Total tumor volume predicts overall survival and response to induction chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases: An ancillary study of the phase 3 CAIRO5 trial.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess whether total tumor volume (TTV) outperforms RECIST1.1 for treatment response assessment in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), and to investigate TTV as a predictive biomarker for the optimal systemic treatment regimen for individual patients with initially unresectable CRLM.

Methods: Patients with initially unresectable liver-only CRLM from the phase 3 CAIRO5 trial (NCT02162563) were included.

International Magnetic Resonance Imaging Consensus for use in Luminal Crohn's Disease Trials and Clinical Practice.

Background And Aims: Cross sectional imaging is an integral part of evaluating disease activity and complications in Crohn's disease. There remains a need to develop guidance that may be for both clinical trials and clinical practice. This initiative aimed to develop consensus statements for definitions of response and remission, transmural healing, optimal timing for assessing, and evaluation of treatment efficacy in patients with Crohn's disease using magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in clinical trials and clinical practice.

ECCO-ESGAR-ESP-IBUS Guideline on Diagnostics and Monitoring of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Part 1.

The current consensus guideline offers a comprehensive and practical guidance on the diagnostic and monitoring of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It provides recommendations on requirements for initial diagnosis, detection of complications, the use of monitoring tools in patients with IBD and diagnostics in specific situations, such as pregnancy, postoperatively and for cancer surveillance. The guideline is a joint project of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO), the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology, the European Society of Pathology, and the International Bowel Ultrasonography Group under the leadership of ECCO.

The EXTENT Study: Results From an International Expert Delphi Consensus to Define Ultrasonographic Parameters for Measuring Bowel Damage in Crohn's Disease.

Background & Aims: A primary aim in managing Crohn's disease (CD) is preventing bowel damage. The Lémann index (LI) quantifies structural bowel damage using magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) or computed tomography enterography (CTE) and, for colonic CD, colonoscopy. Intestinal ultrasonography (IUS) provides a noninvasive imaging alternative, although its role in LI assessment remains unexplored.

Intestinal Ultrasound and Its Advanced Modalities in Characterizing Strictures in Crohn's Disease.

Background & Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) strictures exhibit varying levels of inflammation and chronicity. We evaluate whether intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is accurate in characterizing stricture composition.

Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included patients with CD who underwent IUS prior to a small bowel segment resection.

ESR Essentials: diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in patients with luminal Crohn's disease-practice recommendations by the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology.

The European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) presents an ESR Essentials review article on Crohn's disease (CD) diagnosis and treatment response assessment. The focus is on luminal disease, particularly in the small bowel, and to a lesser degree, the colon. Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) and ultrasound are typically the first-line radiological investigations for known or suspected luminal CD.

Quantified motility in Crohn's disease to evaluate stricture composition using cine-MRI.

Objectives: The histopathological composition of a stricture impacts clinical treatment choice. Therefore, imaging biomarkers that can distinguish a predominantly inflammatory from a chronic (i.e.

From Development to Implementation: A Systematic Review on the Current Maturity Status of Artificial Intelligence Models for Patients with Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being researched and developed in the medical field and holds the potential to transform healthcare after successful implementation. For patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), many AI models have been developed, but knowledge about translation of these models in the clinical workflow is lacking. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to provide a contemporary overview of the current maturity status of AI models for patients with CRLM.

Evaluation of a deep-learning segmentation model for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (COALA) in the radiological workflow.

Objectives: For patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), total tumor volume (TTV) is prognostic. A deep-learning segmentation model for CRLM to assess TTV called COlorectal cAncer Liver metastases Assessment (COALA) has been developed. This study evaluated COALA's performance and practical utility in the radiological picture archiving and communication system (PACS).

Computed Tomography Colonography in Fecal Immunochemical Test Positives in a Colorectal Cancer Screening Program.

Background & Aims: In the Dutch colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program, fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positives are offered computed tomography colonography (CTC) instead of colonoscopy in case of comorbidities or patient refusal. Literature on CTC in FIT-positives is scarce, and the risk of post-CT interval CRC (PCT-CRC) in this population is unknown.

Methods: In this cohort study, we assessed CTC yield, clinical management, and risk of PCT-CRC in FIT-positives who underwent CTC between 2014 and 2019 in the Dutch CRC screening program.

Patients' Attitudes to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: A Global Survey.

Background: There is limited patient involvement in radiological research for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (pfCD), despite magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)'s critical role in diagnosis and management. Patient and public involvement is essential for aligning research with patient priorities. This study aimed to gather patient perspectives on the use of MRI in pfCD.

