Nonconventional growth characteristics of tin silicon oxide grown by thermal atomic layer deposition using H2O as oxidant.

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of tin silicon oxide was performed via an ALD supercycle on an amorphous carbon (a-C) layer, which serves as the mandrel in self-aligned double patterning (SADP) techniques. This approach addresses limitations of conventional ALD SiO2 processes using ozone (O3) as the oxidant, which can lead to degradation of a-C mandrel or collapse of the SiO2 spacer itself under aggressive scaling. In this study, tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin (TDMASn) and bis-diethylaminosilane (BDEAS) were used as Sn and Si precursors, respectively, with H2O as the oxidant to avoid damage to the a-C layer.

Microstructural Evolution Dynamics in Rapid Joule Heating Densification of High-Nickel Cathodes.

High-energy density materials are essential for the advancement of next-generation lithium-ion batteries, which power a wide range of applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Among them, high-Nickel (Ni) layered oxide cathodes have emerged as promising candidates due to their high capacity and cost-effectiveness. However, pores and excessive grain growth in high-Ni layered oxides compromise energy density and mechanical integrity, while oversized grains hinder lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, necessitating a sintering strategy that promotes densification without inducing abnormal grain growth.

Characteristics of thigh and shank affected side acceleration parameter during stroke hemiplegic gait.

BackgroundDespite its clinical relevance, there is a relative lack of research examining flexibility and stability based on the acceleration or speed of localized limb segments, such as the shank and thigh.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate gait characteristics based on acceleration in the thigh and shank to identify differences between the affected and unaffected sides in stroke hemiplegic patients.MethodForty individuals with stroke-induced hemiplegia were assessed during a 5-meter walk using a 3D motion analysis system and Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs).

Protective effects of lipid mediators, obtained from docosahexaenoic acid via soybean lipoxygenase, on lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute lung injury through the NF‑κB and Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling pathways.

Acute lung injury (ALI), marked by acute and chronic inflammation, causes damage to alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial cells. The present study investigated lipid mediators (LM) effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced RAW264.7 cells and ALI mice.

Highlighting Charge Redistribution Phenomenon in Mn-Based Prussian Blue Analogues for Enhancing Redox Stability.

The development of sodium-ion batteries is increasingly critical due to the limited availability and rising cost of lithium resources, positioning a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Conventional Mn-based cathode materials often suffer from the strong Jahn-Teller effect of Mn, leading to structural instability and capacity fading. Herein, it is demonstrated that activating charge redistribution between adjacent transition metals in Mn-based Prussian blue analogues, driven by tuning electronic conductivity, plays a crucial role in mitigating the Jahn-Teller effect.

Layer-by-layer NH3 plasma treatment for area-selective atomic layer deposition of high-quality SiO2 thin films.

Area-selective atomic layer deposition (area-selective ALD) has been extensively studied because of its versatility in nanotechnological applications. The priority focus in area-selective ALD is to achieve the desired selectivity; thus, most studies to date have been concentrated on the reaction mechanism of ALD on growth/nongrowth substrates or the development of novel methodologies to resolve the challenges associated with its implementation in high-volume manufacturing. In this study, we performed area-selective ALD of SiO2 on SiO2, where SiO2 was not grown on SiNx, and suggested area-selective ALD approaches that could simultaneously enhance selectivity and film quality.

Metal-to-metal charge transfer for stabilizing high-voltage redox in lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes.

Apart from conventional redox chemistries, exploring high-voltage anionic redox processes, such as pure oxygen or high-valent transition metal ion redox, poses challenges due to the instability of O nonbonding or O-dominant energy states. These states are associated with destructive behaviors in layered oxide cathodes, including local structural distortion, cationic disordering, and oxygen gas evolution. In this study, we suppress first-cycle voltage hysteresis and irreversible O evolution in Li-rich oxide cathodes through covalency competition induced by the substitution of electropositive groups.

Lipid mediators obtained from docosahexaenoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase alleviate ovalbumin‑induced allergic asthma in mice by reducing airway inflammation and oxidative stress.

Asthma is a chronic allergic respiratory disease lacking effective therapies. The present study investigated the anti‑asthmatic properties of lipid mediators using an ovalbumin (OVA)‑induced allergic asthma model. Lipid mediators (LM; 17S‑monohydroxy docosahexaenoic acid, resolvin D5 and protectin DX at a ratio of 3:47:50) were derived from docosahexaenoic acid through soybean lipoxygenase.

Enhanced Wire-Shaped Micro-Supercapacitor Treated with a Continuous Surface Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Approach.

Microscale, wire-shaped flexible supercapacitors are gaining significant attention due to the growing demand for wearable electronics and microrobotic technologies. Among various materials, copper sulfide stands out as an ideal candidate because of its superior electrochemical properties, which can be attributed to its nanostructured composition. This structure enhances the surface area, reduces ion transport distances, and improves charge-discharge kinetics.

Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits in Korean dairy cattle.

Objective: In Korea, dairy cattle breeding programs have historically prioritized productive, conformation traits, leading to positive improvements, yet reproductive traits have lagged in development. This study was conducted to develop the breeding program of key reproductive traits in the Korean dairy cattle population.

Methods: Utilizing data from 7,596 farms and over seven million observations, we conducted quality control to rectify manual entry errors and selected traits in line with international genetic evaluation standards.

Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Hypertension Based on Body Composition in South Korean Adults.

