Post-Transplant Liver Monitoring Utilizing Integrated Surface-Enhanced Raman and AI in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Animal Model.

Background: While liver transplantation saves lives from irreversible liver damage, it poses challenges such as graft dysfunction due to factors like ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which can lead to significant cellular damage and systemic complications. Current diagnostic tools for detecting IR injury have limitations, necessitating advanced methods for timely intervention. This study explores the integration of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with artificial intelligence (AI) to improve diagnostic accuracy for liver IR injury.

Protective Effects of Bronchopulmonary Sequestration (BPS) on the Prognosis of Neonates with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH).

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) are rare congenital anomalies that can coexist, with studies suggesting that 25-40% of CDH cases are accompanied by BPS. The association between CDH and BPS is thought to arise from embryological disruptions during early gestation, with BPS potentially serving as an anatomical barrier. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with concurrent CDH and BPS at a single institution to improve therapeutic approaches.

Prevalence and perinatal risk factors of growth retardation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors.

Background: Growth retardation (GR) is one of the major morbidities in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and perinatal risk factors of growth failure in CDH survivors.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of isolated CDH patients with gestational age ≥ 35 weeks who survived to 3 years of age.

Prognosis analysis of sacrococcygeal teratoma-compared with patient size.

Introduction: Advancements in prenatal care have underscored the importance of understanding postnatal outcomes and prognosis in sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT). However, giant SCTs continue to pose surgical challenges and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A clear, objective threshold for defining a "large" tumor relative to the patient's size remains undefined.

Risk factors for postoperative stone formation in pediatric choledochal cysts: a study of 457 cases.

Postoperative bile duct stones, including intrahepatic bile duct (IHD) stones and remnant distal common bile duct (remnant intrapancreatic common bile duct, RIPD) or common channel duct (CCD) stones, are long-term complications following choledochal cyst (CC) excision. We aimed to retrospectively review occurrence, associated factors, and treatment of postoperative bile duct stones. Records of 457 pediatric patients who underwent CC excision at Asan Medical Center (1992-2021) were retrospectively reviewed.

Comparison of robotic versus laparoscopic cyst excision and hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cyst in children: a propensity score-matched study.

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become a standard approach in pediatric surgery, including for the treatment of choledochal cysts (CC). This study compared the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic (LA) and robot-assisted (RA) surgeries for pediatric CC. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for potential confounding variables that could influence surgical outcomes.

The characteristics of patients who failed initial Kasai portoenterostomy and the long-term prognosis of those who underwent redo-Kasai: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients with failed initial Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) and to compare the long-term prognosis of redo-KP with that of liver transplantation (LT) in these patients.

Methods: The medical records of patients with biliary atresia (BA) who failed initial KP from 2010 to 2021 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. KP failure was defined as persistent jaundice (total bilirubin concentration, ≥2.

Enhancing the Survival of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Quality Improvement Initiative With a Multidisciplinary Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Team Approach.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is the only treatment option that can stabilize patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with severe pulmonary hypertension. This study assessed the effects of a multidisciplinary ECMO team approach (META) as part of a quality improvement initiative aimed at enhancing the survival rates of neonates with CDH.

Methods: The medical records of infants with CDH treated at a tertiary center were retrospectively reviewed.

Surgical treatment for intractable cholangitis with intrahepatic biliary cysts followed by Kasai operation in biliary atresia: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Intrahepatic biliary cysts (IBCs) after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) are associated with intractable recurrent cholangitis. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of its use as well as indication for surgical management of IBCs in pediatric patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of patients who underwent KPE for biliary atresia from 2010 to 2020.

Clinical implications of pediatric biliary intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed from a choledochal cyst specimen.

Background: Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), a noninvasive precursor of cholangiocarcinoma, can manifest malignant transformation. Since cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) may progress due to chronic inflammation in the bile ducts and gallbladder, choledochal cysts are considered a precursor to CCA. However, BilIN has rarely been reported in children, to date.

The outcome of hiatal hernia repair and factors associated with surgical outcome in the pediatric population: a single-center experience.

Purpose: Hiatal hernia in children is a rare condition, and there is limited knowledge available about the disease itself. There is currently no agreement or consensus on the treatment of hiatal hernia in the pediatric population due to lack of evidence. In this study, we were to assess our experience with hiatal hernia, including the characteristics of our patients, surgical outcomes, and factors that influence the outcomes.

Modified patch-conduit venoplasty for portal vein hypoplasia in pediatric liver transplantation.

Background: Portal vein (PV) interposition can induce various PV-related complications, making more reliable techniques necessary. The present study describes the development of a modified patch venoplasty technique, combining the native PV wall and a vein homograft conduit, called modified patch-conduit venoplasty (MPCV).

