Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a resistance exercise training to treat major depression via cerebrovascular mechanisms (RESIST Trial).

Background: Many adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not engage in treatment and may also not respond when current frontline treatments are completed. Resistance exercise training (RET) is an understudied behavioral treatment option, which may help with MDD management through improving cerebral blood flow that is commonly impaired in adults with MDD. The purpose of this study is to use gold-standard research methods to determine the validity (clinical efficacy) of RET for treating MDD and to determine potential cerebrovascular pathways through which RET might improve MDD symptoms.

Effects of Resistance Exercise on Depressed Mood State: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of resistance exercise training (RET) compared to a waitlist quantified the acute effects of a single resistance exercise session on depressed mood state.

Methods: Sixty-two young adults (26.6 ± 5.

Protocol for a randomized controlled trial: exercise-priming of CBT for depression (the CBT+ trial).

Background: Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and treatments could be more effective. Identifying methods to improve treatment success has the potential to reduce disease burden dramatically. Preparing or "priming" someone to respond more effectively to psychotherapy (e.

A full-factorial test of motivational and volitional intervention strategies for promoting exercise habit formation and exercise maintenance among new users of an online exercise class platform.

Interventions often fail to achieve long-term behavioral maintenance. Utilizing motivational and volitional strategies to promote behavioral maintenance factors may improve this. Using a full-factorial experiment, we tested the effects of three intervention components (focused on intrinsic motivation and identity, exercise preparation habit, and exercise instigation habit) on exercise participation over a year, among new users (N = 751; 91% identifying as female, 54% identifying as White race) of a global, online exercise class platform, run by Les Mills International Ltd, called LM+.

Epidemiology of physical activity and sedentary behavior levels among patients entering treatment for substance use disorder in the United States: a descriptive study.

Introduction: Little is known about physical activity behaviors among people with SUD. This study aimed to (a) describe self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary (SED) behaviors of adults with SUD initiating treatment (b), determine the potential contributions of drug of choice (DOC) on these behaviors, and (c) determine the potential contributions of level of care and demographic variables on these behaviors.

Methods: Secondary data that was collected via surveys including demographic information, psychological health, drug of choice, MVPA (categorized as inactive, insufficiently active, meets guidelines, exceeds guidelines) and SED (<4 h/day, 4-<6 h/day, 6-8 h/day, >8 h/day) were analyzed from 1,293 patients in inpatient/outpatient treatment facilities across the United States.

Psychological correlates of physical activity among adults living in rural and urban settings.

Middle-aged and older adults living in rural settings have been consistently less likely to report regular physical activity (PA) than those living in urban settings. While past literature has identified sociodemographic and environmental correlates of PA that may contribute to these differences, consideration of psychological correlates has been limited. A total of 95 rural and urban adults ≥50 years old provided self-reported sociodemographic information, PA level, and psychological correlates of PA including measures assessing motivation, self-efficacy, social support, and attitudes related to PA.

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a theory-informed resistance exercise training single-arm intervention for major depression.

Unlabelled: Many adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not receive effective treatment. The potential benefits of resistance exercise training (RET) are understudied and may be mechanistically related to cerebral blood flow changes.

Purpose: To assess feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 16-week, theory-informed RET trial for the treatment of MDD and explore changes in cerebral blood flow.

Resistance exercise for anxiety and depression: efficacy and plausible mechanisms.

Anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders are prevalent and poorly treated. The salutary benefits of resistance exercise training (RET), a potential alternative therapy, are well established, but mental health effects are understudied. This forum article summarizes the most rigorous evidence regarding efficacy of resistance exercise and provides a primer for putative psychobiological mechanisms.

Epidemiology of engagement in physical activity behaviors in people with epilepsy from National Health Interview Survey 2017.

Objective: Physical activity (PA) participation may be beneficial for people with epilepsy (PWE) but has been discouraged due to a fear that it may induce seizures. Using data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey, we aimed to describe current rates of PA sufficient to meet US PA Aerobic and Strength Training Guidelines (Aim #1), compare the average time PWE spend on aerobic activity and strength training activity (Aim #2), and compare rates of engagement with various types of PA (e.g.

Effects of resistance exercise training on depressive symptoms among young adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Evidence supports the antidepressant effects of resistance exercise training (RET); however, findings among young adults at-risk for elevated depressive symptoms are limited. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of eight weeks of ecologically-valid, guidelines-based RET, compared to a wait-list control, on depressive symptoms among 55 young adults (26±5y; 36 female) with and without subclinical, or analogue, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (AGAD; Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire GAD subscale ≥6 and Penn State Worry Questionnaire ≥45) and Major Depressive Disorder (AMDD). Following a three-week familiarization period, participants completed one-on-one, twice-weekly RET sessions.

Dose-response effects of acute exercise intensity on state anxiety among women with depression.

