Current and 1-Year Psychological and Physical Effects of Replacing Sedentary Time With Time in Other Behaviors.

Introduction: Sedentary time is inversely associated with health. Capturing 24 hours of behavior (i.e.

The Effect of Exercise Training on Total Daily Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Weight-Stable Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: The present study examined, among weight-stable overweight or obese adults, the effect of increasing doses of exercise energy expenditure (EEex) on changes in total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), total body energy stores, and body composition.

Methods: Healthy, sedentary overweight/obese young adults were randomized to one of 3 groups for a period of 26 weeks: moderate-exercise (EEex goal of 17.5 kcal/kg/wk), high-exercise (EEex goal of 35 kcal/kg/wk), or observation group.

Relationships between chronotype, social jetlag, sleep, obesity and blood pressure in healthy young adults.

Sleep disturbances, chronotype and social jetlag (SJL) have been associated with increased risks for major chronic diseases that take decades to develop, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Potential relationships between poor sleep, chronotype and SJL as they relate to metabolic risk factors for chronic disease have not been extensively investigated. This prospective study examined chronotype, SJL and poor sleep in relation to both obesity and elevated blood pressure among healthy young adults.

Changes in sedentary time are associated with changes in mental wellbeing over 1 year in young adults.

Excessive sedentary time is related to poor mental health. However, much of the current literature uses cross-sectional data and/or self-reported sedentary time, and does not assess factors such as sedentary bout length. To address these limitations, the influence of objectively measured sedentary time including sedentary bout length (i.

Energy Intake Derived from an Energy Balance Equation, Validated Activity Monitors, and Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry Can Provide Acceptable Caloric Intake Data among Young Adults.

Background: Assessments of energy intake (EI) are frequently affected by measurement error. Recently, a simple equation was developed and validated to estimate EI on the basis of the energy balance equation [EI = changed body energy stores + energy expenditure (EE)].

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare multiple estimates of EI, including 2 calculated from the energy balance equation by using doubly labeled water (DLW) or activity monitors, in free-living adults.

The Influence of Life Events and Psychological Stress on Objectively Measured Physical Activity: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study.

Background: This study examined how life event occurrences and stressfulness influence objectively measured light through vigorous physical activity (PA) among young adults.

Methods: Every 3 months over a 12-month period, 404 healthy young adults completed questionnaires on the occurrence and stress of 16 life events and wore an accelerometer for 10 days.

Results: A modest positive relationship was seen between cumulative life event occurrences [between effect: β = 22.

Persistence of social jetlag and sleep disruption in healthy young adults.

Sleep disruption has been associated with increased risks for several major chronic diseases that develop over decades. Differences in sleep/wake timing between work and free days can result in the development of social jetlag (SJL), a chronic misalignment between a person's preferred sleep/wake schedule and sleep/wake timing imposed by his/her work schedule. Only a few studies have examined the persistence of SJL or sleep disruption over time.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between different exercise types and food cravings in free-living healthy young adults.

Introduction: An increase in energy intake due to alterations in hedonic appetite sensations may, at least in part, contribute to lower-than-expected weight loss in exercise interventions. The aim of this study was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between habitual exercise participation and food cravings in free-living young adults.

Methods: A total of 417 adults (49% male, 28 ± 4 years) reported frequency and duration of walking, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and other exercise at baseline and every 3 months over a 12-month period.

Psychosocial Determinants of Weight Loss Among Young Adults With Overweight and Obesity: HOW DOES DRIVE FOR THINNESS AFFECT WEIGHT LOSS?

Purpose: The ardent wish to lose weight, drive for thinness (DT), might be 1 psychosocial contributor to weight loss (WL) in adults with overweight and obesity. In examining DT as a predictor of WL, it is important to determine whether its predictive value is equal in males and females and whether it exerts its effects primarily through changes in diet or physical activity (PA).

Methods: Two-hundred three men and women with overweight and obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m; aged 21-35 years; 47% female) participated in this 12-month observational study.

