Harmful words: A qualitative survey of pain clinicians' perspectives on unhelpful messages in chronic pain.

Individuals living with chronic pain report experiences of stigma and invalidation, including from health professionals. Anecdotally, specialist pain clinicians must work hard to engage and treat patients who have past experiences of professionals discounting their pain, or of confusing or unsettling messaging about the cause of their symptoms. However, no study has yet explored pain clinicians' perspectives on unhelpful clinical messaging in this area.

The effects of autistic traits in adolescents on the efficacy of paediatric Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment (IIPT).

Autistic adolescents are at greater risk of chronic pain, but it is unclear how autistic features may relate to individual aspects of chronic pain. As autism traits exist in the general population as well, it is important to know if autistic traits could impact how effective chronic pain management is for adolescents. Here we examined autistic traits in 112 patients (12-18yrs) recruited from a UK national specialist adolescent pain rehabilitation programme.

Understanding the impacts of chronic pain on autistic adolescents and effective pain management: a reflexive thematic analysis adolescent-maternal dyadic study.

Objective: Sensory elements are core features in chronic pain and autism, yet knowledge of the pain experience in autistic adolescents is limited. Little is known regarding how autistic adolescents experience chronic pain, manage their pain and perceive psychological treatment for their chronic pain.

Methods: Ten autistic adolescents (6 female, 3 male, and 1 self-identified as agender) with chronic pain and their mothers (n = 10) participated in semistructured interviews concerning their perceptions of living with chronic pain.

Pediatrician Explanations of Pediatric Pain in Clinical Settings: A Delicate Craft.

Explaining chronic pain to children and families can be challenging, particularly in the absence of an obvious physiologically identifiable cause for the child's pain. In addition to medical intervention, children and families may expect clinicians to provide clarity around the cause of pain. Such explanations are often provided by clinicians who have not received formal pain training.

The sands of time: Adolescents' temporal perceptions of peer relationships and autonomy in the context of living with chronic pain.

The incidence of chronic and recurrent pain increases in adolescence. Prevalence of adolescent chronic pain is estimated to be 11%-44%, with approximately 5% adolescents experiencing moderate-to-severe chronic pain. Adolescents with chronic pain also report unwanted changes in emotional, social, and developmental functioning.

Peoples' experiences of painful diabetic neuropathy: are pain management programmes appropriate?

Objective: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a painful complication of diabetes. This study aimed to explore: (1) strategies used by participants to manage impacts of PDN and (2) their perspectives on whether strategies from pain management programmes (PMPs) had applicability for PDN.

Design: Participants were recruited through local National Health Service (NHS) diabetes and PDN clinics, and nationally from a diabetes support charity.

Body mass in adolescents with chronic pain: observational study.

Objective: In a paediatric chronic pain population, to determine whether higher body mass was associated with poorer functioning, mood or treatment outcome.

Design: Cross-sectional study with examination of treatment outcomes.

Setting: Tertiary specialist adolescent pain rehabilitation unit.

Pain Acceptance in Adolescents: Development of a Short Form of the CPAQ-A.

Objective: Acceptance of pain is a predictor of pain-related disability and treatment outcome in adolescents with pain. This variable has been previously measured using the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire for Adolescents (CPAQ-A, McCracken, Gauntlett-Gilbert, & Eccleston, European Journal of Pain, 14, 316-320, 2010). We set out to create a short, eight-item, form of this instrument that retained its factor structure and clinical utility.

A developmental arrest? Interruption and identity in adolescent chronic pain.

Introduction: Although the pediatric pain literature has explored the role of developmental factors in young children's acute pain, relatively less is known about specific developmental challenges in adolescents with chronic pain.

Objectives: To meet this knowledge gap, this study sought to adopt an idiographic phenomenological approach to examine how adolescents make sense of their own development in the context of living with chronic pain.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with ten adolescents (12-17 years; 7 females) recruited from a tertiary care pain treatment programme.

Dispositional Mindfulness and Its Relationship With Distress and Functioning in Adolescents With Chronic Pain and Low-Level Pain.

Objective: Dispositional mindfulness is the general tendency to pay attention to present-moment awareness without judgment. The main aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine (a) whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with psychological distress in adolescents with chronic pain and low-level pain, and (b) whether it accounts for unique variance in distress after controlling for key variables from the pain literature. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and functioning.

