Trends and variation in the incidence of hip fracture in England before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2014-2024): a population-based observational study.

Background: Hip fractures are a common serious injury in older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on hip fracture prevention services, but contemporary data on incidence are scarce. We investigated recent trends and variation in the incidence of hip fracture in England.

Higher vitamin K1 intakes are associated with lower subclinical atherosclerosis and lower risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease-related outcomes in older women.

Purpose: Vitamin K may inhibit vascular calcification, a common attribute of atherosclerotic vascular diseases (ASVDs). We examined associations between dietary vitamin K1 intakes and both subclinical atherosclerosis and ASVD events, including hospitalisations and mortality, in older women.

Methods: 1,436 community-dwelling women (mean ± SD age 75.

Facilitating clinical trials in hip fracture in the UK : the role and potential of the National Hip Fracture Database and routinely collected data.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability, against an accepted international standard, of a linked hip fracture registry and routinely collected administrative dataset in England to embed and deliver randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: First, a bespoke cohort of individuals sustaining hip fractures between 2011 and 2016 was generated from the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) and linked to individual Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) records and mortality data. Second, in order to explore the availability and distribution of outcomes available in linked HES-Office of National Statistics (ONS) data, a more contemporary cohort with incident hip fracture was identified within HES between January 2014 and December 2018.

Dose-Response Associations Between Diet and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

To provide a systematic and quantitative summary of dietary factors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis included prospective cohort studies from 2000 to 2024 reporting relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RA incidence relating to 32 different dietary exposures. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted.

Proteomic networks of gray and white matter reveal tissue-specific changes in human tauopathy.

Objective: To define tauopathy-associated changes in the human gray and white matter proteome.

Method: We applied tandem mass tagged labeling and mass spectrometry, consensus, and ratio weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to gray and white matter sampled from postmortem human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The sampled tissues included control as well as Alzheimer's disease, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, frontotemporal degeneration with tau pathology, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

The Association of Oral Processing Factors and Nutrient Intake in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Oral health and food oral-processing issues emerge with functional decline in the older adult population, potentially increasing the risk of malnutrition. Impairment of oral health is associated with poorer nutrition status; however, the relationship between oral factors and the intake of each nutrient remains poorly understood.

Objective: The associations between different oral factors and nutrient intakes among community-dwelling older adults were investigated.

The impact of school-based cooking classes on vegetable intake, cooking skills and food literacy of children aged 4-12 years: A systematic review of the evidence 2001-2021.

Background: Many children consume a poor quality diet with only a third of children aged 6-9 years eating vegetables daily. A high quality diet is important for good health in childhood; however, the prevalence of children living with obesity has doubled from 10% to 23% during primary school in the UK. Cooking lessons have the potential to improve diet quality and reduce obesity prevalence in childhood, both of which are associated with improved cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.

Synthetically accessible de novo design using reaction vectors: Application to PARP1 inhibitors.

De novo design has been a hotly pursued topic for many years. Most recent developments have involved the use of deep learning methods for generative molecular design. Despite increasing levels of algorithmic sophistication, the design of molecules that are synthetically accessible remains a major challenge.

Nutritional strategies to optimise musculoskeletal health for fall and fracture prevention: Looking beyond calcium, vitamin D and protein.

Falls and osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem, particularly among older adults. A third of individuals aged 65 years and over fall at least once each year, with up to 20 % of these resulting in serious injury, including fracture. In conjunction with regular exercise, the importance of diet for musculoskeletal health has largely focused upon calcium, vitamin D, and protein, particularly in the context of preventing falls and fractures.

Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: a prospective cohort study of 413,914 UK Biobank participants.

Background: Meat-free diets may be associated with a higher risk of hip fracture, but prospective evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the risk of hip fracture in occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians compared to regular meat-eaters in the UK Biobank, and to explore the role of potential mediators of any observed risk differences.

Methods: Middle-aged UK adults were classified as regular meat-eaters (n = 258,765), occasional meat-eaters (n = 137,954), pescatarians (n = 9557), or vegetarians (n = 7638) based on dietary and lifestyle information at recruitment (2006-2010).

Maternal Iodine Status and Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background & aims: Iodine is important for thyroid function during pregnancy to support fetal growth, but studies of maternal iodine status and birth outcomes are conflicting. We aimed to quantify the association between iodine status and birth outcomes, including potential threshold effects using nonlinear dose−response curves. Methods: We systematically searched Medline and Embase to 10 October 2022 for relevant cohort studies.

