Transcranial focused ultrasound to nucleus accumbens reverses fentanyl-induced conditioned place preference in rats.

Fentanyl-related opioid use disorder (OUD) continues to be a substantial public health concern. Current pharmacological treatments, using methadone and buprenorphine, can cause adverse side effects, and patients often relapse, necessitating alternative treatment strategies. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), a noninvasive neuromodulation technique with deep brain penetrability and high spatial selectivity, is emerging as a potential intervention for treatment of OUD.

First-In-Human Study of Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of CPNE7-Derived Peptide (Selcopintide) for Dentin Hypersensitivity.

Dentin hypersensitivity is characterized by transient, sharp pain resulting from dentin exposure due to enamel or cementum loss. Current treatments, which primarily focus on superficial tubule occlusion or nerve desensitization, provide only temporary relief. Copine7 (CPNE7) induces odontoblast differentiation and physiologic dentin regeneration, enabling biological dentin sealing and presenting a novel therapeutic approach.

Unveiling the Favorable Synergy of ZIF-9 and Borocarbonitride on rGO as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions in Alkaline Media.

Exploitation of the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen as an energy source requires energy storage and conversion devices, such as metal-air batteries and fuel cells, which, in turn, require the development of low-cost materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER).o develop highly efficient, bifunctional HER/OER electrocatalysts, the imidazole-substituted benzimidazole precursor 3 was used to synthesize a cobalt(II)-MOF (ZIF-9). Synthesized ZIF-9 was used as a sacrificial precursor, where the pyrolysis temperature and Co doping of the benzimidazole framework were tuned.

Quantitation of methotrexate polyglutamates in red blood cells and application in patients with Crohn's disease.

Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist, is commonly administered at low doses for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). Anti-inflammatory effects of MTX are facilitated by its intracellular conversion to MTX polyglutamates (MTX-PGs). Because plasma-based monitoring of therapeutic response does not accurately reflect the therapeutic efficacy of MTX, quantifying intracellular MTX-PGs, potential biomarkers of the MTX response, is crucial.

Optimal approximate computation of Euclidean distance in spiking neural P systems framework.

A fast approximation for the Euclidean distance, i.e., the [Formula: see text]-norm of a complex number was investigated.

Genetic Diversity and Structure of Korean Pacific Oyster () for Determining Selective Breeding Groups.

This study investigated the genetic diversity and structure of thirteen wild populations of in Korea. The purpose of this investigation was to provide foundational data for selecting reference populations to enhance genetic diversity. Overall, the genetic diversity of Korean was relatively low.

Genetic diversity of Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and the impact of selective breeding on Korean populations.

This study aimed to identify the population structure and genetic diversity of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Korea and to examine the potential for genetic improvement in aquaculture populations. PCA showed NIFS and FarmA as closely related clusters, while FarmB exhibited moderate differentiation with greater variability. Fst analysis indicated high similarity between NIFS and farmed populations (0.

PCR sequencing and re-evaluation of pathologic findings revealed invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Malassezia restricta.

Objective: To describe a rare case of invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Malassezia restricta in a patient with diabetes and emphasize the diagnostic difficulties and significance of molecular techniques.

Study Design: An 85-year-old man with diabetes presented with unresolved left sphenoiditis despite a sphenoidotomy and antibiotics. Imaging findings indicated invasive fungal sinusitis.

Channel Attention for Fire and Smoke Detection: Impact of Augmentation, Color Spaces, and Adversarial Attacks.

The prevalence of wildfires presents significant challenges for fire detection systems, particularly in differentiating fire from complex backgrounds and maintaining detection reliability under diverse environmental conditions. It is crucial to address these challenges for developing sustainable and effective fire detection systems. In this paper: (i) we introduce a channel-wise attention-based architecture, achieving 95% accuracy and demonstrating an improved focus on flame-specific features critical for distinguishing fire in complex backgrounds.

Pharmacokinetic comparison of a fixed-dose combination of telmisartan/rosuvastatin/ezetimibe/amlodipine 80/20/10/5 mg and a loose-dose combination of ezetimibe/rosuvastatin 10/20 mg and telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg in healthy male subjects.

This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet of telmisartan/rosuvastatin/ezetimibe/amlodipine 80/20/10/5 mg and a loose-dose combination (LDC) of two FDC tablets, ezetimibe/rosuvastatin 10/20 mg and telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg, in healthy Korean male subjects. This study was conducted as a randomized, open-label, two-sequence, four-period crossover study. The subjects received the FDC or the LDC of telmisartan, rosuvastatin, ezetimibe, and amlodipine twice, with a 21-day washout in each period.

Pictorial Review of Rare Pancreatic Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Rare pancreatic tumors and non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions present a diagnostic challenge due to their uncommon occurrence and overlapping imaging characteristics with more prevalent pancreatic neoplasms. Advances in imaging technologies and diagnostic criteria have contributed to increased detection of these rare entities in clinical practice. This pictorial review focuses on the radiologic-pathologic correlation of rare pancreatic tumors, including colloid carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, primary pancreatic lymphoma, and non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions such as hamartomas and inflammatory pseudotumors.

Fully phased genome assemblies and graph-based genetic variants of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

The olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, also known as the Korean halibut, is an economically important flatfish in East Asian countries. Here, we provided four fully phased genome assemblies of two different olive flounder individuals using high-fidelity long-read sequencing and their parental short-read sequencing data. We obtained 42-44 Gb of ~15-kb and ~Q30 high-fidelity long reads, and their assembly quality values were ~53.

