Regional differences in the prevalence of obstetric complications in relation to maternal obesity and food purchases.

Introduction: Regional variations exist in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Finland. As these conditions share risk factors with major obstetric complications, we aimed to investigate whether there are geographical differences in the prevalence of pregnancy complications and if these differences could be explained by known risk factors such as maternal obesity or dietary intake.

Material And Methods: In this observational study, data from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and the Hospital Discharge Register were analyzed for primiparous women who had singleton births in Finland from 2013 to 2017.

Can the Unit Size Predict Outcomes? Testing for Informativeness in Three-Level Designs.

Multilevel data are frequently encountered in biomedical research, and several statistical methods have been developed to analyze such data. Informativeness of the number of units on certain levels often manifests itself in multilevel data analysis and failure to account for this phenomenon will lead to biased inference. Moreover, utilizing an incorrect marginalization approach will also lead to invalid conclusions.

Associations of Cumulative Adulthood, Childhood and Lifelong Insulin With Adulthood Retinal Microvasculature.

Context: Exogenous insulin is reported to have both vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive effects on microvasculature. Little is known about the associations of long-term endogenous insulin exposure with microvasculature.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that long-term exposure to high insulin levels in childhood and adulthood is associated with adverse changes in retinal microvasculature in adulthood in a population without diabetes.

How likely are Eastern European and central Asian countries to achieve global NCD targets: multi-country analysis.

Background: In Europe, mortality rates from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among persons 30-69 years of age ("NCD premature mortality rates") have declined significantly, except in twelve countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Data on long-term trends in NCD mortality in these countries are limited. We analyzed NCD premature mortality rates, identified change points in NCD mortality trends and forecasted how likely countries are to achieve the global NCD targets, stratified by gender and NCD type.

Food Consumption and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Increased Genetic Susceptibility for Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Prospective longitudinal evidence considering the entire childhood food consumption in relation to the development of islet autoimmunity (IA or) type 1 diabetes is lacking.

Objectives: We studied the associations of consumption of various foods and their combinations with IA and type 1 diabetes risk.

Methods: Children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes born in 1996-2004 were followed from birth up to ≤6 y of age in the prospective birth cohort type 1 diabetes prediction and prevention study (n = 5674).

Cognitive performance from childhood to old age and intergenerational correlations in the multigenerational Young Finns Study.

Background: Cognitive performance changes during the lifespan, but the information is gathered from studies on separate age cohorts. Computerized neurocognitive testing enables efficient and similar assessments for all ages. We investigated (i) the effect of age at different stages of life and (ii) intergenerational correlations across cognitive domains in the multigenerational Young Finns Study.

Randomized 20-year infancy-onset dietary intervention, life-long cardiovascular risk factors and retinal microvasculature.

Background And Aims: Retinal microvasculature characteristics predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study investigated associations of lifelong cardiovascular risk factors and effects of dietary intervention on retinal microvasculature in young adulthood.

Methods: The cohort is derived from the longitudinal Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project study.

Change in cognitive performance during seven-year follow-up in midlife is associated with sex, age, and education - The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Objective: Sex, age, and education are associated with the level of cognitive performance. We investigated whether these factors modulate the change in cognitive performance in midlife by leveraging the longitudinal data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS).

Methods: Participants of the YFS cohort performed a computer-based Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) in 2011 and 2018 (n = 1671, age 41-56 years in 2018).

Association between work-related factors and health behaviour clusters among Finnish private-sector service workers.

Purpose: We examined how work-related factors associate with several health behaviours that appear together among the large, but less-studied, blue- and pink-collar worker group, which is characterized by low education and income levels.

Methods: In 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among private sector service workers (n = 5256) in Finland. We applied two-step cluster analysis to identify groups on the basis of leisure-time physical activity, sleep adequacy, frequency of heavy drinking, smoking status, and frequency of fruit, vegetable and berry consumption.

Building nutritionally meaningful classification for grocery product groups: the LoCard Food Classification process.

Analysing customer loyalty card data is a novel method for assessing nutritional quality and changes in a population's food consumption. However, prior to its use, the thousands of grocery products available in stores must be reclassified from the retailer's original hierarchical structure into a structure that is suitable for the use of nutrition and health research. We created LoCard Food Classification (LCFC) and examined how it reflects the nutritional quality of the grocery product groups.

Prostate Cancer Screening With PSA, Kallikrein Panel, and MRI: The ProScreen Randomized Trial.

Importance: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has potential to reduce prostate cancer mortality but frequently detects prostate cancer that is not clinically important.

Objective: To describe rates of low-grade (grade group 1) and high-grade (grade groups 2-5) prostate cancer identified among men invited to participate in a prostate cancer screening protocol consisting of a PSA test, a 4-kallikrein panel, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The ProScreen trial is a clinical trial conducted in Helsinki and Tampere, Finland, that randomized 61 193 men aged 50 through 63 years who were free of prostate cancer in a 1:3 ratio to either be invited or not be invited to undergo screening for prostate cancer between February 2018 and July 2020.