Methods: The surgical technique for MPCV was optimized by simulation and applied to seven pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for biliary atresia combined with PV hypoplasia.

Redo pull-through for postoperative complications following pull-through in Hirschsprung disease: a single center experience.

Purpose: Although surgical management of Hirschsprung disease (HD) is effective in most patients, some patients experience long-term postoperative complications, and require redo pull-through (PT). The present study evaluated clinical outcomes of redo PT in HD patients at a single center.

Methods: Patients with HD who underwent redo PT procedures between 2003 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Case report: Portal vein ligation: lessons from patients with PRETEXT III hepatoblastoma in restoring future liver remnant before major hepatectomy and literature review.

Background: We describe three cases involving three patients with PRETEXT III hepatoblastoma invading the hepatic hilum. After portal vein embolization, the patients underwent uncomplicated trisectionectomy.

Methods: Medical records between March 2016 and March 2021 were reviewed, and three patients were selected.

Optimal timing for inguinal hernia repair in premature infants: surgical issues for inguinal hernia in premature infants.

Purpose: We analyzed the timing of inguinal hernia repair in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) considering recurrence, incarceration, and other complications.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective review, premature infants (<37 weeks) in the NICU diagnosed with inguinal hernia between 2017 and 2021 were segregated into 2 groups based on the timing of inguinal hernia repair.

Results: Of 149 patients, 109 (73.

Case report: Magnetic resonance imaging-based three-dimensional printing for reconstruction of complex cloacal malformations.

Background: Surgical reconstruction of the urinary tract, anus, and vagina is the definitive treatment for cloacal malformation. However, this procedure may be technically challenging in patients with a long common channel (>3 cm), because further reconstructive procedures, such as vaginal replacement or vaginal switch maneuver, may be required. Thus, accurate determination of spatial anatomy is essential during surgical planning.

Postnatal Imaging for Prediction of Outcome in Patients with Left-sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective: To evaluate associations between postnatal imaging features and outcome of left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia, as defined by overall survival and a requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Study Design: Newborns diagnosed prenatally with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia between January 2013 and September 2021 were studied retrospectively. The esophageal deviation index was newly defined as the largest diameter from the midline to deviated gastric tube divided by the largest transverse diameter of the thoracic cavity on the radiograph.

Pediatric living donor liver transplantation for biliary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: a case report of a case showing disease-free survival over 2 years.

Biliary rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare tumor, but it is still the most common tumor of the biliary tract in children. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy with biliary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and liver metastasis, which were treated with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy combined with living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Initial imaging studies showed a low-attenuation intraductal mass from the left hepatic duct to the intrapancreatic common bile duct with diffuse upstream dilatation of the intrahepatic duct and liver metastasis.

Living donor liver transplantation in an infant patient with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis along with hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease requiring liver transplantation (LT). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very rare in infants. We present a case of living donor LT using a left lateral section graft performed in a 7-month-old female infant diagnosed with PFIC type II and HCC.

Liver transplantation in pediatric patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis: Single center experience of seven cases.

Backgrounds/aims: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease requiring liver transplantation (LT). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and posttransplant courses of seven LT recipients with PFIC.

Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study of patients with PFIC who underwent LT from January 2013 to June 2020.

Usability of intraoperative cine-portogram during liver transplantation in young pediatric patients with biliary atresia.

Background: Pediatric patients with biliary atresia (BA) often present liver cirrhosis-associated portal hypertension and portal vein (PV) hypoplasia. For successful liver transplantation (LT), it is essential to maintain sufficient PV inflow through stenosis-free PV reconstruction with effective ligation of collateral veins. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical usability of intraoperative cine-portogram (IOCP) in young pediatric patients who underwent LT for BA.

Dextroplantation of a reduced left lateral section graft in an infant undergoing living donor liver transplantation.

Graft size matching is essential for successful liver transplantation in infant recipients. We present our technique of graft dextroplantation used in an infant who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using a reduced left lateral section (LLS) graft. The patient was an 11-month-old female infant weighing 7.

Funneling venoplasty for anomalous graft left hepatic vein in living donor liver transplantation using a split left lateral section graft for an infant patient.

The left lateral section (LLS) can have an unusual variant left hepatic vein (LHV) anatomy. We present a case of customized funneling venoplasty of the graft LHV in a 22-month-old girl diagnosed with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency undergoing deceased donor liver transplantation (LT) using a split LLS graft. The split LLS graft weighed 350 g, yielding a graft-to-recipient weight ratio of 3.