(1) Background: Various machine learning techniques were used to predict hypertension in Korean adults aged 20 and above, using a range of body composition indicators. Muscle and fat components of body composition are closely related to hypertension. The aim was to identify which body composition indicators are significant predictors of hypertension for each gender; (2) Methods: A model was developed to classify hypertension using six different machine learning techniques, utilizing age, BMI, and body composition indicators such as body fat mass, lean mass, and body water of 2906 Korean men and women; (3) Results: The elastic-net technique demonstrated the highest classification accuracy.

Protective Effects of 7S,15R-Dihydroxy-16S,17S-Epoxy-Docosapentaenoic Acid (diHEP-DPA) against Blue Light-Induced Retinal Damages in A2E-Laden ARPE-19 Cells.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid (diHEP-DPA) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell damage. ARPE-19 cells, a human RPE cell line, were cultured with diHEP-DPA and Bis-retinoid N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E), followed by exposure to BL. Cell viability and cell death rates were determined.

Effectiveness and Safety of Meridian Activation Remedy System for Alleviating Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: an Observational Study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) lacks disease-modifying drugs or sustainable interventions, creating an unmet treatment need. Investigating complementary and alternative medicines aims to improve PD patients' quality of life by alleviating symptoms and delaying the course of the disease.

Objectives: In this single-center, prospective, observational, single-arm study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with exercise therapy and the Meridian Activation Remedy System (MARS).

Korea4K: whole genome sequences of 4,157 Koreans with 107 phenotypes derived from extensive health check-ups.

Background: Phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs) have been conducted on Asian populations, including Koreans, but many were based on chip or exome genotyping data. Such studies have limitations regarding whole genome-wide association analysis, making it crucial to have genome-to-phenome association information with the largest possible whole genome and matched phenome data to conduct further population-genome studies and develop health care services based on population genomics.

Results: Here, we present 4,157 whole genome sequences (Korea4K) coupled with 107 health check-up parameters as the largest genomic resource of the Korean Genome Project.

Ground Force Precision Calibration Method for Customized Piezoresistance Sensing Flexible Force Measurement Mat.

A force plate is mainly used in biomechanics; it aims to measure the ground reaction force in a person's walking or standing position. In this study, a large-area force mat of the piezoresistance sensing type was developed, and a deep-learning-based weight measurement calibration method was applied to solve the problem in which measurements are not normalized because of physical limitations in hardware and signal processing. The test set was composed of the values measured at each point by weight and the value of the center of the pressure variable, and the measured value was predicted using a deep neural network (DNN) regression model.

Investigation on Contact Properties of 2D van der Waals Semimetallic 1T-TiS/MoS Heterojunctions.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) are considered promising alternatives to Si as channel materials because of the possibility of retaining their superior electronic transport properties even at atomic body thicknesses. However, the realization of high-performance 2D TMDC field-effect transistors remains a challenge owing to Fermi-level pinning (FLP) caused by gap states and the inherent high Schottky barrier height (SBH) within the metal contact and channel layer. This study demonstrates that high-quality van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction-based contacts can be formed by depositing semimetallic TiS onto monolayer (ML) MoS.

Lipid mediators obtained from docosahexaenoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase attenuate RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation and joint destruction. A lipid mediator (LM, namely, 17S-monohydroxy docosahexaenoic acid, resolvin D5, and protectin DX in a ratio of 3:47:50) produced by soybean lipoxygenase from DHA, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we determined the effect of LM on collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in RAW264.

Characteristics of Gait Event and Muscle Activation Parameters of the Lower Limb on the Affected Side in Patients With Hemiplegia After Stroke: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: To confirm the characteristics of gait events and muscle activity in the lower limbs of the affected and unaffected sides in patients with hemiplegia.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Motion analysis laboratory of the Wonkwang University Gwangju Hospital.

Application of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy of Methotrexate.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammation and joint damage. Methotrexate (MTX), a commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) used in RA treatment. However, the continued use of DMARDs can cause adverse effects and result in limited therapeutic efficacy.

Lipid mediators derived from DHA alleviate DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis and improve the gut microbiome in BALB/c mice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily results from immune dysregulation. We determined the potential therapeutic benefits of lipid mediators (LM, 17S-monohydroxy DHA, resolvin D5, and protectin DX in a ratio of 3:47:50) produced by soybean lipoxygenase from DHA. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells as well as its effect in an AD mouse model induced by DNCB in BALB/c mice were examined.

Development and Application of a Stability Index Estimation Algorithm Based on Machine Learning for Elderly Balance Ability Diagnosis in Daily Life.

Background: The stability index estimation algorithm was derived and applied to develop and implement a balance ability diagnosis system that can be used in daily life.

Methods: The system integrated an approach based on sensory function interaction, called the clinical test of sensory interaction with balance. A capacitance and resistance sensing type force mat was fabricated, and a stability index prediction algorithm was developed and applied using the center of pressure variables.

Non-volatile reconfigurable spin logic functions in a two-channel Hall bar by spin-orbit torque-based magnetic domains and directional read current.

A long-standing goal of CMOS-based logic devices is to meet the needs of key markets, including ultralow-power operation and high operation speed, along with the continuing miniaturization of the architecture. However, despite significant progress in their development, conventional CMOS-based devices still suffer from drawbacks such as introducing large unintended leakage currents and volatile behavior. Thus, reconfigurable logic gates based on magnetic domain (MD) have emerged as a highly promising option because they offer fast operation speeds, nonvolatility, and diverse logic functions in a single-device configuration.