Restriction Spectrum Imaging as a Quantitative Biomarker for Prostate Cancer With Reliable Positive Predictive Value.

Purpose: The positive predictive value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa, grade group [GG] ≥2) varies widely between radiologists. The restriction spectrum imaging restriction score (RSIrs) is a biophysics-based metric derived from diffusion MRI that could be an objectively interpretable biomarker for csPCa. We aimed to evaluate performance of RSIrs for patient-level detection of csPCa in a large and heterogenous dataset, and to combine RSIrs with clinical and imaging parameters for csPCa detection.

First-Generation and Low-Income Students in the National Medical Student Body.

Importance: Diverse representation within the US medical student body and physician workforce is an important step to help address known pervasive health care disparities.

Objective: To evaluate US medical school first-year matriculants between 2002 and 2015 through a disaggregated lens, parsing out low-income and first-generation students and understanding their intersectionality with racial and ethnic groups.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Using deidentified student-level data of allopathic US medical school matriculants from the Association of American Medical Colleges Matriculating Student Questionnaire from 2002 through 2015, this cross-sectional study obtained demographic data with a focus on first-generation and low-income status.

Combination Metastasis-Targeted External Beam Radiation Therapy With Lu-PSMA-617 in Patients With Advanced Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Lu-PSMA-617 (LuPSMA) is an effective radiopharmaceutical therapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. While LuPSMA can treat disseminated disease, additional localized control of metastatic disease may be required. Metastasis-targeted external beam radiation therapy (M-EBRT) can be an effective adjunct.

Disparities in Penile Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Place of Death Trends From 1999 to 2020.

Introduction: Penile cancer is rare in the United States (US); however, disparities have been found in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of penile cancer. There is a need for evaluation of recent trends in penile cancer mortality, incidence, and place of death across all demographics.

Materials And Methods: Using the CDC WONDER database, penile cancer-specific mortality (PNCSM) trends in the US were evaluated from 1999 to 2020 by race/ethnicity, age group, census region, and place of death.

Longitudinal Analysis of Bladder Cancer-Specific Mortality Trends in the United States.

Background: Bladder cancer is the tenth leading cause of cancer death in the United States (US). Advances in diagnosis, imaging, and treatments have led to improvements in bladder cancer management.

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal bladder cancer mortality trends from 1999-2020 in the US by gender, race, ethnicity, age, geographic region, and urbanization category.

US Cancer Mortality Trends Among Hispanic Populations From 1999 to 2020.

Importance: Advances in cancer research and treatment access have led to decreasing cancer mortality in the US; however, cancer remains the leading cause of death among Hispanic individuals.

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal cancer mortality trends from 1999 to 2020 among Hispanic individuals by demographic characteristics and to compare age-adjusted cancer death rates between the Hispanic population and other racial and ethnic populations during 2000, 2010, and 2020.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study obtained age-adjusted cancer death rates among Hispanic individuals of all ages between January 1999 and December 2020, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database.

Racial and ethnic disparities in a real-world precision oncology data registry.

Biorepositories enable precision oncology research by sharing clinically annotated genomic data, but it remains unknown whether these data registries reflect the true distribution of cancers in racial and ethnic minorities. Our analysis of Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE), a real-world cancer data registry designed to accelerate precision oncology discovery, indicates that minorities do not have sufficient representation, which may impact the validity of studies directly comparing mutational profiles between racial/ethnic groups and limit generalizability of biomarker discoveries to all populations.

Novel plasma exosome biomarkers for prostate cancer progression in co-morbid metabolic disease.

Comorbid Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a metabolic complication of obesity, associates with worse cancer outcomes for prostate, breast, head and neck, colorectal and several other solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence shows that exosomes carry miRNAs in blood that encode the metabolic status of originating tissues and deliver their cargo to target tissues to modulate expression of critical genes.

Demographic Trends Among American Society for Radiation Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Task Force Participants From 2010 to 2022.

Purpose: The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has produced evidence-based clinical practice guidelines since 2009. It is unknown whether task force members for these guidelines are representative of the diversity of the radiation oncology field, particularly in comparison to the ASTRO membership demographics. We sought to characterize the demographic composition of all task force members to date.

Adipocyte-derived exosomes may promote breast cancer progression in type 2 diabetes.

Obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Here, we investigated the critical cellular and molecular factors behind this link. We found that primary human adipocytes shed extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, that induced the expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem–like cell (CSC) traits in cocultured breast cancer cell lines.