Validation and standardization of the content of three di-caffeoylquinic acid in Korean Ligularia fischeri by region of origin.

Ligularia fischeri is a perennial plant in the Asteraceae family, native to Japan, China, Eastern Siberia, and Korea. It is generally known to be beneficial for anti-aging, bronchial diseases, anti-cancer, and constipation. In this study, Ligularia fischeri grown in five regions of Korea (Hahyang, Hongseong, Jeongseon, Nonsan, and Yangsan) were collected, and the absence of interfering substances was confirmed through HPLC analysis and chromatograms compared with standard substances.

Lithium-Bond-Based Deep Eutectic Electrolyte Solutions for High-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries.

Achieving long-term cycling stability in high-temperature lithium metal batteries (LMBs) demands both efficient ion transport and stable electrode interfaces. However, the molecular polarity and strong ionic interactions of conventional electrolytes hinder ion mobility and compromise interfacial stability. In this study, we developed a deep eutectic electrolyte based on Li-bond (Li-DEE) comprising tetraethylammonium nitrate and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, which is different from the traditional hydrogen bonding or lithium ionic bonding electrolyte.

Bisphenol TMC disturbs mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, reducing lifespan and healthspan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Rising concerns about Bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity have prompted the search for safer alternatives. However, concerns persist regarding the safety of replacements like bisphenol TMC (BPTMC), a rapidly emerging BPA substitute. Utilizing the in vivo model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C.

Analysis of autonomous vehicle buyer's decisions: Balancing ethics with Innovation in the trolley dilemma.

This study explores complex decision-making processes in autonomous driving, focusing on the ethical challenges presented by the trolley dilemma and the regulatory focus theory. When faced with significant choices in autonomous driving scenarios, such as the trolley dilemma, passengers prefer to make their own decisions rather than rely on a system's automated choices. This preference of having a choice significantly increases their trust in the technology and their willingness to purchase autonomous vehicles.

HFIP-Assisted Denitrogenative Radical Fragmentation Pathway of Areneazo-2-(2-nitro)propanes: Cross-Coupling of Aryl Radicals with Alkynes and Coupling Reagents.

The HFIP-assisted denitrogenative radical fragmentation of areneazo-2-(2-nitro)propanes, a safer alternative to diazonium salts, generated dinitrogen, nitrogen monoxide, acetone, and aryl radicals. These generated aryl radicals participated in [4 + 2] benzannulations to form phenanthrenes and in diverse cross-coupling reactions, including Sandmeyer-type C-Br/C-Bpin/C-S/C-Se/C-P and C-C bond formations. TEMPO-trapping experiments confirmed their transient nature, enabling versatile approaches to radical-mediated C-C and C-X bond construction under mild and practical conditions.

Visible-Light-Promoted Selenylative Radical Cyclization of 2-Vinyl--Aryl Imines to 3-Indoles via Oxygen Photosensitization.

A visible-light-promoted tandem selenylative radical cyclization of 2-vinyl--aryl imines to 3-indoles was developed involving a series of selenyl radical addition, 5- cyclization, and redox steps. The roles of triplet oxygen (O) and rhodamine-sensitized singlet oxygen (O) under visible light were investigated, revealing that the competing selenol-mediated hydrogen atom transfer process was effectively suppressed. The pivotal role of O in this tandem selenylative radical cyclization provides valuable insight into photocatalyst-controlled aerobic radical processes under visible light.

Distributed Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Transmit Power Control in Cellular Networks.

In a multi-cell network, interference management between adjacent cells is a key factor that determines the performance of the entire cellular network. In particular, in order to control inter-cell interference while providing a high data rate to users, it is very important for the base station (BS) of each cell to appropriately control the transmit power in the downlink. However, as the number of cells increases, controlling the downlink transmit power at the BS becomes increasingly difficult.

Integrative glycomic analysis reveals the crucial role of protein glycosylation in fungal pathogenesis.

Protein glycosylation, a co- and post-translational modification that enhances the functional diversity of the proteome, contributes to various molecular and cellular functions by transferring different polysaccharides onto proteins. During the last decade, the role of glycosylation in plant pathogenic fungi has received significant attention, and glycoproteins are expected to play essential roles in various biological processes including pathogenicity. However, the comprehensive functional genetic analyses for protein glycosylation pathways and glycan structures of phytopathogenic fungi are still largely unknown.

Long-Term Outcome of a Multicenter Prospective Study on Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ≥48-h Interfraction Interval for ≤5 cm Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with an extended (48 h or more) interfraction interval for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤5 cm in size after incomplete response to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods: This multicenter prospective study included 54 patients with inoperable HCC of ≤5 cm size between July 2012 and June 2015. A total SBRT dose of 60 Gy in 3 fractions was administered within 14 days with ≥48-h interfraction interval to patients who showed an incomplete response after 1-5 sessions of TACE.

A new ursane-type triterpene and potent antibacterial alkylbenzoquinones from the aerial parts of .

A new ursane-type triterpene () alongside two known alkylbenzoquinones, dihydromaesanin () and embeliquinone (), were isolated from the aerial parts of . The structure of was elucidated based on 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRESI-MS data. The two alkylbenzoquinones were tested on 13 phytopathogenic bacterial strains.

Suppression of rice blast and tomato late blight by Paraboeremia adianticola producing vulculic acid.