Understanding the link between feelings of mental defeat, self-efficacy and the experience of chronic pain.

Objectives: 'Mental defeat' (MD) has been identified among people with chronic pain as a type of self-processing related to social role and rank. Research has linked it to anxiety, pain interference and functional disability. The relationship between MD and other cognitive constructs, such as hopelessness and depression, remains poorly understood.

Evaluation of an Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents With Chronic Pain and Their Parents: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: Parental factors are central in the development and maintenance of chronic pain in youths. Only a handful of studies have investigated the impact of psychological treatments for pediatric chronic pain on parental factors, and the relationships between changes in parental and adolescent factors. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of an intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for adolescents with chronic pain, on adolescent and parental variables, and the relationship between parental psychological flexibility and adolescent pain acceptance.

Emergency Department Staff Attitudes Toward People Presenting in Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: Patients who experience their nonmalignant chronic pain as intolerable sometimes present at Emergency Departments (EDs). However, as emergency medical services are set up to provide rapid treatment for acute injury or illness; there is potential for misunderstanding and disappointment. Literature on the topic of ED staff attitudes toward chronic pain patients is minimal, USA-based and methodologically unsatisfying.

The role of physical activity and psychological coping strategies in the management of painful diabetic neuropathy--A systematic review of the literature.

Background: Diabetes is rising in prevalence; painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one complication of diabetes. PDN is primarily managed with medication but analgesic failure is common and people remain in pain and distress. It is unclear whether pain management strategies are appropriate for PDN.

Benzodiazepines May be Worse Than Opioids: Negative Medication Effects in Severe Chronic Pain.

Objectives: Opioid prescription for noncancer pain is increasing in Europe and the United States. Research and guidance have focused on the potential for dependency and medical side effects with high doses. In contrast, benzodiazepines have received little attention in the chronic pain literature, despite evidence for dependency and cognitive impairment in long-term use.

Parental behaviour in paediatric chronic pain: a qualitative observational study.

Objectives: Parental behaviour appears to influence the adjustment of children with chronic pain. However, research in this area has failed to produce consistent evidence. Studies have tended to rely on self-report measures derived from adult pain populations.

Veterans and chronic pain.

1. Musculoskeletal problems are the commonest reason for medical discharge in all the British armed forces. By definition, these problems are chronic and resistant to treatment.

Physical and social functioning in adolescents with rheumatological conditions: a study of predictors.

Aim: This study examines possible predictors of physical and social functioning in adolescents with rheumatological conditions. Condition-related variables and psychosocial variables were studied, and their relative contribution as predictors was examined.

Methods: The study population was one hundred and twelve adolescents (11-18 years) attending secondary and tertiary paediatric rheumatology outpatient clinics in south-west England.

Acceptance and values-based treatment of adolescents with chronic pain: outcomes and their relationship to acceptance.

Objective: Psychological treatments for pediatric chronic pain are moderately effective. However, there have been few studies of the psychological processes associated with treatment response. This study examines the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) treatment on a severely disabled group of adolescents with chronic pain, examining relationships between outcome and acceptance.

Role of psychological flexibility in parents of adolescents with chronic pain: development of a measure and preliminary correlation analyses.

Parent responses to the experiences of adolescents with chronic pain are deemed important. At the same time the best ways to conceptualize, measure, and intervene with these are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to develop a measure of parent responses based on the approach proposed in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), an approach that focuses on psychological flexibility.

Acceptance of pain in adolescents with chronic pain: validation of an adapted assessment instrument and preliminary correlation analyses.

It is important to understand the processes that contribute to disability and distress in adolescents with chronic pain. For example, research has identified that when adolescents can positively adapt to the consequences of health condition, rather than attempt to change the condition itself, they also function better and experience less distress. This pattern of behavior is similar to what is referred to as "acceptance" of pain in the adult literature.

Young people making sense of pain: cognitive appraisal, function, and pain in 8-16 year old children.

Recurrent pain is a common childhood problem which for some becomes chronic and is associated with severely impaired functioning. Relationships of psychological variables with impaired functioning have rarely been investigated in samples of children reporting pain in non-clinical settings. The aim of this study was to examine the role of cognitive appraisal in the relationship between chronic pain and level of functioning in a normal school-attending population of children who report pain as a common experience.