Paired-Pulse Repetitive Trans-Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Supports Balance Ability While the Coil Orientation Significantly Determines the Effects: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

The primary objective was to investigate and compare the effects of three paired-pulse repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (PP-rTSMS) protocols on balance control and corticospinal network function. : PP-rTSMS (800 pulses, frequency 100 Hz, intensity 70% of the resting motor threshold) was applied over the eighth thoracic vertebra (Th8) in twenty-seven young healthy individuals. Each proband received three verum sessions (using a verum coil with handle oriented (i) cranially, (ii) caudally, and (iii) laterally) and (iv) one sham session (using a sham coil) in a randomised order.

High-Definition Trans-Spinal Current Stimulation Improves Balance and Somatosensory Control: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To investigate and compare the effects of three different high-definition (HD) non-invasive current stimulation (NICS) protocols on the spinal cord on support balance and somatosensory abilities in healthy young people.

Methods: Fifty-eight students were enrolled in this crossover study. All participants underwent application of (i) 1.

Direct Current Stimulation over the Primary Motor Cortex, Cerebellum, and Spinal Cord to Modulate Balance Performance: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Existing applications of non-invasive brain stimulation in the modulation of balance ability are focused on the primary motor cortex (M1). It is conceivable that other brain and spinal cord areas may be comparable or more promising targets in this regard. This study compares transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over (i) the M1, (ii) the cerebellum, and (iii) trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) in the modulation of balance ability.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Sex/Polypeptide Hormones in Reciprocal Interactions: A Systematic Review.

A better understanding of interindividual differences and the development of targeted therapies is one of the major challenges of modern medicine. The sex of a person plays a crucial role in this regard. This systematic review aimed to summarise and analyse available evidence on the mutual interactions between non-invasive brain stimulation and sex/polypeptide hormones.

Hemispheric Differences of 1 Hz rTMS over Motor and Premotor Cortex in Modulation of Neural Processing and Hand Function.

Introduction: Non-invasive brain stimulation can modulate both neural processing and behavioral performance. Its effects may be influenced by the stimulated area and hemisphere. In this study (EC no.

Non-invasive brain stimulation for improving gait, balance, and lower limbs motor function in stroke.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize and analyze the available evidence of non-invasive brain stimulation/spinal cord stimulation on gait, balance and/or lower limb motor recovery in stroke patients.

Methods: The PubMed database was searched from its inception through to 31/03/2021 for randomized controlled trials investigating repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial/trans-spinal direct current/alternating current stimulation for improving gait, balance and/or lower limb motor function in stroke patients.

Results: Overall, 25 appropriate studies (including 657 stroke subjects) were found.

Resting motor threshold in the course of hand motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review.

Background: Resting motor threshold is an objective measure of cortical excitability. Numerous studies indicate that the success of motor recovery after stroke is significantly determined by the direction and extent of cortical excitability changes. A better understanding of this topic (particularly with regard to the level of motor impairment and the contribution of either cortical hemisphere) may contribute to the development of effective therapeutical strategies in this cohort.

Non-invasive brain stimulation in modulation of mental rotation ability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mental rotation, the ability to manipulate mental images, is an important function in human cognition. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the potential of non-invasive brain stimulation in modulation of this component of visuo-spatial perception. The PubMed database was reviewed prior to 31 September 2020 on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the mental rotation ability in healthy persons.

Does anodal tDCS improve basketball performance? A randomized controlled trial.

Shooting precision as well as dribbling and agility are crucial components of performance in basketball. We examined the effects of anodal tDCS over the dominant primary motor cortex in supporting these basketball specific abilities. Fifty-two sports students were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with two interventions.

Aquatic therapy in stroke rehabilitation: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The main object of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to collect the available evidence of aquatic therapy in stroke rehabilitation and to investigate the effect of this intervention in supporting stroke recovery. The PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the PEDro databases were searched from their inception through to 31/05/2020 on randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of aquatic therapy on stroke recovery. Subjects´ characteristics, methodological aspects, intervention description, and outcomes were extracted.

Resistance training in stroke rehabilitation: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effects of resistance training in supporting the recovery in stroke patients.

Data Sources: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the PEDro databases were reviewed up to 30 April 2020.

Review Methods: Randomized controlled trials were included, who compared: (i) resistance training with no intervention, (ii) resistance training with other interventions and (iii) different resistance training protocols in stroke rehabilitation.

Ergometer Training in Stroke Rehabilitation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Ergometer training is routinely used in stroke rehabilitation. Through this meta-analysis, we sought to discover the strength of evidence of its effects.

Data Source: The PubMed database and PEDro database were reviewed prior to January 22, 2019.

The Relationship among Cognition, Psychological Well-being, Physical Activity and Demographic Data in People over 80 Years of Age.

: It is the main goal of this study to investigate the relationships between physical abilities, cognitive abilities and the aspects of psychological well-being in people aged 80 or older. In contrast to other studies, we focus on the executive functions and mental rotation while investigating cognitive performance; this is because it is well known in the literature investigating younger participants that these functions relate to some kind of motor or physical activity. : 41 independently living persons over 80 years were enrolled.

Is tDCS an Adjunct Ergogenic Resource for Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance Performance? A Systematic Review.

Exercise performance is influenced by many physical factors, such as muscle strength and endurance. Particularly in the physical fitness and sports performance contexts, there are many types of ergogenic aids to improve muscular strength and endurance performance, with non-athletes and even athletes using illegal drugs to reach the top. Thus, the development of innovative methods to aid in exercise performance is of great interest.

Noninvasive brain stimulation in rehabilitation of hemispatial neglect after stroke.

Background: Noninvasive brain stimulation can modulate neural processing within the motor cortex and thereby might be beneficial in the rehabilitation of hemispatial neglect after stroke.

Methods: We review the pertinent literature regarding the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation in order to facilitate recovery of hemispatial neglect after stroke.

Results: Twenty controlled trials (including 443 stroke patients) matched our inclusion criteria.

Cycle ergometer training vs resistance training in ICU-acquired weakness.

Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of cycle ergometer training and resistance training to enhance the efficiency of standard care to improve walking ability, muscular strength of the lower limbs, cardiovascular endurance and health-related quality of life during inpatient rehabilitation in intensive care unit acquired weakness.

Materials & Methods: Thirty-nine patients with severe to moderate walking disability were enrolled in one of the three experimental groups: (a) ergometer training group, (b) resistance training group and (c) control group (standard care only). Intervention was applied 5 days a week over a 4-week period during inpatient neurological rehabilitation.

Cortico-spinal excitability and hand motor recovery in stroke: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To describe the relationship between changes of cortico-spinal excitability and motor recovery of the affected hand after stroke.

Methods: Eighteen hemiparetic stroke patients with a severe-to-mild upper limb motor impairment were randomized. Cortico-spinal excitability measures (resting motor thresholds and motor evoked potentials) obtained from a distal (abductor pollicis brevis) and proximal (biceps brachii) upper limb muscle were assessed for both hemispheres.

Motor Recovery of the Affected Hand in Subacute Stroke Correlates with Changes of Contralesional Cortical Hand Motor Representation.

. To investigate the relationship between changes of cortical hand motor representation and motor recovery of the affected hand in subacute stroke. .