Uptake of video telehealth in general practice: an Australian whole-of-population analysis.

Background: Video use remains low in primary care telehealth consultations. Little is known about patterns of use, or policy levers to promote video.

Aim: To investigate use of video telehealth in Australian general practice under permanent telehealth arrangements post-COVID lockdowns, and during a policy change removing reimbursement for long telephone consultations.

What influences the implementation of health checks in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australian primary health care? Findings from an evidence mapping review.

Background: Chronic disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. A comprehensive health assessment is available as an annual health check (HC) to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples through the Medicare Benefits Schedule in primary health care settings. This review aims to systematically identify contextual and mechanistic factors that contribute to the success or failure of implementing effective HCs in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australian primary health care (PHC).

Kaat koort: Study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of a multifactorial, multidisciplinary Aboriginal Health Practitioner-led Aboriginal dementia prevention intervention.

Background: Limited available data indicate that dementia prevalence rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter Aboriginal) peoples are 3-5 times higher than the overall Australian population. Effective, pragmatic and scalable interventions are urgently required to address this disproportionate burden of dementia in Aboriginal populations.

Methods: Kaat Koort is a pragmatic two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial which will recruit a sample of 354 participants from two Aboriginal community-controlled health services in the south-west of Western Australia.

Risk of behavioural and developmental difficulties in early childhood in the Australian Capital Territory.

Aim: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of risk for developmental and behavioural problems for children in their first year of full-time primary education in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).

Methods: We conducted an analysis of the 2014-2017 Kindergarten Health Check (KHC), an annual series of complete enumeration surveys of all children in their first year of full-time primary education in the ACT. Risk for developmental and behavioural problems was determined using the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) questionnaire.

Understanding the implementation of health checks in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia: a realist review protocol.

Introduction: Chronic disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. Regular structured, comprehensive health assessments are available to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as annual health checks funded through the Medicare Benefits Schedule. This realist review aims to identify context-specific enablers and tensions and contribute to developing an evidence framework to guide the implementation of health checks in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Output-orientated policy engagement: a model for advancing the use of epidemiological evidence in health policy.

Background: Use of epidemiological research in policy and practice is suboptimal, contributing to significant preventable morbidity and mortality. Barriers to the use of research evidence in policy include lack of research-policy engagement, lack of policy-relevant research, differences in policymaker and researcher practice norms, time constraints, difficulties in coordination, and divergent languages and reward systems.

Approach And Outcomes: In order to increase policy-relevant research and research uptake, we developed the output-orientated policy engagement (OOPE) model, in Australia.

Health care cost of crusted scabies in Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory, Australia.

Background: Crusted scabies is a debilitating dermatological condition. Although still relatively rare in the urban areas of Australia, rates of crusted scabies in remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory (NT) are reported to be among the highest in the world.

Objective: To estimate the health system costs associated with diagnosing, treating and managing crusted scabies.

After-hours presentations to community-based primary care in the Australian Capital Territory.

This study describes patient characteristics and presentations to community-based primary care medical services in the after-hours period. A cross-sectional survey completed by practitioners was voluntarily conducted over one weeknight and weekend in 2019 at 31 of 51 extended hours general practices (GP), three of three medical deputising services and three of three nurse-led walk-in clinics (WICs). Of 3371 community-based after-hours presentations, 934 consultation records were obtained (overall response: 28%).

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health checks: sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective: To quantify Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health check claims in Australian adults in relation to sociodemographic and health characteristics, including prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors.

Methods: The study involved analysis of baseline data (2006-2009) from the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study, involving 1753 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults in New South Wales, Australia, linked to Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) hospital and death data (to December 2015). The outcome was a claim for receiving a Medicare-funded Health Assessment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People (MBS item 715) in the 2 years before December 2015.

Parents' perceptions of their child's weight among children in their first year of primary school: a mixed-methods analysis of an Australian cross-sectional (complete enumeration) study.

Background/objectives: To describe trends in overweight/obesity in early childhood for all children and those whose parents are concerned about their weight. To describe parents' perceptions of their child's weight and differences by their child's anthropometric and sociodemographic factors.

Subjects/methods: Analysis of the Kindergarten Health Check, a survey of all children enrolled in their first year of primary education in the Australian Capital Territory.

The relationship of socioeconomic factors to the use of preventative cardiovascular disease medications: A prospective Australian cohort study.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events are highly preventable through appropriate treatment and disproportionally affect socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. This study quantified the relationship of socioeconomic factors to dispensing and persistent use of lipid- and blood pressure-lowering medication following hospital admission for a major CVD event (myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack). Data from 8285 people with such events aged ≥45 years from the Australian 45 and Up Study with linked medication data were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) for combined lipid- and blood pressure-lowering dispensing at three-months following hospital discharge and for 12-month persistent use, in relation to education, income, and level of medication subsidisation.

Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults: the construct of 'vulnerable populations' obscures the root causes of health inequities.

Objective: To quantify the prevalence of known health-related risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, and their relationship with social determinants.

Methods: Weighted cross-sectional analysis of the 2018-19 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey; Odds Ratios for cumulative risk count category (0, 1, or ≥2 health-related risk factors) by social factors calculated using ordered logistic regression.

Results: Of the adult population, 42.

Obesity management in primary care: systematic review exploring the influence of therapeutic alliance.

Purpose: To identify the influence of the therapeutic alliance on the effectiveness of obesity interventions delivered in primary care.

Method: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of primary care interventions for adult patients living with obesity. Comprehensive search strategy using the terms 'obesity', 'primary care' and 'intervention' of seven databases from 1 January 1998 to March 2018.

Absolute cardiovascular disease risk score and pharmacotherapy at the time of admission in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome due to coronary artery disease in a single Australian tertiary centre: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To describe (1) absolute cardiovascular disease risk (ACVDR) scores in patients presenting to hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and (2) proportions of these patients on guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy according to their ACVDR score.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Single-site tertiary centre hospital, Queensland, Australia over a 12-month period.

Characteristics and outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with dialysis-dependent kidney disease in Australian intensive care units.

Background: In Australia, 531 people per million population have dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD5D). The incidence is four times higher for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (indigenous) people compared with non-Indigenous Australians. CKD5D increases the risk of hospitalisation, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality compared with patients without CKD5D.

Cross-sectional survey describing general practitioners' absolute cardiovascular disease risk assessment practices and their relationship to knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about cardiovascular disease risk in Queensland, Australia.

Objectives: To describe general practitioners' (GPs') absolute cardiovascular disease risk (ACVDR) self-reported assessment practices and their relationship to knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about ACVDR.

Design: Cross-sectional survey with opportunistic sampling (October-December 2017).

Setting: Sunshine Coast region, Queensland, Australia.

Physical activity and risk of behavioural and mental health disorders in kindergarten children: analysis of a series of cross-sectional complete enumeration (census) surveys.

Objectives: There is mixed evidence on the relationship between physical activity and behavioural and mental health. We aimed to estimate the association between physical activity and risk of behavioural and mental health disorders in early school-aged children.

Design: A series of cross-sectional complete enumeration (census) surveys.

Cardiovascular disease risk assessment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults aged under 35 years: a consensus statement.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This statement from the Australian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation and the Editorial Committee for Remote Primary Health Care Manuals communicates the latest consensus advice of guideline developers, aligning recommendations on the age to commence Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander CVD risk assessment across three guidelines. MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS: In Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples without existing CVD: CVD risk factor screening should commence from the age of 18 years at the latest, including for blood glucose level or glycated haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum lipids, urine albumin to creatinine ratio, and other risk factors such as blood pressure, history of familial hypercholesterolaemia, and smoking status.

Understanding the structure and processes of primary health care for young indigenous children.

INTRODUCTION Primary health care organisations need to continuously reform to more effectively address current health challenges, particularly for vulnerable populations. There is growing evidence that optimal health service structures are essential for producing positive outcomes. AIM To determine if there is an association between process of care indicators (PoCIs) for important young indigenous child health and social issues and: (i) primary health-care service and child characteristics; and (ii) organisational health service structures.

A systematic review of scabies transmission models and data to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of scabies interventions.

Background: Scabies is a common dermatological condition, affecting more than 130 million people at any time. To evaluate and/or predict the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of scabies interventions, disease transmission modelling can be used.

Objective: To review published scabies models and data to inform the design of a comprehensive scabies transmission modelling framework to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of scabies interventions.

General practitioners' perspectives on the prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and prevention of CVD is a public health priority. This paper aims to describe the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) on the prevention of CVD across different contexts.

Design: Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies using the Enhancing Transparency of Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative research (ENTREQ) framework.

The influence of therapeutic alliance on adult obesity interventions in primary care: A systematic review protocol.

Background And Objectives: Obesity is a common chronic condition, and general practitioners are seeking more effective strategies for assisting their patients. The therapeutic relationship between patients and practitioners is increasingly recognised as a fundamental part of intervention effectiveness. The influence of therapeutic relationships in obesity interventions in primary care has not been systematically studied.