Sleep abnormalities in bipolar disorders across mood phases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sleep abnormalities are core features of bipolar disorders (BD), but they have not been thoroughly examined across mood phases. This meta-analysis investigated sleep disturbance prevalence and sleep characteristics differences in BD across mood phases. A systematic search through September 2024 identified 44 studies (7614 BD cases, 3164 controls), including 11 prevalence and 34 case-control studies.

NetBat: A network-driven harmonization method for structural connectivity.

As the practice of aggregating multi-site neuroimaging data has become more common, the field of neuroscience has increasingly recognized the importance of harmonization , or the removal of scanner effects from brain imaging data. While many harmonization methods exist, like ComBat and CovBat, few explicitly incorporate the network structure of the brain. Researchers studying structural connectivity are therefore not guaranteed to model the true underlying brain network.

Multimodal evidence of mediodorsal thalamus-prefrontal circuit dysfunctions in clinical high-risk for psychosis: findings from a combined 7T fMRI, MRSI and sleep Hd-EEG study.

Deficits in mediodorsal thalamus-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MDT-DLPFC) resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) connectivity and prefrontal sleep spindles have been reported in chronic and early course schizophrenia. However, the presence of these alterations in clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), alongside their relationships with underlying neurotransmission and cognitive function, remains to be established. Thirty-one CHR and thirty-two HC underwent: 1) 7 T rs-fMRI; 2) 7 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI); and 3) sleep electroencephalography (EEG).

Reduced slow wave density is associated with worse positive symptoms in clinical high risk: An objective readout of symptom severity for early treatment interventions?

Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) present subsyndromal psychotic symptoms that can escalate and lead to the transition to a diagnosable psychotic disorder. Identifying biological parameters that are sensitive to these symptoms can therefore help objectively assess their severity and guide early interventions in CHR. Reduced slow wave oscillations (∼1 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement sleep were recently observed in first-episode psychosis patients and were linked to the intensity of their positive symptoms.

Unhealthy white matter connectivity, cognition, and racialization in older adults.

Introduction: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) may promote clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) disparities between Black American (BA) and non-Hispanic White (nHW) populations. Using a novel measurement, unhealthy white matter connectivity (UWMC), we interrogated racialized group differences in associations between WMH in AD pathology-affected regions and cognition.

Methods: UWMC is the proportion of white matter fibers that pass through WMH for every pair of brain regions.

MISPEL: A supervised deep learning harmonization method for multi-scanner neuroimaging data.

Large-scale data obtained from aggregation of already collected multi-site neuroimaging datasets has brought benefits such as higher statistical power, reliability, and robustness to the studies. Despite these promises from growth in sample size, substantial technical variability stemming from differences in scanner specifications exists in the aggregated data and could inadvertently bias any downstream analyses on it. Such a challenge calls for data normalization and/or harmonization frameworks, in addition to comprehensive criteria to estimate the scanner-related variability and evaluate the harmonization frameworks.

Sex matters: acute functional connectivity changes as markers of remission in late-life depression differ by sex.

The efficacy of antidepressant treatment in late-life is modest, a problem magnified by an aging population and increased prevalence of depression. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of treatment response in late-life depression (LLD) is imperative. Despite established sex differences in depression and neural circuits, sex differences associated with fMRI markers of antidepressant treatment response are underexplored.

Efficacy of a Vibrating Crib Mattress to Reduce Pharmacologic Treatment in Opioid-Exposed Newborns: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pharmacologic agents are often used to treat newborns with prenatal opioid exposure (POE) despite known adverse effects on neurodevelopment. Alternative nonpharmacological interventions are needed.

Objective: To examine efficacy of a vibrating crib mattress for treating newborns with POE.

Shared and distinct abnormalities in sleep-wake patterns and their relationship with the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder patients.

Sleep and rest-activity-rhythm (RAR) abnormalities are commonly reported in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) patients. However, an in-depth characterization of sleep/RAR alterations in SSD, including patients in different treatment settings, and the relationship between these alterations and SSD clinical features (e.g.

Laminar-Specific Alterations in Calbindin-Positive Boutons in the Prefrontal Cortex of Subjects With Schizophrenia.

Background: Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with altered GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). GABA neurotransmission requires GABA synthesis by 2 isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) and packaging by the vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT). Current postmortem findings suggest that GAD67 messenger RNA is lower in a subset of the calbindin-expressing (CB+) class of GABA neurons in schizophrenia.

Sleep Abnormalities in Different Clinical Stages of Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Abnormal sleep is frequent in psychosis; however, sleep abnormalities in different stages (ie, clinical high risk for psychosis [CHR-P], early psychosis [EP], and chronic psychosis [CP]) have not been characterized.

Objective: To identify sleep abnormalities across psychosis stages.

Data Sources: Web of Science and PubMed were searched between inception and June 15, 2022.

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate/Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Alterations in Clinical High Risk and First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Preliminary 7-T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging Study.

Converging lines of evidence suggest that an imbalance between excitation and inhibition is present in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia (SCZ). Gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) and, to a lesser extent, glutamate (Glu) abnormalities were reported in the DLPFC of SCZ patients, especially on the right hemisphere, by post-mortem studies. However, in vivo evidence of GABA, Glu, and Glu/GABA DLPFC abnormalities, particularly on the right side and the early stages of illness, is limited.