Factor analysis on the performance of elite male fencing athletes.

Background: We analyzed how stress and heart rate variability affect the performance of male fencing athletes expected to compete in various international events representing Korea.

Methods: This study included 72 fencing athletes who participated in training and competition from January 2020 to December 2023. The stress was analyzed using the Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT).

Effects of Substituting Fishmeal with Soy Protein Concentrate Supplemented with Essential Amino Acids in the Olive Flounder () Diet on the Expression of Genes Related to Growth, Stress, Immunity, and Digestive Enzyme.

This study identified the effects of substituting fishmeal (FM) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) supplemented with lysine and methionine in the olive flounder ) diet on the expression of genes related to growth, stress, immunity, and digestion. Three experimental diets were prepared; the control diet (Con) contained 60% FM, and the experimental diets contained 25% (SPC25) and 50% (SPC50) FM replaced by SPC. After the 140-day feeding period, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed availability, biological indices, and chemical composition of the muscle were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments.

Experience of vascular injuries at a military hospital in Korea.

Purpose: Vascular injuries require immediate surgical treatment with standard vascular techniques. We aimed to identify pitfalls in vascular surgery for trauma team optimization and to suggest recommendations for trauma and vascular surgeons.

Methods: We reviewed 28 victims and analyzed the patterns of injuries, methods of repair, and outcomes.

Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between the Fixed-Dose Combination of Ezetimibe/Rosuvastatin 10/20 Mg and the Fixed-Dose Combination of Telmisartan/Amlodipine 80/5 Mg in Healthy Subjects.

Background: Management of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which are common comorbid risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, require multiple medications. The development of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) containing ezetimibe, rosuvastatin, telmisartan, and amlodipine aims to enhance patient adherence and persistence, but the potential interactions among the four medications have not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between the FDC of ezetimibe/rosuvastatin 10/20 mg (ER) and the FDC of telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg (TA).

Comprehensive CT Imaging Analysis of Primary Colorectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the findings of CT scans in patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). The clinical presentation and CT findings in eight patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal squamous-cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed by two gastrointestinal radiologists. Hematochezia was the most common symptom (n = 5).

Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify cortical loci for lower limb movements and their efficacy for individuals after stroke.

Background: Identification of cortical loci for lower limb movements for stroke rehabilitation is crucial for better rehabilitation outcomes via noninvasive brain stimulation by targeting the fine-grained cortical loci of the movements. However, identification of the cortical loci for lower limb movements using functional MRI (fMRI) is challenging due to head motion and difficulty in isolating different types of movement. Therefore, we developed a custom-made MR-compatible footplate and leg cushion to identify the cortical loci for lower limb movements and conducted multivariate analysis on the fMRI data.

Effects of a Combination of Polynucleotide and Hyaluronic Acid for Treating Osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA), an age-related degenerative disease characterized by severe pain and disability, is treated using polynucleotides (PNs) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The intra-articular (IA) injection of HA has been studied extensively in both animal models and in humans; however, the efficacy and mechanisms of action remain unclear. In addition, there has been a paucity of research regarding the use of PN alone or in combination with HA in OA.

Successful pregnancy outcome via in-vitro fertilization and laparoscopic resection of non-communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy containing early pregnancy: a case report.

Background: Non-communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy (NCRHP) lead to life-threatening condition for both mother and fetus. Early diagnosis of NCRHP and laparoscopic resection is important to prevent catastrophic conditions. However, delayed diagnosis until the second or third trimester makes it difficult to accurately diagnose between NCRHP and bicornuate uterine pregnancy, as both conditions present uterine rupture and massive hemoperitoneum.

Effects of food and ethnicity on the pharmacokinetics of venadaparib, a next-generation PARP inhibitor, in healthy Korean, Caucasian, and Chinese male subjects.

Aim: Venadaparib is a next-generation poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor under development for treating gastric cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of food and ethnicity on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of venadaparib after a single oral administration in healthy Korean, Caucasian, and Chinese male subjects.

Methods: In this randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-sequence, two-period, and crossover study, Korean and Caucasian subjects received venadaparib 80 mg in each period (fasted or fed state) with a seven-day washout.

Topiramate dosage optimization for effective antiseizure management via population pharmacokinetic modeling.

Objective: Despite the suggested topiramate serum level of 5-20 mg/L, numerous institutions have observed substantial drug response at lower levels. We aim to investigate the correlation between topiramate serum levels, drug responsiveness, and adverse events to establish a more accurate and tailored therapeutic range.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data collected between January 2017 and January 2022 at Seoul National University Hospital.

Evaluation of advective solute infiltration into porous media by pulsed focused ultrasound-induced acoustic streaming effects.

Purpose: Acoustic streaming induced by applying transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) promotes localized advective solute transport in the brain and has recently garnered research interest for drug delivery and enhancement of brain waste clearance. The acoustic streaming behavior in brain tissue is difficult to model numerically and thus warrants an in vitro examination of the effects of using different sonication parameters, in terms of frequency, intensity, and pulse duration (PD).

Methods: Melamine and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foams were used to mimic the porous brain tissue, which contains leptomeningeal fenestrations and perivascular space, while agar hydrogel was used to emulate denser neuropil.