The association between sedentary behaviors during weekdays and weekend with change in body composition in young adults.

Background: High sedentary time has been considered an important chronic disease risk factor but there is only limited information on the association of specific sedentary behaviors on weekdays and weekend-days with body composition. The present study examines the prospective association of total sedentary time and specific sedentary behaviors during weekdays and the weekend with body composition in young adults.

Methods: A total of 332 adults (50% male; 27.

The Association of Physical Activity during Weekdays and Weekend with Body Composition in Young Adults.

Physical activity (PA) is a key contributor in long-term weight management but there remains limited research on the association between weekly PA patterns and weight change. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prospective association between weekly PA patterns and weight change in generally healthy young adults. Anthropometric measurements, including dual X-ray absorptiometry, were obtained every 3 months over a period of one year in 338 adults (53% male).

Effects of moderate and vigorous physical activity on fitness and body composition.

Current physical activity (PA) guidelines indicate that moderate-intensity (MPA) and vigorous intensity (VPA) PA provide similar benefits when total volume is equal. The present study examined the associations of MPA and VPA with body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in free-living young adults. A total of 197 young adults (52.

Anti-inflammatory Dietary Inflammatory Index scores are associated with healthier scores on other dietary indices.

Dietary components are important determinants of systemic inflammation, a risk factor for most chronic diseases. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was developed to assess dietary inflammatory potential. It was hypothesized that anti-inflammatory DII scores would be associated with "healthier" scores on other dietary indices.

Is nutrient intake associated with physical activity levels in healthy young adults?

Objective: Both physical activity (PA) and diet are important contributors to health and well-being; however, there is limited information on the association of these behaviours and whether observed associations differ by weight. The present study aimed to evaluate whether nutrient intake is associated with PA and if this association varies by weight in young adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study to analyse the association between PA and nutrient intake.

The Association of Neighborhood Gene-Environment Susceptibility with Cortisol and Blood Pressure in African-American Adults.

Background: African-American adults are disproportionately affected by stress-related chronic conditions like high blood pressure (BP), and both environmental stress and genetic risk may play a role in its development.

Purpose: This study tested whether the dual risk of low neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and glucocorticoid genetic sensitivity interacted to predict waking cortisol and BP.

Methods: Cross-sectional waking cortisol and BP were collected from 208 African-American adults who were participating in a follow-up visit as part of the Positive Action for Today's Health trial.

Neighborhood Social Predictors of Weight-related Measures in Underserved African Americans in the PATH Trial.

African Americans have the highest rate of obesity in the United States relative to other ethnic minority groups. Bioecological factors including neighborhood social and physical environmental variables may be important predictors of weight-related measures specifically body mass index (BMI) in African American adults. Baseline data from the Positive Action for Today's Health (PATH) trial were collected from 417 African American adults.

Low levels of physical activity are associated with dysregulation of energy intake and fat mass gain over 1 year.

Background: Previous studies suggest that appetite may be dysregulated at low levels of activity, creating an energy imbalance that results in weight gain.

Objective: The aim was to examine the relation between energy intake, physical activity, appetite, and weight gain during a 1-y follow-up period in a large sample of adults.

Design: Participants included 421 individuals (mean ± SD age: 27.

Energy flux: staying in energy balance at a high level is necessary to prevent weight gain for most people.

Energy flux, the rate of energy conversion from absorption to expenditure or storage, is a critical component of understanding weight management. Individuals who maintain body weight over time have common characteristics including a relatively high level of physical activity and minimal changes in body composition, muscle mass and metabolic rate. A higher state of energy flux resulting from high energy expenditure may provide for a greater 'sensitivity' between energy intake and expenditure.

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and submaximal systolic blood pressure among young adult men: a reversed J-curve pattern relationship.

Objectives: Exercise blood pressure is a marker of future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among individuals with or without high resting BP or any other cardiovascular disease (CVD) signs and symptoms at present. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between SBP during submaximal exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among young men. Further, we investigated the trend displayed by submaximal SBP (SSBP) across different levels of CRF.