Foods, nutrients and hip fracture risk: A prospective study of middle-aged women.

Background And Aims: Hip fracture affects 1.6 million people globally each year, and increases morbidity and mortality. There is potential for risk reduction through diet modification, but prospective evidence for associations between intake of several foods and nutrients and hip fracture risk is limited.

Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: results from the UK Women's Cohort Study.

Background: The risk of hip fracture in women on plant-based diets is unclear. We aimed to investigate the risk of hip fracture in occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians compared to regular meat-eaters in the UK Women's Cohort Study and to determine if potential associations between each diet group and hip fracture risk are modified by body mass index (BMI).

Methods: UK women, ages 35-69 years, were classified as regular meat-eaters (≥ 5 servings/week), occasional meat-eaters (< 5 servings/week), pescatarian (ate fish but not meat), or vegetarian (ate neither meat nor fish) based on a validated 217-item food frequency questionnaire completed in 1995-1998.

Glial profiling of human tauopathy brain demonstrates enrichment of astrocytic transcripts in tau-related frontotemporal degeneration.

To understand how glia may be altered in frontotemporal degeneration with tau pathology (FTD-tau), we used a NanoString glial profiling panel to measure 770 transcripts related to glial biology in human control (n = 8), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 8), and FTD-tau (n = 8) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Compared to control, 43 genes were upregulated and 86 genes were downregulated in the FTD-tau samples. Only 3 genes were upregulated and 2 were downregulated in AD.

Dietary risk factors for hip fracture in adults: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies.

Aim: To summarise the totality of evidence regarding dietary risk factors for hip fracture in adults, evaluating the quality of evidence, to provide recommendations for practice and further research.

Design: Systematic review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies.

Eligibility Criteria: Systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting summary risk estimates for associations between hip fracture incidence and dietary exposures including oral intake of a food, food group, beverage, or nutrient, or adherence to dietary patterns.

RENATE: A Pseudo-retrosynthetic Tool for Synthetically Accessible de novo Design.

Reaction-based de novo design refers to the generation of synthetically accessible molecules using transformation rules extracted from known reactions in the literature. In this context, we have previously described the extraction of reaction vectors from a reactions database and their coupling with a structure generation algorithm for the generation of novel molecules from a starting material. An issue when designing molecules from a starting material is the combinatorial explosion of possible product molecules that can be generated, especially for multistep syntheses.

Dairy farmers' perspectives on providing cow-calf contact in the pasture-based systems of New Zealand.

Separation of the cow and calf shortly after birth is a common practice on commercial dairy farms around the world, but there are emerging concerns about this practice among citizens and other stakeholders. Continuous improvement of on-farm management practices in collaboration with dairy sector stakeholders increases the likelihood that farming systems evolve in a way that is consistent with societal expectations. Few commercial dairy farms provide extended cow-calf contact, and there is little understanding of how dairy farmers view this practice.

Do Walking Distance and Time Away from the Paddock Influence Daily Behaviour Patterns and Milk Yield of Grazing Dairy Cows?

In pasture-based systems, cows may spend several hours away from the paddock and may also walk several kilometres to meet daily milking requirements; this could lead cows to experience time constraints for grazing, ruminating and lying time in the paddock. This study investigated how walking distance and time spent away from the paddock affected daily behavioural patterns (i.e.

Voluntary Oral Ingestion of a Sedative Prior to Euthanasia with CO: Behavioural Responses of Mice.

Laboratory mice are commonly euthanised with carbon dioxide (CO); however, there is ample evidence that this gas is aversive. Previous work suggests that sedation achieved via injection with benzodiazepines prior to CO administration could reduce aversive behaviours during euthanasia. We explored the potential of using a voluntarily ingested sedative (tiletamine-zolazepam, Zoletil) prior to euthanasia.

Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Change with Sleep Stage in Dairy Cows.

Changes to the amount and patterns of sleep stages could be a useful tool to assess the effects of stress or changes to the environment in animal welfare research. However, the gold standard method, polysomnography PSG, is difficult to use with large animals such as dairy cows. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to predict sleep stages in humans and could be useful as an easier method to identify sleep stages in cows.