Sleep spindle alterations relate to working memory deficits in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Study Objectives: Sleep spindles are waxing and waning EEG waves exemplifying the main fast oscillatory activity occurring during NREM sleep. Several recent studies have established that sleep spindle abnormalities are present in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including in early-course and first-episode patients, and those spindle deficits are associated with some of the cognitive impairments commonly observed in these patients. Cognitive deficits are often observed before the onset of psychosis and seem to predict poor functional outcomes in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR).

Functional connectivity signatures of political ideology.

Emerging research has begun investigating the neural underpinnings of the biological and psychological differences that drive political ideology, attitudes, and actions. Here, we explore the neurological roots of politics through conducting a large sample, whole-brain analysis of functional connectivity (FC) across common fMRI tasks. Using convolutional neural networks, we develop predictive models of ideology using FC from fMRI scans for nine standard task-based settings in a novel cohort of healthy adults ( = 174, age range: 18 to 40, mean = 21.

Relationship between plasma clozapine/N-desmethylclozapine and changes in basal forebrain-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex coupling in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Clozapine (CLZ) demonstrates a unique clinical efficacy relative to other antipsychotic drugs. Previous work has linked the plasma ratio of CLZ and its major metabolite, N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), to an inverse relationship with cognition via putative action on the cholinergic system. However, neuroimaging correlates of CLZ/NDMC remain unknown.

A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing gamification with remote monitoring against standard rehabilitation for patients after arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Background: Gamification has become increasingly popular in rehabilitation and is viewed as a tool to improve patient activation, motivation, and engagement. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of validated exergames played through a system using "depth sensor" and bespoke software against standard physiotherapy in patients treated with arthroscopic shoulder surgery. This included the following common conditions: subacromial impingement syndrome, calcific tendinopathy, and rotator cuff tear.

Verification of fetal evoked response by magnetic dipole fitting.

Background: Investigation of fetal evoked response to auditory or visual stimuli is an important means of understanding the developmental stages and potential problems in prenatal life. It is, however, not without certain imperfections. The biggest challenge with fetal evoked response is its low signal to noise ratio.

An enhanced frequency dependent subtraction algorithm for removal of cardiac interference from fMEG by using minimum norm projection operator.

Background: A frequency dependent subtraction method, SUBTR, is developed to remove maternal and fetal magnetocardiography (mMCG and fMCG) interference from fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG). But channels close to fetal head cannot be used as references for SUBTR in order to protect fMEG from subtraction and this results in cardiac residual when these channels have important fMCG frequency components. Cardiac residual creates noise in evoked response (ER) which results in poor ER detection.

Effect of EKG Sampling Rate on Heart Rate Variability Analysis.

We studied the effect of EKG sampling rate on heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. We acquired EKG from four term hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathic infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. The EKG signal was acquired continuously for 4 days from the cardiorespiratory monitor through the analog port.

Electro-Mechanical Ionic Channel Modeling for Uterine Contractions and Oxytocin Effect during Pregnancy.

Uterine contractions during normal pregnancy and preterm birth are an important physiological activity. Although the cause of preterm labor is usually unknown, preterm birth creates very serious health concerns in many cases. Therefore, understanding normal birth and predicting preterm birth can help both newborn babies and their families.

A consistent organizational structure across multiple functional subnetworks of the human brain.

A recurrent theme of both cognitive and network neuroscience is that the brain has a consistent subnetwork structure that maps onto functional specialization for different cognitive tasks, such as vision, motor skills, and attention. Understanding how regions in these subnetworks relate is thus crucial to understanding the emergence of cognitive processes. However, the organizing principles that guide how regions within subnetworks communicate, and whether there is a common set of principles across subnetworks, remains unclear.

Does Hyperglycemia Affect Risk of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Upper Extremity Venous Thrombosis?

It is not clear whether blood glucose (BG) affects the risk of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related upper extremity venous thrombosis (PRUEVT). A case-control study was conducted comparing patients with PRUEVT versus patients with PICCs who did not develop PRUEVT. BG on admission was significantly higher among cases with PRUEVT than controls.

Statistical Modeling of the Default Mode Brain Network Reveals a Segregated Highway Structure.

We investigate the functional organization of the Default Mode Network (DMN) - an important subnetwork within the brain associated with a wide range of higher-order cognitive functions. While past work has shown the whole-brain network of functional connectivity follows small-world organizational principles, subnetwork structure is less well understood. Current statistical tools, however, are not suited to quantifying the operating characteristics of functional networks as they often require threshold censoring of information and do not allow for inferential testing of the role that local processes play in determining network structure.

Can shoulder range of movement be measured accurately using the Microsoft Kinect sensor plus Medical Interactive Recovery Assistant (MIRA) software?

Background: This study compared the accuracy of measuring shoulder range of movement (ROM) with a simple laptop-sensor combination vs. trained observers (shoulder physiotherapists and shoulder surgeons) using motion capture (MoCap) laboratory equipment as the gold standard.

Methods: The Microsoft Kinect sensor (Microsoft Corp.

Tracking Fetal Movement Through Source Localization From Multisensor Magnetocardiographic Recordings.

Due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) measurements have been used for fetal movement (FM) detection in several studies, which considered the changes in the amplitude and/or morphology of measured fMCG signals. Using source localization for fMCG measurements, we propose a novel method to fit a magnetic dipole moment to fetal heart signals and investigate the positional changes of magnetic dipole in order to detect FMs. We first split each fMCG recording into 6-s time windows.