Anxiety is common in people with major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the anxiolytic effects of acute exercise in MDD are unknown. The purpose of this analysis was to determine a potentially optimal acute exercise intensity for reducing state anxiety in women with MDD, the duration of the response, and the potential influences of depression severity and preferred-intensity exercise. Using a within-subject, randomized, counter-balanced design, 24 participants completed five separate visits including 20  min of steady-state bicycling at prescribed ( RPE) light, moderate, or hard intensities, a preferred/self-selected session, or a quiet rest (QR) session.

Feasibility of an Exercise and CBT Intervention for Treatment of Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Depression (DEP) is prevalent and current treatments are ineffective for many people. This pilot study's purpose was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and plausible efficacy of an 8-week intervention employing 30 min of prescribed moderate intensity exercise ("ActiveCBT") compared to 30 min of usual activities ("CalmCBT") immediately prior to weekly online CBT sessions. Ten adults with DSM-5-diagnosed current DEP were randomized to groups and completed: an intake assessment, eight weekly CBT sessions, final assessment, and 3-month follow-up.

Bidirectional Associations Between Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dynamic Panel Models With Fixed Effects.

Understanding the direction and magnitude of mental health-loneliness associations across time is important to understand how best to prevent and treat mental health and loneliness. This study used weekly data collected over 8 weeks throughout the COVID-19 pandemic to expand previous findings and using dynamic panel models with fixed effects which account for all time-invariant confounding and reverse causation. Prospective data on a convenience and snowball sample from all 50 US states and the District of Colombia ( = 2,361 with ≥2 responses, 63.

High Sitting Time Is a Behavioral Risk Factor for Blunted Improvement in Depression Across 8 Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic in April-May 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic has elicited increased sedentary behaviors, decreased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and worsened mental health, yet the longitudinal impact of these changes and their inter-relations remains unknown. Our purpose was to examine associations between changes in self-reported activity behaviors and mental health over an 8-week period following the COVID-19 outbreak. Participants from all 50 states and the District of Colombia were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling at baseline April 3-10, 2020.

The effect of physical activity on the association between perceived racial discrimination and depression in African Americans.

Background: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and major depressive disorder (MDD) in African Americans.

Methods: 645 African Americans (mean age 45 years) were interviewed on their perceived racial discrimination, PA, and past 12-month MDD. Participants were categorized into tertiles (lower, middle, upper) of racial discrimination as well as "active" or "inactive" groups based on the US PA guidelines.

Associations Between Employment Changes and Mental Health: US Data From During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To examine associations of changing employment conditions, specifically switching to working from home (WFH) or job loss, with mental health, using data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 2,301 US adults in employment prior to COVID-19 were collected April 3rd-7th, 2020. Participants reported whether their employment remained unchanged, they were WFH when they had not been before, or they had lost their job due to the pandemic.

Associations Between Change in Outside Time Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Public Health Restrictions and Mental Health: Brief Research Report.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated pandemic has resulted in systemic changes to much of life, affecting both physical and mental health. Time spent outside is associated with positive mental health; however, opportunities to be outside were likely affected by the COVID-19 public health restrictions that encouraged people not to leave their homes unless it was required. This study investigated the impact of acute COVID-19 public health restrictions on outside time in April 2020, and quantified the association between outside time and both stress and positive mental health, using secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the COVID and Well-being Study.

A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to reducing sedentary time in adults with chronic low back pain.

Background: Sedentary time (SED) is associated with many detrimental health outcomes, yet little is known about what factors influence one's ability to reduce SED. Even less is known about these factors in specific patient populations for whom high levels of SED may influence symptoms, such as those with chronic low back pain (cLBP). The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore participants' perceptions of factors that influenced their ability to reduce SED across an 8-week intervention to reduce SED in adults with cLBP and elevated depressive symptoms.

Working From Home and Job Loss Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Are Associated With Greater Time in Sedentary Behaviors.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, major changes to how, or even whether, we work have occurred. This study examines associations of changing COVID-19-related employment conditions with physical activity and sedentary behavior. Data from 2,303 US adults in employment prior to COVID-19 were collected April 3rd-7th, 2020.

Current and 1-Year Psychological and Physical Effects of Replacing Sedentary Time With Time in Other Behaviors.

Introduction: Sedentary time is inversely associated with health. Capturing 24 hours of behavior (i.e.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength on Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults.

Purpose: To evaluate the independent and combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength (MS) with arterial stiffness (AS), a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, in older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 405 older adults (mean age, 72 yr). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by time (s) to complete a 400-m walking test and MS by maximal handgrip strength (kg).

Cytokine responses across submaximal exercise intensities in women with major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with chronic inflammation. Exercise training can treat depression in adults with MDD, potentially through reducing inflammatory activity. This improvement may occur through adaptations to repeated acute inflammatory responses.

Differential Reduction of IP-10 and C-Reactive Protein via Aerobic Exercise or Mindfulness-Based Stress-Reduction Training in a Large Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exercise and meditation improve health and well-being, potentially through decreasing systemic inflammation. In this study, healthy adults ( = 413) were randomized to 8 weeks of training in aerobic exercise, matched mindfulness-based stress reduction, or wait-list control. Three inflammation-related biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10) were assessed preintervention, directly postintervention, and 17 weeks later.