Mapping shifts in employment patterns in the Northern Gulf of Mexico due to sea-level rise.

This paper investigates the far-reaching effects of climate change on coastal communities, focusing on sea-level rise (SLR) and its impact on housing stability and employment across diverse sectors and geographical areas. We examine the repercussions of varying SLR scenarios on the population and employment associated with various economic sectors in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf), a topic on which there are notable gaps in the literature. Our analysis predicts that 2.

Healthcare collapse and disease spread: a qualitative study of challenges in Gaza strip.

Importance: The Gaza Strip has been enduring a severe humanitarian crisis due to prolonged conflict, blockade, and systemic instability, resulting in the collapse of its healthcare system.

Objective: To explore the impact of healthcare collapse on the spread of infectious diseases in Gaza, focusing on the challenges faced by healthcare workers, the barriers to disease management, and the coping mechanisms employed by the community.

Design, Settings, And Participants: In this qualitative research, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with healthcare professionals, humanitarian workers, and community members in the Gaza Strip were utilized.

Harmonizing vaccine and infrastructure development to tame cholera outbreaks across Africa.

Vaccines and clean water shortages continue to give rise to cholera outbreaks in Africa. Coordinated efforts to increase vaccine distribution and improve physical infrastructure are needed while considering future outbreaks and water demands due to conflicts and climate events.

Integrated graph measures reveal survival likelihood for buildings in wildfire events.

Wildfire events have resulted in unprecedented social and economic losses worldwide in the last few years. Most studies on reducing wildfire risk to communities focused on modeling wildfire behavior in the wildland to aid in developing fuel reduction and fire suppression strategies. However, minimizing losses in communities and managing risk requires a holistic approach to understanding wildfire behavior that fully integrates the wildland's characteristics and the built environment's features.

Hidden costs to building foundations due to sea level rise in a changing climate.

Coastal civil infrastructure is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Hurricane storm surge and coastal flooding can cause significant hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads on structures while saltwater intrusion (SWI) may lead to deterioration of foundations. The effects of saltwater intrusion due to Sea Level Rise (SLR) on the foundations of buildings and other civil infrastructure is poorly understood.

Update article: applicability of artificial neural networks to integrate socio-technical drivers of buildings recovery following extreme wind events.

In a companion article, previously published in , the authors used graph theory to evaluate artificial neural network models for potential social and building variables interactions contributing to building wind damage. The results promisingly highlighted the importance of social variables in modelling damage as opposed to the traditional approach of solely considering the physical characteristics of a building. Within this update article, the same methods are used to evaluate two different artificial neural networks for modelling building repair and/or rebuild (recovery) time.

Unraveling the complexity of human behavior and urbanization on community vulnerability to floods.

Floods are among the costliest natural hazards and their consequences are expected to increase further in the future due to urbanization in flood-prone areas. It is essential that policymakers understand the factors governing the dynamics of urbanization to adopt proper disaster risk reduction techniques. Peoples' relocation preferences and their perception of flood risk (collectively called human behavior) are among the most important factors that influence urbanization in flood-prone areas.

Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Uniform and Pitting Corrosion and Brittle Fracture.

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams are basic elements used in the construction of various structures and infrastructural systems. When exposed to harsh environmental conditions, the integrity of RC beams could be compromised as a result of various deterioration mechanisms. One of the most common deterioration mechanisms is the formation of different types of corrosion in the steel reinforcements of the beams, which could impact the overall reliability of the beam.

Impact of multiple waves of COVID-19 on healthcare networks in the United States.

The risk of overwhelming hospitals from multiple waves of COVID-19 is yet to be quantified. Here, we investigate the impact of different scenarios of releasing strong measures implemented around the U.S.

Orchestrating performance of healthcare networks subjected to the compound events of natural disasters and pandemic.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the vulnerability of healthcare systems worldwide. When combined with natural disasters, pandemics can further strain an already exhausted healthcare system. To date, frameworks for quantifying the collective effect of the two events on hospitals are nonexistent.

Healthcare and education networks interaction as an indicator of social services stability following natural disasters.

Healthcare and education systems have been identified by various national and international organizations as the main pillars of communities' stability. Understanding the correlation between these main social services institutions is critical to determining the tipping point of communities following natural disasters. Despite being defined as social services stability indicators, to date, no studies have been conducted to determine the level of interdependence between schools and hospitals and their collective influence on their recoveries following extreme events.

Interpreting the socio-technical interactions within a wind damage-artificial neural network model for community resilience.

The use of machine learning has grown in popularity in various disciplines. Despite the popularity, the apparent 'black box' nature of such tools continues to be an area of concern. In this article, we attempt to unravel the complexity of this black box by exploring the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs), coupled with graph theory, to model and interpret the spatial distribution of building damage from extreme wind events at a community level.

Resilience of School Systems Following Severe Earthquakes.

Natural disasters may have catastrophic and long-lasting impacts on communities' physical, economic, and social infrastructure. Slow recovery of educational services following such events is likely to cause traumatic stress in children, lead families to out-migrate, and affect the community's overall social stability. Methods for quantifying and assessing the restoration process of educational systems and their dependencies on other supporting infrastructure have not received adequate attention.

Assessing wildland-urban interface fire risk.

Recent wildfire events, in the United States (USA) and around the world, have resulted in thousands of homes destroyed and many lives lost, leaving communities and policy makers, once again, with the question as to how to manage wildfire risk. This is particularly important given the prevalent trend of increased fire frequency and intensity. Current approaches to managing wildfires focus on fire suppression and managing fuel build-up in wildlands.

The Role of Urban Growth in Resilience of Communities Under Flood Risk.

Flood risk to urban communities is increasing significantly as a result of the integrated effects of climate change and socioeconomic development. The latter effect is one of the main drivers of rising flood risk has received less attention in comparison to climate change. Economic development and population growth are major causes of urban expansion in flood-prone areas, and a comprehensive understanding of the impact of urban growth on flood risk is an essential ingredient of effective flood risk management.

Impact of climate change on the integrity of the superstructure of deteriorated U.S. bridges.

Bridges in America are aging and deteriorating, causing substantial financial strain on federal resources and tax payers' money. Of the various deterioration issues in bridges, one of the most common and costly is malfunctioning of expansion joints, connecting two bridge spans, due to accumulation of debris and dirt in the joint. Although expansion joints are small components of bridges' superstructure, their malfunction can result in major structural problems and when coupled with thermal stresses, the demand on the structural elements could be further amplified.

Understanding Community Resilience from a PRA Perspective Using Binary Decision Diagrams.

Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is a useful tool to assess complex interconnected systems. This article leverages the capabilities of PRA tools developed for industrial and nuclear risk analysis in community resilience evaluations by modeling the food security of a community in terms of its built environment as an integrated system. To this end, we model the performance of Gilroy, CA, a moderate-size town, with regard to disruptions in its food supply caused by a severe earthquake.