E-cigarette consumption among youth who vape in Canada, England, New Zealand and the USA: Exploring methods to quantify consumption amounts and differences by product attributes using population-level surveys.

Significance: Despite the popularity of vaping among young people, data on e-liquid consumption remain limited. The current study explores methods to quantify e-liquid consumption among youth who currently vape in four countries.

Methods: Data were analysed from the 2023 International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Youth Surveys, conducted online with national samples in Canada, England, New Zealand and the USA, among 2916 youth aged 16-19 who vaped in the past 30 days.

Impact of standardising the colour and branding of vape devices on product appeal among young people: a randomised experiment in England, Canada and the United States.

Objective: To estimate the impact of standardising the colour and branding of disposable vaping devices on young people's interest in trying them.

Design, Setting And Participants: Data were from national surveys of 16-29-year-olds in Canada, England and the United States in 2023 (N=15 259).

Interventions: Respondents were randomised (1:1) to view images of either four branded disposable vapes (N=7638) or four standardised white disposable vapes (n=7621) and asked which they would be interested in trying.

Lost in transcription - how accurately are we documenting the surgical ward round?

Background: Ward rounds are crucial to providing high-quality patient care in hospitals. Ward round quality is strongly linked to patient outcomes, yet ward round best practice is severely underrepresented in the literature. Accurate and thorough ward round documentation is essential to improving communication and patient outcomes.

Nicotine Exposure From Smoking Tobacco and Vaping Among Adolescents.

Importance: It remains unknown whether nicotine intake among youths who vape is lower, comparable, or higher than among youths who smoke.

Objective: To examine potential differences in biomarkers of exposure to nicotine (1) between adolescents who smoke tobacco, vape, both vape and smoke (dual use), or do not use; (2) between adolescents in 3 countries; and (3) by nicotine content and form in the vaping product last used among adolescents who exclusively vaped.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based, observational cross-sectional study invited adolescents aged 16 to 19 years in Canada, England, and the US who had previously completed national surveys to participate in a biomarker study based on their vaping and smoking status.

Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States Who Vape and/or Smoke Tobacco or Do Neither.

Background: Few studies examine biomarkers of exposure to vaping and tobacco products among youth. We compared biomarkers for toxicants between youth who vape, smoke, "dual-use", or neither.

Methods: Participants ages 16 to 19 years in Canada, England, and the United States completed surveys and self-collected urine samples between September 2019 and January 2022 (N = 364).

Awareness and perceived behaviour changes following the New York state vaping flavour ban, 2021-2022.

Significance: Despite an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) flavour ban in New York (NY) since May 2020, most youth who vape continue to report vaping restricted flavours. This study aims to examine youth awareness and perceived behaviour change associated with the NY vaping flavour ban.

Methods: NY cross-sectional data from 2021 and 2022 ITC Youth Survey were combined and analysed (N=1014).

Packaging of disposable vaping products and e-liquids in England, Canada and the United States: A content analysis.

Background And Aims: Vaping product packaging is varied and often features bright colours and novel designs, particularly among recently marketed disposable vapes. This study provides an overview of attributes found on the packaging of popular disposable vapes and e-liquid bottles in England, Canada and the United States (US) and assesses compliance with local packaging regulations.

Design: Content analysis.

Use of disposable e-cigarettes among youth who vape in Canada, England and the United States: Repeat cross-sectional surveys, 2017-2023.

Aims: To measure changes over time (between 2017 and 2023) in disposable e-cigarette use and popular brands among youth in Canada, England and the United States (US) who vaped.

Design: Nine waves of repeat cross-sectional data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey.

Setting: Online surveys conducted in Canada, England and the US between 2017 and 2023.

Use of Menthol Cigarettes and Accessories Among Youth Who Smoked After the Menthol Cigarette Ban in England and Canada, 2021: Implications for Health Equity.

Introduction: This study examined menthol cigarette use among youth who smoked, after menthol cigarette bans were implemented in England (May 2020) and Canada (October 2017).

Aims And Methods: Cross-sectional data come from 2021 ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey respondents aged 16-19 who smoked in the past 30 d in England (N = 715) and Canada (N = 419). Adjusted logistic regression models, estimated separately for each country, examined sociodemographic correlates of usually smoking menthol cigarettes (reporting currently most often smoking menthol cigarettes) overall, and by past 30-d use of any menthol accessories (e.

Associations between vaping and self-reported respiratory symptoms in young people in Canada, England and the US.

Background: Prevalence of youth nicotine vaping has increased, heightening concerns around negative health effects. This study aimed to compare self-reported respiratory symptoms among youth by vaping behaviours.

Methods: Participants (n = 39,214) aged 16-19 from the 2020 and 2021 International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Surveys (Canada, England, US).

Comparison of Indicators of Dependence for Vaping and Smoking: Trends Between 2017 and 2022 Among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States.

Introduction: The current study sought to examine trends in indicators of dependence for youth vaping and smoking during a period of rapid evolution in the e-cigarette market.

Aims And Methods: Data are from repeat cross-sectional online surveys conducted between 2017 and 2022 among youth aged 16-19 in Canada, England, and the United States (US). Participants were 23 145 respondents who vaped and/or smoked in the past 30 days.

Use of 'Elf Bar' among youth and young adults who currently vape in England: cross-sectional associations with demographics, dependence indicators and reasons for use.

Background And Aims: Elf Bar is currently the leading e-cigarette (vape) brand in Great Britain. This study examined youth and young adults' use of Elf Bar, socio-demographic characteristics and dependence indicators and reasons for use over other brands.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Noticing education campaigns or public health messages about vaping among youth in the United States, Canada and England from 2018 to 2022.

