Extracurricular Activities-Extra Beneficial: The Role of Motivation for Extracurricular Activities on Outcomes in High-School Students.

Introduction: There is growing interest in the developmental consequences of extracurricular activities. While past research has mostly focused on the direct effect of extracurricular activities on outcomes (Farb and Matjasko 2012; Marsh and Kleitman 2002), the current study used a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework to test a serial mediation model in which self-determined motivation for extracurricular activities was positively associated with indicators of students' functioning through the mediating role of self-determined school motivation and psychological need satisfaction in school. Moreover, the current study aimed at testing SDT's claim that psychological need satisfaction is universally applicable across contexts and cultures.

Management of Oligometastatic Breast Cancer: An Expert Committee's Opinion.

Patients with oligometastatic breast cancer (BC) are candidates of choice for metastasis-directed therapy (MDT). This paper summarizes the opinions of an expert committee about the management of oligometastatic BC. The experts could complete the questionnaire from 13 September 2021, to 10 October 2021, followed by a discussion.

HER2-positive breast cancer is lost in translation: time for patient-centered research.

No biomarker beyond HER2 itself, which suffers from a low positive predictive value, has demonstrated clinical utility in breast cancer, despite numerous attempts to improve treatment tailoring for the growing number of anti-HER2 targeted therapies. This prompted us to examine the body of evidence, using a systematic approach, to identify putative predictive biomarkers in HER2-positive breast cancer, and discuss the hitherto failure to address the needs of patients. In the future, it is hoped immune-based biomarkers will predict benefit from anti-HER2 treatments in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings.

Regional Nodal Irradiation After Breast Conserving Surgery for Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Results of a Subanalysis From the ALTTO Trial.

Background: Two randomized trials recently demonstrated that regional nodal irradiation (RNI) could reduce the risk of recurrence in early breast cancer; however, these trials were conducted in the pretrastuzumab era. Whether these results are applicable to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer patients treated with anti-HER2-targeted therapy is unknown.

Methods: This retrospective analysis was performed on patients with node-positive breast cancer who were enrolled in the Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization phase III adjuvant trial and subjected to BCS.

CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Gene-Expression Signature in Breast Cancer--Where Did It Start and Where Are We Now?

Desmedt and colleagues published two articles, one in the June 1, 2007 issue, and the other in the August 15, 2008, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, that showed gene-expression signatures to be proliferation driven and time dependent, with their prognostic power decreasing with increasing follow-up years. Moreover, the articles showed that immune response is a crucial determinant of prognosis in the HER2-positive and estrogen receptor-negative/HER2-negative subtypes, providing a rationale to further explore the role of the antitumor immune response in these breast cancer subtypes.

Immunology and breast cancer: toward a new way of understanding breast cancer and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Every cancer triggers an immune response that constitutes an important first-line protection against cancer progression. In breast cancer, there is an increasing awareness of the relationship between the immune system and tumor evolution. The tumor microenvironment is composed of a variety of immune cells that can control or arrest malignant progression.

Liquid biopsy: will it be the 'magic tool' for monitoring response of solid tumors to anticancer therapies?

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances (in the past 12 months) concerning circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in oncology.

Recent Findings: The value of CTCs as a prognostic biomarker is now well validated in breast, colon, and prostate cancer, but no trial has yet demonstrated that modifying treatment according to CTCs is superior to standard of care. Ongoing trials are addressing the clinical utility of CTCs.

Parental autonomy-support, intrinsic life goals, and well-being among adolescents in China and North America.

Self-determination theory proposes that prioritizing intrinsic life goals, such as community involvement, is related to well-being, whereas focusing on extrinsic life goals, such as financial success, is associated with lower well-being and that parenting influences the type of life goals that youth adopt. In a sample of 515 Chinese (56% female, mean age = 15.50) and 567 North American (52% male, mean age = 14.

Balance across contexts: importance of balanced need satisfaction across various life domains.

Self-determination theory posits that satisfaction of three basic psychological needs-autonomy, competence, and relatedness-are required for psychological well-being, and a recent study showed that the balance in the satisfaction of these three needs independently affects well-being. The present investigation builds on these findings by examining the balance of adolescents' need satisfaction across distinct life contexts. The results of three studies show that adolescents who experience a balance of need satisfaction across important life contexts, including at school, at home, with friends, and in part-time jobs, reported higher well-being and better school adjustment.