Defining Radiological Healing in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: a TOpClass Global Expert Delphi Consensus.

Background & Aims: Perianal fistulising Crohn's disease (pfCD) affects one-fifth of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), significantly affecting their quality of life. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for evaluating fistula healing in pfCD, but variability in radiological definitions hampers meaningful clinical interpretation and consistent trial design. This study aimed to establish an international consensus on the definition of radiological healing in pfCD.

Preoperative stereotactic radiotherapy to prevent pancreatic fistula in high-risk patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (FIBROPANC): prospective multicentre phase II single-arm trial.

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula is the main driver of morbidity and mortality after pancreatoduodenectomy. In high-risk patients, the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula approaches 50%, whereas it is below 5% in patients with pancreatic cancer who receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of preoperative stereotactic body radiotherapy on the pancreatic neck transection margin in high-risk patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy to prevent postoperative pancreatic fistula.

Diagnostic accuracy of ultra-low-dose chest CT vs chest X-ray for acute non-traumatic pulmonary diseases.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of ULDCT to CXR for detecting non-traumatic pulmonary diseases at the emergency department (ED) and to study diagnostic confidence levels.

Methods: Secondary analysis of the prospective OPTIMACT trial (2418 ED participants randomly allocated to ULDCT or CXR). Diagnoses at imaging at the ED were compared to the reference diagnosis on day 28.

Is Frequent Imaging Necessary? Impact of Computed Tomography During Follow-up After Surgical Treatment for Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objective: Current guidelines on radiological follow-up (FU) for patients after treatment for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are not based on robust evidence. This review aims to evaluate whether the 2022 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines are noninferior, in terms of recurrence and (overall) survival, to a higher imaging frequency of computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen.

Methods: A literature search of relevant search machines (PubMed/Medline and EMBASE) was performed up to May 29, 2024.

Tubal flushing with oil-based contrast during hysterosalpingography versus tubal flushing by hysterosalpingo-foam sonography in infertile women undergoing fertility work-up: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial (FOil study).

Introduction: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) and hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) are commonly used tubal patency tests during the fertility work-up. Besides its diagnostic purpose, HSG with oil-based contrast can also be applied for its fertility-enhancing effect, by tubal flushing. HyFoSy is considered as less painful compared with HSG, it lacks exposure to iodinated contrast medium and ionising radiation.

Development and external evaluation of a self-learning auto-segmentation model for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases Assessment (COALA).

Objectives: Total tumor volume (TTV) is associated with overall and recurrence-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). However, the labor-intensive nature of such manual assessments has hampered the clinical adoption of TTV as an imaging biomarker. This study aimed to develop and externally evaluate a CRLM auto-segmentation model on CT scans, to facilitate the clinical adoption of TTV.

Consensus definition of a radiologically healed fistula on magnetic resonance imaging in perianal Crohn's disease: an international Delphi study.

Introduction: Perianal fistulising Crohn's disease (pfCD) is a distinct and debilitating phenotype seen in around one-third of patients with CD. Clinical trials in pfCD are increasingly using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria as a primary endpoint, but there is heterogeneity in the radiological definition of a healed perianal fistula that currently limits our ability to perform meaningful meta-analyses of studies. Our aim is to standardise outcomes through the generation of an international consensus definition of a radiologically healed fistula.

Diffusion Weighted Imaging for the Assessment of Lymph Node Metastases in Women with Cervical Cancer: A Meta-analysis of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and provide optimal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cut-off values for differentiating between benign and metastatic lymph nodes in women with uterine cervical cancer.

Method: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched. Methodological quality was assessed with QUADAS-2.

Feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of preoperative stereotactic radiotherapy on the future pancreatic neck transection margin to reduce the risk of pancreatic fistula after high-risk pancreatoduodenectomy (FIBROPANC): protocol for a multicentre, single-arm trial.

Introduction: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) occurs in 25% of patients undergoing a high-risk pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and is a driving cause of major morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased costs after PD. There is a need for perioperative methods to decrease these risks. In recent studies, preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) reduced the rate of POPF seemingly due to radiation-induced pancreatic fibrosis.

Quantitative Analysis of Small Intestinal Motility in 3D Cine-MRI Using Centerline-Aware Motion Estimation.

Background: Currently available tools for noninvasive motility quantification of the small intestine are limited to dynamic 2D MRI scans, which are limited in their ability to differentiate between types of intestinal motility.

Purpose: To develop a method for quantification and characterization of small intestinal motility in 3D, capable of differentiating motile, non-motile and peristaltic motion patterns.

Study Type: Prospective.