Public health campaigns have the potential to correct vaping misperceptions. However, campaigns highlighting vaping harms to youth may increase misperceptions that vaping is equally/more harmful than smoking. Vaping campaigns have been implemented in the United States and Canada since 2018 and in England since 2017 but with differing focus: youth vaping prevention (United States/Canada) and smoking cessation (England).

Trends in vaping and nicotine product use among youth in Canada, England and the USA between 2017 and 2022: evidence to inform policy.

Background: Preventing uptake of nicotine products among youth remains a central objective of tobacco control policy. Comparing trends in the use of nicotine across countries provides an opportunity to identify emergent product trends and to evaluate 'natural experiments' in policies.

Methods: Repeat cross-sectional data were analysed from eight waves of the International Tobacco Control Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey, conducted between 2017 and 2022.

Opioid prescribing, pain, and hospital stay of general surgery patients with oxycodone allergies in South Australia.

Background: The frequency of oxycodone adverse reactions, subsequent opioid prescription, effect on pain and patient care in general surgery patients are not well known. This study aimed to determine prevalence of documented oxycodone allergy and intolerances (independent variables) in a general surgical cohort, and association with prescribing other analgesics (particularly opioids), subjective pain scores, and length of hospital stay (dependent variables).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included general surgery patients from two South Australian hospitals between April 2020 and March 2022.

Surgery's Rosetta Stone: Natural language processing to predict discharge and readmission after general surgery.

Background: This study aimed to examine the accuracy with which multiple natural language processing artificial intelligence models could predict discharge and readmissions after general surgery.

Methods: Natural language processing models were derived and validated to predict discharge within the next 48 hours and 7 days and readmission within 30 days (based on daily ward round notes and discharge summaries, respectively) for general surgery inpatients at 2 South Australian hospitals. Natural language processing models included logistic regression, artificial neural networks, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers.

Sociocultural and Demographic Factors Predict Readmissions for General Surgery Patients.

Introduction: Readmission is a poor outcome for both patients and healthcare systems. The association of certain sociocultural and demographic characteristics with likelihood of readmission is uncertain in general surgical patients.

Method: A multi-centre retrospective cohort study of consecutive unique individuals who survived to discharge during general surgical admissions was conducted.

Improving communication and patient information recall via a question prompt list: randomized clinical trial.

Background: Patient-surgeon communication is an important component of the success of a consultation and is known to impact patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a document called a question prompt list, containing suggested questions that a patient may like to ask their doctor, improved communication.

Methods: A prospective RCT was conducted from October 2021 to October 2022 at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.

Youth Use of e-Cigarette Flavor and Device Combinations and Brands Before vs After FDA Enforcement.

Importance: The US Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) prioritized its enforcement efforts against nontobacco, nonmenthol (ie, sweet)-flavored cartridge e-cigarettes in February 2020. Within-person e-cigarette initiation, continuation, and switching behaviors among youth are unknown following CTP's prioritized enforcement efforts.

Objective: To describe transitions in youths' e-cigarette flavor/device combination use, brand use, nicotine use, and frequency of use following CTP's e-cigarette enforcement prioritization.

Vital signs and medical emergency response (MER) activation predict in-hospital mortality in general surgery patients: a study of 15 969 admissions.

Background: The applicability of the vital signs prompting medical emergency response (MER) activation has not previously been examined specifically in a large general surgical cohort. This study aimed to characterize the distribution, and predictive performance, of four vital signs selected based on Australian guidelines (oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and heart rate); with those of the MER activation criteria.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients admitted under general surgical services of two hospitals in South Australia over 2 years.

Perceptions of cannabis use risk to mental health among youth in Canada, England and the United States from 2017 to 2021.

Background: There is little research examining perceptions of cannabis use risk to mental health in countries with differing cannabis regulations. This study therefore examines such perceptions among youth between 2017 and 2021 in Canada (non-medical cannabis legalized in October 2018), England (highly-restricted medical cannabis legalized November 2018), and the US (non-medical cannabis legal in some states).

Methods: Seven repeat cross-sectional online surveys were conducted between July 2017 to August 2021 among youth aged 16-19 in Canada (N=29,420), England (N=28,155), and the US (N=32,974).

Impact of E-liquid Packaging on Vaping Product Perceptions Among Youth in England, Canada, and the United States: A Randomized Online Experiment.

Introduction: Vaping is not risk-free but can help those who smoke to reduce harm to health and stop smoking. However, packaging of vaping products, including e-liquids, appeals to youth and might facilitate vaping among nicotine-naïve people. Standardized packaging of vaping products could moderate the appeal of vaping among youth.

Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems or Cigarette Smoking After US Food and Drug Administration-Prioritized Enforcement Against Fruit-Flavored Cartridges.

Importance: The Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) of the US Food and Drug Administration prioritized its enforcement efforts against non-tobacco-, non-menthol- (fruit-) flavored cartridge electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in February 2020.

Objective: To evaluate adults' use of ENDS and cigarette smoking following the CTP's prioritized enforcement efforts against fruit-flavored cartridge ENDS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this population-based, nationally representative US cohort study, data were collected from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study from December 2018 to November 2019 (hereafter referred to as 2019) and/or from September 2020 to December 2020 (Adult Telephone Survey, hereafter referred to as 2020).

An examination of quitting smoking as a reason for vaping by the type of nicotine vaping device used most often among adults who smoke and vape: Findings from the Canada, England and the United States 2020 ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey.

Several nicotine vaping product (NVP) device types are available to consumers, and many people who smoke report vaping to help them quit. This study included data from the Wave 3 (2020) ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey in the US, Canada, and England and included 2324 adults who were smoking cigarettes and vaping at least weekly. Device types currently used most often (disposables, cartridges/pods, or tank systems) were assessed using weighted descriptive statistics.