Person-environment transactions of impulsive traits and day-level alcohol use: A narrative review.

Background: Person-Environment Transactions Theory purports that certain individuals react differently (and gain different experiences) based upon their environment, which therefore informs acute and long-term behavioral development. Given the central role of impulsive traits (i.e.

Compliance with event-contingent ecological momentary assessments and subjective follow-ups during drinking episodes.

One of the most ecologically valid methods of assessing alcohol use is event-contingent ecological momentary assessments, being self-initiated ecological momentary assessments when drinking commences. However, studies of compliance with event-contingent drinking reports, and subjective momentary follow-ups thereafter, are scant. These reports are particularly important in alcohol research, as they glean subjective assessments during acute drinking moments.

What were you thinking? Relations between cannabis expectancies and use behavior depend upon self-attributed modality and type of cannabis.

Self-report is the most common way to measure substance use expectancies. Using such measures has led to insights regarding how, why, and for whom expectancies relate to use behavior. In fact, such insights have translated into interventions, such as expectancy challenges seeking to change one's expectancies.

The sequential daily process through which alcohol expectancies predict acute drinking behavior.

Objective: Alcohol expectancies are well-studied between-person risk factors for problem drinking. However, no studies have tested mechanisms through which daily deviations in expectancies relate to drinking behavior during acute drinking episodes. This study filled this void, testing a sequential mediation model regarding the roles of social context, subjective responses, and craving in relations between daily deviations in expectancies and drinking behavior.

Lower perceptions of day-level peer drinking strengthen the impact of personal drinking on negative and positive consequences.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that perceived peer drinking is associated with problem drinking behavior. However, research focusing on the dynamic impact of day-level perceived peer drinking behavior on a given individual's day-to-day deviations in drinking behavior has received less attention. This study sought to test whether day-level deviations in (and person-level averages of) perceived peer drinking quantity moderated the impact of an individual's own day-to-day deviations in (and person-level averages of) drinking quantity on day-level alcohol consequences.

Paradoxical Multilevel Relations Between Internalizing Symptoms and Solitary Drinking in Emerging Adults.

Background: Theoretical models suggest that internalizing symptoms predispose individuals toward solitary drinking. However, data have not explicated whether longitudinal relations occur across- or within-individuals over time, which have important yet distinct clinical implications. If relations exist across individuals, then targeted prevention in individuals with higher internalizing symptoms may be most clinically effective.

Initial Development and Preliminary Validation of the Physical Drinking Contexts Scale.

Literature on the location and contextual features of drinking events (i.e., physical context) remains scant and underdeveloped.

Are you feeling what I'm feeling? Momentary interactions between personal and perceived peer subjective response predict craving and continued drinking in young adults.

Background: Subjective response to alcohol is a robust predictor of alcohol outcomes. It is possible that the perceived subjective response of others may influence concurrent experiences of one's own subjective response. However, no studies have examined how the perceived subjective response of others might interact with personal subjective response and how such interactions may influence levels of craving and subsequent drinking.

Real-time impaired control over drinking: The role of contextual influences during naturally occurring drinking episodes.

Background: Impaired control over drinking is a central feature of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), yet little within-person research on impaired control is available. As a result, there is little research regarding the dynamic impact of social drinking context on impaired control. The current study sought to fill these gaps, testing a sequential mediation model wherein social drinking context predicted episode-specific deviations in perceived impaired control, which indirectly predicted daily negative consequences via drinking more than planned.

An Easily Accessible, Semi-Automated Approach to Creating Personalized Normative Feedback and Risk Feedback Graphics.

Objective: Personalized normative feedback interventions show efficacy in reducing health risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol use, sexual aggression).

Simultaneous use of alcohol, cannabis, and energy drinks predicts increased daily alcohol consumption and alcohol consequences.

Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis (SAM) use and alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) days are associated with heavier drinking and negative consequences compared to alcohol-only days. However, it remains unclear if SAM and AmED days differ from one another in terms of consumption and negative consequences. It also remains unclear how often days characterized by both SAM + AmED occur and if these days are associated with incremental risk for heavier drinking and negative consequences.

Within-episode relations among simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use and continued drinking: The role of momentary subjective responses, craving, and drinking context.

Background: Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use is associated with riskier daily drinking. However, little research has tested momentary mechanisms through which simultaneous use predicts continued drinking during acute drinking episodes. The current study tested whether simultaneous use moments predicted within-episode increases in subjective responses, craving, and continued drinking, and whether these relations were potentiated in social versus solitary settings.

Disaggregating within- and between-person associations to test the aversive transmission of alcohol use in late adolescence through adulthood.

Objective: The theory of aversive transmission posits that children of parents who have an alcohol use disorder (AUD) may abstain or limit their own alcohol use because they believe themselves to be at risk of developing problems with alcohol. The present study examined relationships among parental AUD, perceived parental AUD, perceived risk for AUD, addiction avoidance reasons for limiting alcohol use, and alcohol use using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model.

