Distinct evolutionary patterns of endemic and emerging parvoviruses, and the origin of a new pandemic virus.

Emergence of epidemic viruses in new hosts threatens both human and animal populations, and often involves virus evolution to overcome barriers that normally prevent efficient infection and spread in that host. After transfer the separated viruses will evolve in parallel as they spread within the original and new hosts. Here we examine the details of a virus involved in such a host-jumping event, where we define the natural evolution of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) over 60 years, clarify the origins of the new pandemic canine parvovirus (CPV) that arose in the 1970s, and compare the separate evolution of those viruses over 47 years in cats or dogs.

Stroboscopic Glasses in Rehabilitation Improve Force Accuracy and Reduce Visual Reliance in Chronic Ankle Instability.

Context: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have deficits in force accuracy in evertors and hip abductors due to impaired neuromuscular control. Individuals with CAI rely more on visual information during force accuracy following lateral ankle sprain. To identify the effects of using stroboscopic glasses following a 4-week rehabilitation on force accuracy of ankle evertors, invertors, and hip abductors and visual reliance in individuals with CAI.

Microstructural Evolution Dynamics in Rapid Joule Heating Densification of High-Nickel Cathodes.

High-energy density materials are essential for the advancement of next-generation lithium-ion batteries, which power a wide range of applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Among them, high-Nickel (Ni) layered oxide cathodes have emerged as promising candidates due to their high capacity and cost-effectiveness. However, pores and excessive grain growth in high-Ni layered oxides compromise energy density and mechanical integrity, while oversized grains hinder lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, necessitating a sintering strategy that promotes densification without inducing abnormal grain growth.

Differences in postural control and muscle activation in individuals with bilateral and unilateral chronic ankle instability.

Background: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit deficits in postural control and muscle activation, with bilateral changes suggesting central alterations in sensorimotor function. However, differences in postural control and muscle activation between bilateral and unilateral CAI remain unclear. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted rehabilitation strategies.

Virtual Reality-Based Assessment of Static Postural Control Among Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability, Copers, and Controls.

Context: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have deficits in postural control. Previous studies assessing postural control have been limited by minimal environmental perturbations. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of virtual reality (VR)-based perturbation on static postural control among CAI individuals, copers, and healthy controls.

Lower Extremity Mechanical Energetics During Walking 6 Months Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Aberrant gait biomechanics following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are critical factors contributing to the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, it remains unknown how ACLR impacts lower extremity joint energetics and each joint's contribution to total limb energetics during walking. To compare mechanical energetics at the ankle, knee, and hip joints between ACLR limbs, contralateral, and control limbs during walking.

Elucidating Ligand Exchange Dynamics of Hexacyanochromate-Based Redox Mediators in Aqueous Iron-Chromium Redox Flow Batteries.

Aqueous redox flow batteries (AQRFBs) are revolutionizing energy storage by integrating sustainability with cutting-edge innovation. Among them, Iron-Chromium RFBs (Fe-Cr RFBs), which utilize aqueous-based electrolytes, effectively address critical challenges in renewable energy integration while offering unparalleled safety, low-cost scalability and environmental compatibility. Potassium hexacyanochromate (K[Cr(CN)]) has emerged as a promising negolyte material in Fe-Cr RFBs due to its favorable electrochemical properties.

Surface Fluorination Shielding of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Enhanced Electrochemical Stability in All-Solid-State Batteries.

Despite their high Li conductivity and deformability, sulfide solid electrolytes suffer from limited electrochemical stability, which prevents all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) from reaching their full performance potential. Herein, a facile surface fluorination strategy is presented for LiPSCl using XeF as a solid-state fluorinating agent, enabling a scalable dry process at moderate temperatures. An ≈37.

Cell fate specification during respiratory development requires ARID1A-containing canonical BAF complex activity.

Development of the mammalian lung requires formation of a definitive lung bud from the foregut endoderm, branching morphogenesis, specification of a proximal to distal axis, and differentiation of extensive specialized airway and alveolar epithelial lineages. These steps require coordinated temporal and regional gene expression to define the lung epithelium in preparation for the first breath at birth. While the transcriptional and signaling regulators required for lung development are increasingly well known, the key epigenetic complexes that interact with lineage transcription factors for cell-specific control of gene expression remain to be defined.

Selective Electrosynthesis of Methanol from CO Over Cu/CuPO Via the Formate Pathway.

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CO2RR) to methanol offers an eco-friendly approach to reducing carbon emissions while producing versatile liquid fuels and feedstocks. However, achieving high selectivity for methanol, especially at high current densities, remains challenging due to competing reactions that favor methane and hydrogen formation. Here, the tailored synthesis of Cu/CuPO-based hybrid catalysts is reported for efficient and selective methanol production through the discharge of lithium-ion batteries.

Aberrant Gait Biomechanics Linked to Cartilage Changes After ACL Reconstruction in Those With High Body Mass Index.

A history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and high body mass index (BMI) are strong risk factors for incident knee osteoarthritis. Limited research has evaluated the interaction between ACLR and high BMI on limb-level loading and early deleterious changes in cartilage health. The purpose of this study was to separately investigate the association between vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) loading profiles during gait and tibiofemoral cartilage composition in ACLR patients with high and normal BMI.

Lack of a role of NHE4 in renal ammonia metabolism.