Background: In the search for new natural resources with antifungal activity, the culture filtrate of the marine-derive fungus Paraboeremia adianticola SFC20150402-M24 showed excellent activity for controlling rice blast and tomato late blight diseases. This study aimed to (i) identify antifungal substances from the P. adianticola culture filtrate using chromatography and spectroscopy techniques and (ii) investigate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the isolated compound, along with its underlying antifungal mechanisms.

Vaccination Promotes Efficient and Comprehensive Immune Modulation in Guinea Pig Models.

(TB), caused by ), primarily affects the lungs. The (BCG) vaccine is the only available TB vaccine. Guinea pigs serve as an excellent preclinical model due to the similarity to human pathology.

Korean Mistletoe ( var. ) Ethanol Extracts Enhance Intestinal Barrier Function and Alleviate Inflammation.

Korean mistletoe ( var. , KML) offers remarkable therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases. This study aims to evaluate the effects and potential molecular mechanisms of KML ethanol extracts (KMLE), focusing on intestinal barrier function and tight junctions (TJs) in an interleukin (IL)-6-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model and a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mouse model.

High-energy and long-life O3-type layered cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.

O3-type layered oxide for sodium-ion batteries have attracted significant attention owing to their low cost and high energy density. However, their applications are restricted by rapid capacity decay during long-term cycling, with uneven Na distribution and microcrack formation being key contributing factors. In this study, a customized reconstruction layer integrating a fast ion conductor NaCaPO coating with gradient Ca doping is developed to enhance the surface chemical and mechanical stability of the layered cathodes.

Informatics-assisted proteomics revealing the anti-inflammatory effects of satsuma orange () peel flavonoid extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Unlabelled: peel (CUP), rich in flavonoids, has been traditionally used for its health benefits. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of CUP flavonoid extract (CUPFE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells through proteomics analysis.

A chimeric antigen receptor tailored to integrate complementary activation signals potentiates the antitumor activity of NK cells.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that reprogram the target specificity and functions of CAR-expressing effector cells. The design of CAR constructs typically includes an extracellular antigen-binding moiety, hinge (H), transmembrane (TM), and intracellular signaling domains. Conventional CAR constructs are primarily designed for T cells but have been directly adopted for other effector cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, without tailored optimization.

Clinical Manifestations and Treatments of Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis With Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma.

Background: This study aims to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 263 patients with TSC, comparing clinical histories, genetic variants, and imaging data between patients with and without SEGAs. Additionally, we analyzed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of patients with TSC with SEGAs and evaluated the efficacy of everolimus in reducing SEGA volume.

Comprehensive analysis of Apigetrin's effects on liver cancer cells: Insights from bioinformatics, in vitro studies, and next-generation transcriptome sequencing.

Despite numerous attempts to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the development of liver cancer, it continues to pose a significant worldwide health challenge. Transcriptome sequencing, a powerful tool in molecular biology, has played a pivotal role in uncovering the intricate gene expression profiles underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we identified a total of 808 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 584 exhibiting downregulation, and 224 showing upregulation following apigetrin treatment.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Camellia sinensis L. extract as a potential therapeutic for atopic dermatitis through NF-κB pathway inhibition.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by immune dysregulation and excessive cytokine production. This study aimed to explore the potential of Camellia sinensis L. water extract (CSE) as a treatment for AD by the impact of CSE on inflammatory responses in keratinocytes, particularly concerning the production of inflammatory cytokines and the modulation of signaling pathways relevant to AD pathogenesis.

Correction: (Thio)chromenone derivatives exhibit anti-metastatic effects through selective inhibition of uPAR in cancer cell lines: discovery of an uPAR-targeting fluorescent probe.

Correction for '(Thio)chromenone derivatives exhibit anti-metastatic effects through selective inhibition of uPAR in cancer cell lines: discovery of an uPAR-targeting fluorescent probe' by So-Young Chun , , 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CC05907G.

Catalytic Aerobic Carbooximation of Alkenes Using Secondary Nitroalkanes as Both α-Nitro Alkyl Radical and Nitrogen Monoxide Sources.

Aerobic nitro-nitrite isomerization of secondary nitroalkanes is postulated to proceed via the intermediacy of the α-nitro alkyl radical, where the corresponding Nef-type products, ketones, and nitrogen monoxide can be obtained as byproducts. To explore the catalytic aerobic carbooximation of alkenes using secondary nitroalkanes, phase-transfer catalysis of KSeCN and TBAI has been developed. The current aerobic carbooximation of alkenes utilizes nitroalkanes as both radical and nitrogen monoxide sources in water without external oxidants and prefunctionalized nitroalkanes.

(Thio)chromenone derivatives exhibit anti-metastatic effects through selective inhibition of uPAR in cancer cell lines: discovery of an uPAR-targeting fluorescent probe.

A class of (thio)chromenone derivatives has been identified as suitable ligands for uPAR, a glycoprotein with a prognostic value in a large number of human cancers. The (thio)chromenone agents actively inhibited the binding of uPAR to uPA with a binding affinity of 18.6 nM, reducing cell migration in the wound healing assay by up to 40% without apparent cell motility.

Screening Method to Identify Watermelon Cultivars Resistant to Acidovorax citrulli, the Cause of Bacterial Fruit Blotch.

Acidovorax citrulli is a causative pathogen for bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) in Cucurbitaceae, including watermelon. The most effective method to control this plant disease is to cultivate resistant cultivars. Herein, this study aimed to establish an efficient screening method to determine the resistance of watermelon cultivars against A.