The dynamics in food selection stemming from price awareness and perceived income adequacy: a cross-sectional study using 1-year loyalty card data.

Background: Higher cost of healthy foods may explain unhealthy dietary patterns in lower-income households. Unfortunately, combining food selection and nutrient intake data to price and expenditure is challenging. Food retailer's customer loyalty card data, linked to nutrient composition database, is a novel method for simultaneous exploration of food purchases, price, and nutrition.

Do LUTS Predict Mortality? An Analysis Using Random Forest Algorithms.

Purpose: To evaluate a random forest (RF) algorithm of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as a predictor of all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort.

Materials And Methods: A population-based cohort of 3143 men born in 1924, 1934, and 1944 was evaluated using a mailed questionnaire including the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS-1) to assess LUTS as well as questions on medical conditions and behavioral and sociodemographic factors. Surveys were repeated in 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2015.

Early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer: protocol summary and statistical analysis plan for the ProScreen randomised trial.

Introduction: Evidence on the effectiveness of prostate cancer screening based on prostate-specific antigen is inconclusive and suggests a questionable balance between benefits and harms due to overdiagnosis, and complications from biopsies and overtreatment. However, diagnostic accuracy studies have shown that detection of clinically insignificant prostate cancer can be reduced by MRI combined with targeted biopsies.The aim of the paper is to describe the analysis of the ProScreen randomised trial to assess the performance of the novel screening algorithm in terms of the primary outcome, prostate cancer mortality and secondary outcomes as intermediate indicators of screening benefits and harms of screening.

Tensorial Principal Component Analysis in Detecting Temporal Trajectories of Purchase Patterns in Loyalty Card Data: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Loyalty card data automatically collected by retailers provide an excellent source for evaluating health-related purchase behavior of customers. The data comprise information on every grocery purchase, including expenditures on product groups and the time of purchase for each customer. Such data where customers have an expenditure value for every product group for each time can be formulated as 3D tensorial data.

Weekday and weekend physical activity patterns and their correlates among young adults.

Background: Accelerometers enable assessment of within and between day variation in physical activity. The main aim was to examine weekday and weekend physical activity patterns among young adults. Additionally, correlates of the physical activity patterns were examined.

Impact of Timing of Surgery and Adjuvant Treatment on Survival of Adult IDH-wild-type Glioblastoma: A Single-center Study of 392 Patients.

Background: The purpose of our study was to analyze the impact of time interval from referral to surgery and from surgery to adjuvant treatment on survival of adult isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDH-wt) glioblastomas.

Methods: Data on 392 IDH-wt glioblastomas diagnosed at the Tampere University Hospital in 2004-2016 were obtained from the electronic patient record system. Piecewise Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for different time intervals between referral and surgery, as well as between surgery and adjuvant treatments.

Geographical variation in treated psychotic and other mental disorders in Finland by region and urbanicity.

Purpose: In Finland, prevalence of schizophrenia is higher in the eastern and northern regions and co-occurs with the distribution of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores. Both genetic and environmental factors have been hypothesized to contribute to this variation. We aimed to examine the prevalence of psychotic and other mental disorders by region and degree of urbanicity, and the impacts of socio-economic adjustments on these associations.

What is the role of puberty in the development of islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes?

In many populations, the peak period of incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been observed to be around 10-14 years of age, coinciding with puberty, but direct evidence of the role of puberty in the development of T1D is limited. We therefore aimed to investigate whether puberty and the timing of its onset are associated with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and subsequent progression to T1D. A Finnish population-based cohort of children with HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to T1D was followed from 7 years of age until 15 years of age or until a diagnosis of T1D (n = 6920).

Childhood Dyslipidemia and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Background Childhood exposure to dyslipidemia is associated with adult atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether the long-term risk associated with dyslipidemia is attenuated on its resolution by adulthood. We aimed to address this question by examining the links between childhood and adult dyslipidemia on carotid atherosclerotic plaques in adulthood. Methods and Results The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a prospective follow-up of children that began in 1980.

Infant Feeding, Gut Permeability, and Gut Inflammation Markers.

Objectives: Increased gut permeability and gut inflammation have been linked to the development of type 1 diabetes. Little is known on whether and how intake of different foods is linked to these mechanisms in infancy. We investigated whether the amount of breast milk and intake of other foods are associated with gut inflammation marker concentrations and permeability.

Who buys non-alcoholic beer in Finland? Sociodemographic characteristics and associations with regular beer purchases.

Background: The consumption of non-alcoholic beer and other non-alcoholic and low-alcohol beverages has grown significantly in recent years. Due to a lack of suitable datasets, there have been few studies conducted on the forerunners of the non-alcoholic beer consumption trend. This study examined the associations of sociodemographic characteristics with non-alcoholic beer purchase, and of non-alcoholic beer purchases with regular beer purchases.