The cation exchanger, Na/H exchanger isoform 4 (NHE4), has been thought to have a central role in renal ammonia metabolism and handling by acting in a Na for NH exchange mode at the basolateral plasma membrane in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the loop of Henle. These studies aimed to determine the effect of NHE4 deletion on ammonia metabolism under basal conditions and in response to metabolic acidosis. Constitutive NHE4 deletion resulted in increased urine ammonia excretion associated with significantly lower urine pH; this increase did not lead to metabolic alkalosis.

Highlighting Charge Redistribution Phenomenon in Mn-Based Prussian Blue Analogues for Enhancing Redox Stability.

The development of sodium-ion batteries is increasingly critical due to the limited availability and rising cost of lithium resources, positioning a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Conventional Mn-based cathode materials often suffer from the strong Jahn-Teller effect of Mn, leading to structural instability and capacity fading. Herein, it is demonstrated that activating charge redistribution between adjacent transition metals in Mn-based Prussian blue analogues, driven by tuning electronic conductivity, plays a crucial role in mitigating the Jahn-Teller effect.

Metal-to-metal charge transfer for stabilizing high-voltage redox in lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes.

Apart from conventional redox chemistries, exploring high-voltage anionic redox processes, such as pure oxygen or high-valent transition metal ion redox, poses challenges due to the instability of O nonbonding or O-dominant energy states. These states are associated with destructive behaviors in layered oxide cathodes, including local structural distortion, cationic disordering, and oxygen gas evolution. In this study, we suppress first-cycle voltage hysteresis and irreversible O evolution in Li-rich oxide cathodes through covalency competition induced by the substitution of electropositive groups.

Structures and functions of the limited natural polyclonal antibody response to parvovirus infection.

Host antibody responses are key components in the protection of animals against pathogens, yet the defining properties of viral antigens and induction of B cell responses that result in varied protection are still poorly understood. Parvoviruses are simple molecular structures that display 60 repeated motifs on their capsid surface, and rapidly induce strong antibody responses that protect animals from infection. We recently showed that following canine parvovirus infection of its natural host, the polyclonal response in the sera contained only two or three dominant antibodies that bound two epitopes on the capsid.

Reactive Oxygen Species Resistive Redox Mediator in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

The utilization of redox mediators (RMs) in lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) has underscored their utility in high overpotential during the charging process. Among the currently known RMs, it is exceptionally challenging to identify those with a redox potential capable of attenuating singlet oxygen (O) generation while resisting degradation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O and superoxide (O ). In this context, computational and experimental approaches for rational molecular design have led to the development of 7,7'-bi-7-azabicyclo[2.

Control of Electrolyte Desolvation Energy Suppressing the Cointercalation Mechanism and Organic Electrode Dissolution.

Despite numerous studies aimed at solving the detrimental dissolution issue of organic electrode materials (OEMs), a fundamental understanding of their dissolution mechanism has not yet been established. Herein, we systematically investigate how changes in electrolyte composition affect the ion-solvent interactions propagating to OEM dissolution by changing the cation. The cyclability of OEM is significantly different by alkali cations, where the OEM with K is stable even after 300 cycles and that with Li is drastically decayed within 100 cycles.

Infectious parvovirus B19 circulates in the blood coated with active host protease inhibitors.

The lack of a permissive cell culture system has limited high-resolution structures of parvovirus B19 (B19V) to virus-like particles (VLPs). In this study, we present the atomic resolution structure (2.2 Å) of authentic B19V purified from a patient blood sample.

DG Comics: Semi-Automatically Authoring Graph Comics for Dynamic Graphs.

Comics are an effective method for sequential data-driven storytelling, especially for dynamic graphs-graphs whose vertices and edges change over time. However, manually creating such comics is currently time-consuming, complex, and error-prone. In this paper, we propose DG COMICS, a novel comic authoring tool for dynamic graphs that allows users to semi-automatically build and annotate comics.

Effects of Chronic Pain on Static and Dynamic Postural Control in Chronic Ankle Instability.

Objective: To identify the effects of chronic pain levels on static and dynamic postural (DP) control in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Controlled laboratory.

Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Engineering for Prussian Blue Analogues in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The increasing use of low-cost lithium iron phosphate cathodes in low-end electric vehicles has sparked interest in Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) for lithium-ion batteries. A major challenge with iron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCFe), particularly in lithium-ion systems, is its slow kinetics in organic electrolytes and valence state inactivation in aqueous ones. We have addressed these issues by developing a polymeric cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer through a ring-opening reaction of ethylene carbonate triggered by OH radicals from structural water.

Relationships Between Running Biomechanics and Femoral Articular Cartilage Thickness and Composition in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients.

Background: Although individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are at high risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis, mechanisms underlying the relationship between running and knee cartilage health remain unclear.

Objective: We aimed to investigate how 30 min of running influences femoral cartilage thickness and composition and their relationships with running biomechanics in patients with ACLR and controls.

Methods: Twenty patients with ACLR (time post-ACLR: 14.

Visual Disruption and Neuromechanics During Landing-Cutting in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.

Context: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) demonstrate altered movement patterns when their vision is disturbed during simple tasks, such as single-legged standing and walking. However, it remains unclear whether visual disruption by stroboscopic glasses alters movement patterns during landing-cutting movements, considered highly demanding sport maneuvers that mimic a typical athletic movement.

Objectives: To identify altered lower extremity kinematics and muscle activation when vision is disrupted by stroboscopic glasses during landing-cutting tasks in individuals with CAI.