for MCID and SCB for common rTSA PROMs.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were queried for studies published from January 1, 2000 to March 1, 2024 that identified clinically significant thresholds for PROMs following rTSA.

The statistical fragility of treatments for adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed a range of treatments for shoulder adhesive capsulitis (AC), with conflicting results over the most clinically beneficial options. This study used the fragility index (FI), reverse fragility index (rFI), and fragility quotient (FQ) to evaluate statistical fragility of the outcomes reported in RCTs assessing the efficacy of shoulder AC treatments.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for RCTs from January 1, 2004, to May 1, 2024 that assessed shoulder AC treatments.

Establishing Benchmarks for Case Minimum Requirements During Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-Accredited Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellowship Training.

Background: Accrediting bodies and professional societies for surgical education are increasingly recognizing the need for case minimum requirements to enhance standardized training.

Purpose: To determine case volume benchmarks for operative training during Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited orthopaedic sports medicine fellowships in the United States.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis; Level of evidence, 3.

ChatGPT and Gemini Are Not Consistently Concordant With the 2020 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines When Evaluating Rotator Cuff Injury.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of suggestions given by ChatGPT and Gemini (previously known as "Bard"), 2 widely used publicly available large language models, to evaluate the management of rotator cuff injuries.

Methods: The 2020 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) were the basis for determining recommended and non-recommended treatments in this study. ChatGPT and Gemini were queried on 16 treatments based on these guidelines examining rotator cuff interventions.

2025 Basic Science Neer Award Winner: The impact of posterior and posterior superior labral injuries and the effect of their treatment on glenohumeral kinematics in the deceleration and follow-through phase of throwing: a biomechanical study.

Background: Combined posterior and posterior-superior (PPS) injuries (6:30-12:00; right shoulder) have a much higher incidence than isolated superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) injuries (11:00-1:00; right shoulder). However, it is unclear how PPS injuries affect glenohumeral (GH) biomechanics and how they should be treated. This study evaluated if (1) PPS injuries alter GH kinematics and joint characteristics, (2) standard repair techniques restore GH kinematics and contact characteristics toward their intact state, and (3) there are differences between repair techniques.

Workforce Diversity in Sports Medicine: Analysis of Recent Trends Relative to the US Population.

This was a cross-sectional study of sports medicine fellows from previous (2010-2015) and contemporary (2016-2021) training periods. There were 2315 trainees from family medicine (FM, 85%), 261 trainees from physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR, 10%), and 133 trainees from emergency medicine (EM, 5%). PMR had the highest female and Asian trainee representation while FM had the highest Black trainee representation.

Sex, Race, and Ethnic Diversity of the Emerging U.S. Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Workforce Is Limited.

Purpose: To analyze the demographics and trends of orthopaedic surgeons entering the U.S. orthopaedic sports medicine workforce over the past decade.

Nature and Magnitude of Industry Payments to Fellowship Program Directors in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Introduction: Previous research has highlighted conflicts of interest stemming from industry funding and education of orthopaedic surgeons. This study sought to define the nature and magnitude of industry payments to orthopaedic surgery fellowship program directors (FPDs) in the United States.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of orthopaedic surgery FPDs during 2021.

Primary Open Latarjet Procedure Versus Revision to Open Latarjet Procedure for Anterior Shoulder Instability.

Background: Although the Latarjet operation may be performed as a revision surgery for anterior shoulder instability, the high recurrence rate of anterior shoulder instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) has led some to advocate for performing the Latarjet procedure as a primary stabilization surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the intermediate-term outcomes after primary open Latarjet (PLJ) and revision to open Latarjet (RLJ).

Materials And Methods: This was a single-institution retrospective analysis of patients who underwent either PLJ or RLJ procedures for anterior shoulder instability between 2014 and 2023.