Method: Participants ( = 805; 48% female; 28% Latinx) were from a longitudinal study investigating intergenerational transmission of AUD.

Event-level risk for negative alcohol consequences in emerging adults: The role of affect, motivation, and context.

Objective: Decades of research has found support for the motivational model of alcohol use at the between-person level, yet research on event-level drinking motives is in its nascent stage. Similarly, drinking context has been largely ignored in studies of day-level motives. Therefore, the present study sought to test whether drinking context mediates the relation between affect and motivation on drinking outcomes at both day and person levels.

Differentiating action from inaction: Longitudinal relations among impulsive personality traits, internalizing symptoms, and drinking behavior.

Background: Impulsive personality traits are strong, consistent risk factors for heavy drinking, and modern theories suggest that impulsive traits may also confer risk for internalizing symptoms. However, it remains unclear which specific impulsive traits are linked with heavy drinking versus internalizing symptoms, and whether heavy drinking and internalizing symptoms are mechanisms of risk for negative alcohol consequences in impulsive individuals.

Method: Data are from a longitudinal study of young adults (N = 448, M = 22.

Do Subjective Effects from Alcohol and Cannabis Predict Simultaneous Use During a Decision-Making Task?

Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use is associated with negative outcomes, yet little is known about what motivates the decision of simultaneous use. One possibility is that early-episode subjective effects motivate simultaneous use to complement or replace the first substance's effects. The current study used a hypothetical decision-making task to test this hypothesis.

Too Tired to Think: Within and Between-Person Relations Among Impulsive Traits, Sleep Duration, and Mental Health Outcomes.

Heavier drinking and depression are common mental health concerns in the USA, yet few studies have sought to understand transdiagnostic risk factors for both. Two health-focused risk factors are impulsive personality traits and sleep duration, but research typically separates the two, precluding additive and interactive relations. The current study sought to test a theoretical model where risk conferred from impulsive traits is heightened when individuals have reduced sleep.

Modeling momentary reciprocal associations between negative affect and craving for alcohol and cannabis using dynamic structural equation modeling.

Objective: Negative reinforcement models suggest that negative affect should predict event-level substance use, however, supporting daily-life evidence is lacking. One reason may be an emphasis in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) research on use behavior, which is subject to contextual and societal constraints that other substance outcomes, such as craving, may not be subject to. Therefore, the present study tested momentary, within-person reciprocal relations among negative affect and craving for alcohol and cannabis in daily life.

Daily Relations Among Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use, Simultaneous Use, and Negative Consequences: A Day-Level Latent Profile Analysis.

Objective: Concurrent and simultaneous cannabis and alcohol co-use confers risk for daily negative alcohol consequences. However, studies often treat co-use as a dichotomy, precluding examination of higher- and lower-risk co-use days. Additionally, little is known about specific alcohol consequences associated with daily co-use.

Pregaming potentiates risk between UPPS-P impulsivity and day-level drinking behavior: A test of person-environment transactions theory.

Pregaming represents a uniquely high-risk drinking event for young adults, and subfacets of impulsivity are robust predictors of alcohol use and related negative outcomes. Further, it is likely that pregame events contain social and physical stimuli that are particularly appealing for impulsive individuals, thus exacerbating risk for negative outcomes. However, no prior studies have investigated the extent to which impulsive personality traits interact with pregame events to confer alcohol-related risk.

Indirect Associations between Impulsivity and Alcohol Outcomes through Motives for Drinking Responsibly among U.S. College Students: An Integration of Self-Determination Theory and the Acquired Preparedness Model.

The aim of the present study was to conduct a preliminary investigation of the associations between facets of impulsivity and alcohol outcomes through motives for drinking responsibly described by self-determination theory among college students. Participants (N=2,808) were part of a multisite investigation of college student drinking across 10 universities in 8 states in the U.S.

Longitudinal Relations Among Parental Substance Use Disorder and Adolescent Drinking Behavior: The Role of Temperament, Negative Urgency, and Maternal Parenting.

Research suggests that parental substance use disorder is associated with adolescent drinking indirectly through negative urgency, a form of impulsivity that is particularly associated with high-risk drinking. Moreover, childhood mechanisms of risk may play a role in this developmental chain such that childhood temperament and parenting may be mechanisms through which parental substance use disorder is associated with adolescent negative urgency and drinking behavior. Therefore, the current study tested whether parental substance use disorder was indirectly associated with adolescent drinking frequency through childhood temperament (i.

Relations Among Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use, Adolescent Impulsive Traits, and Prospective Change in Impulsive Traits into Emerging Adulthood.

Models of personality suggest that adolescent substance use may be associated with adolescent impulsive traits as well as changes in impulsive traits from adolescence into emerging adulthood. However, little research has focused on how adolescent alcohol and cannabis co-use, an increasingly popular and risky substance use pattern, may relate to adolescent impulsive traits as well as changes in impulsive traits from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Therefore, the current study tested patterns of adolescent co-use and their links with adolescent impulsive traits and changes in impulsive traits into emerging adulthood.